Page 1 of 4

OMEGA SECONDARY SCHOOL

FORM TWO HOLIDAY PACKAGE 2020 SET 01
INSTRUCTIONS:
• This paper consists of sections: A, B and C.
• Answer ALL questions in sections A, B and C.
•

SECTION A: (30 marks)

1. In question 1 (i) – (x) are multiple choice items, select the best answer in each item and write its letter in the space
provided in each case:
(i) The ability of the human body to resist infections and diseases is called:
A. vaccination
B. Inoculation
C. Treatment
D. Immunity
(ii) Equipment and procedures that protect First Aid – Aider from blood and body fluid of the patient are called: -
A. Body substance isolation.
B. Body substance incineration.
C. Body fluid isolation.
D. Body blood isolation.
(iii) The act of getting rid of unwanted items having no value of their basic material content is called:
A. Waste storage.
B. Waste disintegration.
C. Waste disposal.
D. Waste reservation.
(iv) The following is a list of bacterial diseases only: -
A. Measles, Polio, Typhoid and Tetanus.
B. Pneumonia, Malaria, Cholera and Leprosy.
C. Polio, Malaria, Cholera and Plague.
D. Plague, Leprosy, Cholera and Tetanus.
(v) Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C is called:
A. Rickets.
B. Marasmus
C. Scurvy
D. Beriberi
(vi) A person in need of first aid into shock should be:-
A. Kept moving.
B. Given fluids.
C. Kept warm.
D. Sent to hospital.
(vii) The scientific study does not include: -
A. Experiment.
B. Observation.
C. Spiritual thinking.
D. Interpretation.
(viii) Which one among the following is not regarded as bad manners?
A. Drug abuse.
B. Taking care of elders
C. Prostitution.
D. Irresponsible behaviour.
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(ix) The following are two basic types of electron microscopes: -
 A. Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron microscope.
Page 2B.of 4Electron microscope and Scanning Electron microscope.
C. Light microscope and compound microscope.
D. Transmission Electron microscope and light microscope.
(x) The following are importance of studying biology EXCEPT?
A. To understand ourselves better.
B. To increase global warming in the world.
C. To enable us treat and prevent diseases.
D. To get careers such as medicine.

2. You are provided with two Lists: ‘A’ and ‘B’. Choose a word from list ‘B’ which matches the statement or phrase in list
‘A’ and then write its letter in the table provided below.
LIST ‘A’ LIST ‘B’
(i) Characteristics of living things A. Epidemic disease
(ii) Feeling tired, wanting to lie down. B. Sporadic disease
(iii) The process of making food in plants C. Mushroom
(iv) A series of investigations intended to discover a certain facts. D. Plasmodium
(v) A disease which spreads quickly and affect a large number of people in an area E. Lassitude
over a short period of time such as measles. F. Malaise
(vi) Mouth to mouth breathing during giving first aid to a victim of accident. G. Resuscitation
(vii) A part on the compound light microscope that holds the objective lens in place H. Blowing
and can be revolved to change from one objective to another. I. Body tube
(viii) A chemical warning sign that indicates that a substance can accelerate burning J. Nose piece
process. K. Experiment
(ix) Waste materials that can be decomposed. L. Hypothesis
(x) An example of fungus M. Biodegradable waste
N. Hazardous waste
O. Oxidant
P. Flammable
Q. Sleeping
R. Response
S. Digestion
T. photosynthesis

LIST A (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
LIST B

3. The following statements are either TRUE or FALSE. In the space provided, write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if the statement is wrong.
(i)An artificial active immunity can be acquired by vaccination…………………………………………………………….
(ii) A disease which is always present in a population is called an endemic disease………………………………..
(iii) Scissors present in the first aid kit are used to cover small wounds……………………………………………………
(iv) The basic principles of waste disposal are Re-using, Recycling and incinerating…………………………………
(v) The role of CD4 cells in the immune response is to activate B-cells to produce antibodies…………………
(vi) The victim of snake bite is advised not walk to stop poison spread……………………………………………………
(vii) A hand-lens is used to make objects bigger than their normal sizes………………………………………………….
(viii) Rape is a type of sexual harassment…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ix) Health means the state of physical fitness only……………………………………………………………………………….
(x) The care given to pregnant woman before birth is called post-natal care………………………………………….

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWERS (50 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) What is a microscope?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) State the function of:
(i) Microscope slide………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Mirror………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Name the hazard symbol used for each of the following chemicals:
(i) An acid…………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) A petrol…………………………………………………………………………..
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(iii) An alcohol…………………………………………………………………….
 (iv) Bacterial culture……………………………………………………………
5. Page
(a) With
3 ofexamples
4 explain the following terms:
(i) Contagious disease……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Epidemic disease………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Degenerative disease………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Sporadic disease………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) Signs of the disease………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi) Symptoms of the disease……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Fill in the table below with the correct answer:

Pathogen Disease caused by pathogen

(i) Cholera
(ii) Sleeping sickness
(iii) AIDS
(iv) Typhoid

(c) State the difference between the following:

(i) Infection and disease………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Incubation period and infective period ……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) A vector of disease and a pathogen……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iv) Treatment and prevention of a disease………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) Natural active immunity and artificial active immunity………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(vi) Natural passive immunity and artificial passive immunity…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) List down four factors which affect the body immunity.
(i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Give four differences between active immunity and passive immunity.
Active immunity Passive immunity
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

6. (a) How can a disease be spread? Give four ways.

(i)............................................................................................................................................................................
(ii)...........................................................................................................................................................................
(iii)..........................................................................................................................................................................
(iv).........................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Outline four effects of diseases
(i)...........................................................................................................................................................................
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(ii)..........................................................................................................................................................................
 (iii)..........................................................................................................................................................................
Page 4 of 4
(iv)..........................................................................................................................................................................
(c) TB is treated first by conducting sensitivity tests. Filter paper discs, each impregnated with an antibiotic, are placed
on an agar plate which has been seeded with Mycobacterium from the patient and the plate is incubated. The
diagram below shows the effects of five different antibiotics A, B, C, D and E on the growth of the bacteria.

A
C

Bacteria growing on

E
Disc impregnated with antibiotic
B
Clear area where no bacteria grow
D

(i) Why is it important to carry out an antibiotic sensitivity test before prescribing a dose of antibiotics to a
person with bacterial infection?............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Which of the above antibiotics (A, B, C, D and E) could be used to treat the patient? Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Antibiotics are effective against bacterial diseases such as Cholera but do not treat Malaria. Explain.
............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
(d) Give the meaning of each of the following symptoms expressed to a Doctor by Mr. Igembe Sabho.

(i) Malaise …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....................

(ii) Body weakness……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
(iii) Loss of appetite………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............................
(iv) Nausea……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..............................

SECTION C: (20 MARKS)

7. Write an essay on how the following parts or mechanisms of the body provide a natural body defense against
pathogens in human being.
(a) Skin
(b) Nose and air passages
(c) White blood cells
(d) Gastric secretion
(e) Blood clotting
(f) Reflex action
(g) Lysozome

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 Page 1 of 4

OMEGA SECONDARY SCHOOL

FORM TWO HOLIDAY PACKAGE APRIL 2020 SET 02
BIOLOGY
TOPIC: PERSONAL HYGIENE AND GOOD MANNERS.

INSTRUCTIONS:

 answer ALL questions in this paper

SECTION A
Answer ALL questions.
1. Choose the most correct answer among the given alternatives and write in the space provided.
(i) The practice of keeping one’s body, belongings and the environment clean is called
A. Good manners D. Environmental hygiene
B. Biological hygiene E. Oral hygiene
C. Personal hygiene
(ii) All what a person does to his environment to stay in good health is known as
A. good manners D. Environmental hygiene
B. Biological hygiene E. Oral hygiene
C. Personal hygiene
(iii) The behaviour that is socially acceptable is known as
A. Good manners D. Social behaviour
B. Improper behaviour E. Traditions
C. Puberty
(iv) Which of the following is not among the ways of maintaining personal hygiene?
A. Keeping the body clean D. Easing oneself in clean toilet
B. Wearing clean clothes E. Cleaning the surroundings
C. Covering the mouth during eating
(v) The following are among the principles of good manners except
A. Speaking respectively D. Dressing properly
B. Being helpful E. Talking while chewing food
C. Being punctual
(vi) The stage when children begin to mature biologically, psychologically and socially is termed as
A. Adolescence D. Ageing
B. Puberty E. Growth
C. Menstruation
(vii) Removing dirt, wastes or unwanted things from the surface of the objects using detergents and other nec-
essary equipments is technically known as
A. Hygiene D. Environmental hygiene
B. Cleanliness E. Good manner
C. Biological hygiene
(viii) The main focus of personal hygiene is to
A. Keep people smart D. Attract friends for marriage
B. Make people attractive and re- E. Crate the gap between educated
spected and non elite people
C. Reduce incidence and spread of
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1
(ix) PageOne
2 of of
4 the effect of poor personal hygiene among members of the society include all of the following ex-
cept
A. Isolation from friendship D. Stress and inferiority
B. Failure to get employment or E. Being the role model to young
chance for promotion ones
C. Lack of respect
(x) Why is the mouth a good environment for bacterial growth?
A. there is saliva and food that attract bacteria
B. there is food and optimum temperature for bacterial growth
C. sugary food and temperature of the food favours the bacterial growth
D. there are no cleanliness done to destroy bacteria
E. it is a moist part that favour bacterial growth
(xi) The decaying process that takes place on the surface of the teeth produces a build –up called
A. Halitosis D. Tartar
B. Plaque E. Dentine
C. Enamel
(xii) Sticky deposit on which bacteria grow on the teeth as a result of decay is then converted to a hard yellow-
ish, calcified deposit on the teeth called
A. Halitosis D. Tartar
B. Plaque E. Dentine
C. Enamel
(xiii) Other effects of tooth decay include the following except
A. Unpleasant smelling breath D. Painful tooth ache
B. Gum infection E. Whitish teeth
C. Teeth infection
(xiv) The mechanical removal of micro organisms from contaminated hand surfaces using soap or detergents is
known as
A. Hygienic hand washing D. Hygiene
B. Cleaning of hands E. Sanitation
C. Hand care
(xv) Which is the correct sequence of hand washing technique?
1. scrub in between the fingers
2. Wash the hands and arms with soap and clean water
3. Rinse with clean running water
4. Dry the hands in the air or use clean towel
5. If the brush is available, scrub the finger nails
A. 1,2,3,4 and 5. D. 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1
B. 2, 1, 5, 3 and 4 E. 2, 3, 1, 5 and 4
C. 3, 1, 2, 4 and 5
(xvi) Situations, activities or incidents that indicate the possibility that pathogenic microorganisms are present
on fingers, hands and nail surfaces is technically called
A. Critical situations D. Cleanliness situations
B. Safety situations E. Dangerous situations
C. Precaution situations
(xvii) It is not advisable to share a face towel because some diseases can be transmitted in this way. Such dis-
eases include:
A. Candidiasis and eye blindness D. Short sight and cataract
B. Trachoma and plague E. Syphilis and diarrhoea
C. Conjunctivitis and trachoma
(xviii) The most important area to keep in face hygiene is
A. Mouth D. Eye
B. Nose E. Face
C. Ear

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2
(xix)PageWhy
3 of 4is it normal for every one of us to see accumulated dry substances around the eye every morning?
A. The eye discharges protective fluid that solidifies
B. It is the sign of infected eye
C. It is for people not washing their faces at night
D. It is an indicator of poor face hygiene
E. Solid substances are produced when one delays to sleep
(xx) It is not advised to share finger nails because
A. It is easy to transmit HIV even without fluid contact
B. Diseases such as fungal infections can be transmitted
C. It is easy to get communicable diseases
D. Hepatitis and diabetes can be transmitted between people
E. It is a main route for diarrhoea
(xxi) What is the importance of wax produced in the ear?
A. Trap dust and particles C. It is an indicator of poor personal hy-
B. Reduces very high pitched sound giene
from damaging the ear D. Cleans the ear
E. Makes the ear stable and attractive
(xxii) We can clean the ear by
A. Soft clean cloth daily D. Using large fingers carefully
B. Special sticks and safety pins daily E. Blowing air into the ear to remove dirt
C. Clean water and soap daily
(xxiii) A dead skin on the scalp that comes off in tiny flakes when sebaceous glands produce too much oil and
accumulate on the scalp is called
A. Dandruff D. Ring worm
B. Tinea capitis E. Scab
C. Pediculus humanus capitis
(xxiv) Which of the following are pathogens of the hair
A. Dandruff D. Ring worm
B. Tinea capitis E. Scab
C. Pediculus humanus capitis
(xxv) What causes sweat on the feet skin to produce unpleasant odour (smell)?
A. Bacteria that decomposes sweat D. Giving out much sweat than normal
B. Failure to take bath regularly E. Eating some food that bring about
C. Nature of the skin smelling
(xxvi) The best way to clean armpit and the bottom is
A. Applying deodorant to reduce bad D. Wearing cotton made clothes to
smell absorb sweat
B. Taking bath with soap and clean water E. Using special tissue made of nylon for
daily scrubbing
C. Shaving the armpit hairs only
(xxvii) Which of the following is not among the basic facts on menstrual hygiene?
A. Vagina is able to clean itself, so no special care is needed
B. Washing outer genitalia with clean water is must be done daily
C. Change of tampons and sanitary napkins or pads should be done regularly
D. Always hands should be washed after handling tampons
E. Special soaps and antiseptic should be used for cleaning the vagina
(xxviii) The following is not among the factors leading to frequent diarrhoea in a given place
A. Poor personal hygiene practice D. Unsafe water source is in use
B. Lack of adequate water for hand E. People are eating local food that bring
washing problems
C. Open defaecation

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3
 (xxix)
PageSelect
4 of 4 the wrong answer among the critical situations in hand hygiene
A. After eating food
B. After using toilet
C. After cleaning a child’s bottom
D. Before preparing or handling cooked/ready to eat food
E. Before eating food or feeding children

(xxx) The promotion of personal hygiene aims at

A. Changing behaviour of people D. Preparing young people to medical field
B. Creating a class of civilized people E. Bringing respect among educated people
C. Adopting foreign culture

2. (a) Define the term adolescence

(b) List down exclusive changes which occur at puberty for girls.
(c) Outline the changes which occur to boys only during puberty.
(d) Which changes occur to both boys and girls at puberty?

3. (a) State five principles of good manners.

(b) Write down five principles of personal hygiene.
(c) Briefly state the importance of good personal hygiene and good manners.
(d) List down four examples of poor personal hygiene.
(e) Give out examples of bad manners among adolescents.

4. (a) Explain five measures of maintaining personal hygiene at puberty

(b) Outline examples of practices as good manners to young boys and girls at puberty.
(c) Name key words that one should use when
(i) Requesting for something
(ii) Allowed to do something or given something
(iii) Meeting a visitor at your school
(d) What are the good manners to consider when doing conversations? Give six points.

5. (a) State emotional changes occurring to adolescents at puberty.

(b) Outline principles of good manners when eating.
(c) Define risk behaviour and situation.
(d) Give examples of risk behaviours.
6. (a) Differentiate between the following terms:
(i) Sexual assault and sexual harassment
(ii) Sexual abuse and rape

(b) (i) Define assertiveness.

(ii) State five assertive characteristics.
(iii) Explain the importance of assertiveness to adolescents.
(c) Write an essay on RAPE using the guidelines below:

 meaning of rape
 causes of rape
 how to avoid/prevent rape in the society

7. Discuss the factors which contribute to risk behaviours among young people in the society and their consequences

8. Write an essay on delaying sex using the following guidelines:

 meaning
 reasons for delaying sex
 guidelines to help delaying sex
 importance/advantages of delaying sex during adolescence
 Effects of not delaying sex at early stage of life.

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4
Page 1 of 7

OMEGA SECONDARY SCHOOL

FORM TWO HOLIDAY PACKAGE -APRIL 2020 SET 03
BIOLOGY

Answer all questions.

1. A mode of nutrition that involves taking complex food materials obtained from plants and animals is
called ___________________________
2. Name the biological method of food preservation when preserving meat as described below:-
(i) Removes/absorbs water by osmosis from the micro-organism cells which then die due to
dehydration. Meat also becomes dehydrated and thus unsuitable for microbial growth
_____________________________________________
(ii) Low temperature renders the micro-organisms inactive (enzymes do not work at low
temperatures/ enzymes becomes inactive) ___________________________________________
(iii) Boiling kills all micro-organisms in the food; sealing under pressure excludes all micro-
organisms and ensures that no growth takes place ______________________________________
3. Animals that hunts, kills and eat other animals are called ___________________________________
4. Animals that are sources of food for predators are called____________________________________
5. A feeding relationship between two organisms of different species from which both benefit is called
________________________________________
6. A feeding relationship in which one living organism feeds on another living organism and has a
harmful effect on it is called _______________________________
7. The feeding in which organisms obtain nutrients from dead organic matter and cause decomposition
is called ___________________________________________
8. The nutrition where solid complex substances are ingested, digested and assimilated in the body is
called ____________________________________________
9. The physical association between organisms of different species is called _____________________
10. Teeth of the same sizes and shapes are called ____________________________________________
11. Teeth of different sizes and shapes are called ____________________________________________
12. The description of types of teeth, their arrangement and specialization is called __________________
13. The number, type and type of teeth in the jaws of mammals is called __________________________
14. ____________________________________ determines the mode of feeding of an animal which may
be herbivores, carnivores or omnivores.
15. Identify the kind of teeth described below:
(i) Chisel shaped and closely fitted to seize the prey/grip and strip flesh from bones _____________
(ii) Small and sharp edged to crush bones _______________________________________________
(iii) Have smooth sides and sharp edges to slice through flesh and crush bones __________________
(iv) The first set of teeth to be produced which are normally 20 in number in human beings ________
(v) Teeth which replace the milk teeth and are said to be 32 in number in adults ________________
16. Organism that make their own food from simple inorganic substances are called _________________
17. The process by which organisms with chlorophyll manufacture their own food from simple inorganic
substances such as water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight energy is called ___________
18. A situation where a particular enzyme only act on a particular substrate is called ________________

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19. Inorganic non proteinous substances which activate enzymes are called _______________________
20. Organic
Page 2 of 7 non proteinous substances that work in association with particular enzymes are called
_______________________________
21. Substances that slow down the action of enzymes are called___________________________
22. The alimentary canal and associated organs such as the liver and pancreas forms a system called
_________________________________
23. Te presence of two sets of teeth in human being is called_________________________________
24. A structure that allows air to enter the trachea and prevent food from entering the wind pipe is called
_____________________________________
25. Lipase enzymes are mainly contained in digestive secretions called___________________________
26. A person who is admitted in the hospital after an operation will mostly be likely to be fed food rich in
___________________________
27. During digestion food is said to be :
(i) Alkaline in the mouth because of the presence of _____________________________________
(ii) Acidic in the stomach because of the presence of ______________________________________
(iii) Alkaline in the ileum because of the presence of _______________________________________
28. The digestive juice produced by the liver is called ____________________________________
29. The main product of photosynthesis process is _______________________________________
30. The process whereby complex organic food substance is broken down into simpler inorganic
substances that are soluble and absorbable by the body is called _____________________________
31. The state of poor health caused by lack of sufficient food, lack of balanced diet, taking too much of
the required food substances or a condition which prevents the body from absorbing or using nutrients
properly is called _______________________________________
32. Any of the nutrient related conditions of the body that results from either taking too much of the food
nutrients required by the body (over feeding) or poor diet is called ___________________________
33. A condition of being very over weight, often because of eating too much carbohydrates and fat is
called ______________________________________________
34. A kind of malnutrition in which a child lacks enough carbohydrates and proteins leading to eight
loss, stunted growth, extreme hunger and inactivity is called ________________________________
35. Night blindness can be prevented in human body by eating _________________________________
36. The digestive juice secreted by the stomach is called _______________________________________
37. A substance which kills bacteria brought in with food found in the juice present in the stomach is
called _________________________________
38. The function of sunlight energy in the human skin is to stimulate the synthesis of vitamin _________
39. Rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the alimentary canal muscles to facilitate movement of
food down the gut for digestion, absorption and egestion is called ____________________________
40. If peristalsis stops an animal will face a problem called _____________________________________
41. Food containing fibre that improve peristalsis is called _____________________________________
42. Part of the leaf that distribute water and mineral salts as well as transporting manufactured food
substances from the leaf to other parts of the plant is called __________________________________
43. Green pigments in plant leaf which trap/ absorb sunlight energy are called ______________________
44. A flat and thin surface of the leaf that ensure that chloroplasts are exposed to more light and increase
absorption of sunlight is called ________________________________
45. The part of the leaf that holds the leaf in a better position to absorb sunlight energy is called _______
46. Name the necessary condition of photosynthesis which:
(i) Split up by sunlight during photolysis to produce hydrogen ions that combine with carbon dioxide
to form carbohydrates___________________________________
(ii) Trap sunlight energy which is then converted into chemical energy ________________________

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 (iii) Break down / split up water to release oxygen and hydrogen ions that are needed for the
Page 3 offormation
7 of carbohydrates _______________________________________
(iv) Combine with hydrogen ions to produce carbohydrates and water ________________________
47. The raw materials of photosynthesis are ___________________________ and __________________
48. The main product of photosynthesis is __________________________ while the by-products of
photosynthesis are ____________________________ and __________________________________
49. The stage of photosynthesis in which sunlight energy splits up water molecules into hydrogen ions
and oxygen is called___________________________________________
50. The process of splitting water molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen by sunlight energy is called
______________________________
51. Three products of light reaction of photosynthesis are ______________, ____________________
and ________________ Sun light
52. Complete the following equation 2H2O + 4H+ + ____________ +4e-. This process is
called _________________________ and occurs in the ____________________ of chloroplast.
53. The reaction of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide combine with hydrogen ions by the help of
ATP to form simple carbohydrates and water is called _________________________________

6CO +24H+ A + B substance A is called _______________ and B is________________

54. 2
Aa
55. The above reaction shows a chemical reaction called _______________________________________
56. The only biological process on earth that adds oxygen to the atmosphere is called ________________
57. Name the internal parts of a leaf with respect to the following description:
(i) Impervious, tough, shiny and transparent structure which reduce excessive loss of water by
evaporation, protect the leaf from mechanical damage and entry of disease causing
microorganisms, reflects light to prevent over heating of the leaf and allows most of light to pass
through ____________________________
(ii) Creates large intercellular air spaces to allow efficient diffusion of gases and water vapour
between the leaf and the atmosphere because of loose attachment ________________________
(iii) Contains numerous chloroplasts capable of moving within the cytoplasm __________________
(iv) Stores air __________________________
(v) A major site through which water is lost from a plant to the atmosphere and also a site for
gaseous exchange between the air space inside the leaf and the atmosphere _________________
58. Three main classes of food that must be digested before they can be absorbed because they are
composed of large complex molecules which cannot pass through the plasma membrane of animal
cells are ____________________, ___________________________ and _____________________
59. The component of gastric juice which changes caseinogen into casein is called __________________
60. Name the cause of each of the following deficiency effects as found to some people or other animals:
(i) Improper and incomplete development of teeth and bones of the legs and arms _____________
(ii) Lack of resistance to diseases, retarded growth, dry skin and inability to see at night but no
nervous disorders _______________________________________________________
(iii) Pains in muscles and joints, loss of weight, progressive haemorrhages including gum bleeding
___________________________________________________________
(iv) Inflammation of nerves leading to muscular weakness, paralysis, loss of sensation, mental
deficiency and poor health __________________________________________________
(v) Male rats fails to produce fertile sperms and female rats may abort or give birth to dead offspring
______________________________________________________________
61. A protein substance which catalyse a biological reactions is called ___________________________
62. The blood vessel carrying blood rich in end product of digestion from the small intestine to the liver
is called__________________________________________________________

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63. Finger like projections present in the ileum that increase surface area for absorption are called ______
64. The
Page 4 of structure
7 responsible for storage of food in onion plant is called _________________________
65. In the villus, the structure responsible for absorption of end products of digestion of lipids and their
carriage is called _________________________________________
66. Complete the table below
Element Source Role Deficiency

Phosphates (PO4 3-) Synthesis of protein,

nucleic acid and ATP
Nitrogen ______________ and Synthesis of protein, Stunted growth and
__________________ nucleic acid and chlorosis
chlorophyll
Formation of middle Stunted growth
lamella of cell wall
Iron Chlorophyll synthesis Strong chlorosis
particularly in young
leaves.

67. The following are protein digesting enzymes in human gut. Complete the table below to each
enzyme:
Enzyme Site of production Substrate End product

Pepsin Gastric glands in the Peptide

stomach
Trypsin Pancreatic gland Protein

Erepsin (peptidase) Intestinal gland Peptide

(Brunner’s gland and
Crypt of Lieberkuhn)
68. Rennet tablets are extracted from calf gastric mucosa and used to coagulate milk into curd. However
gastric mucosa of an adult cow and humans never coagulate milk because do not secrete __________
69. The part in human alimentary canal where digestion of starch starts is called
_____________________ while absorption of end products of digestion occurs in the ____________
70. Three common local methods of preserving food in Tanzania are drying on the sun or over open fire,
______________________________ and ______________________________________________
71. The food substance which contain elements, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen is called
___________________________
72. The part of cassava which is modified for storage of food is called ____________________________
73. The human body makes vitamin _____________ for itself.
74. A fluid which contains starch digesting enzyme, enables talking, and dissolves chemicals and make
them reach the taste buds of the tongue is called __________________________________________
75. Feeding on a diet consisting of polished rice results into ____________________________________
76. People who live in cold climates are usually advised to feed on food rich in _____________________
77. Most of iron supplied to the body through food consumed by humans is mostly used for the formation
of ____________________________
78. Utilization of digested products is technically known as ____________________________________
79. Severe deficiency of iodine in human causes _____________________________________________
80. Human lacteal contain a fluid called ____________________________________________________

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81. An example of carnivorous plant is _____________________________________________________
82. A5chemical
Page of 7 reaction in which large molecules are broken down by the addition of water is called
____________________________________
83. Variegated leaf is used to test ______________________________________________
84. Surgical removal of the stomach cannot be fatal to human beings because digestion of __________
can also be done by duodenum and produce the same product.
85. Animals cannot survive without plants because plants are the primary source of ________________
86. A person recovering from malaria is advised to feed on food rich in __________________________
87. A passage of food from the mouth to the stomach is called __________________________________
88. An organ that temporarily sore food and mixing the food with gastric juice is called ______________
89. An organ that secrets pancreatic juice is called ____________________________________________
90. Elimination of undigested food material from the body is called ______________________________
91. A meal which contains all nutritional food substances in their correct amount and proportion is called
_____________________________________________________
92. A plant may fail to produce chlorophyll because of lack of iron, magnesium, nitrogen , genetical
mutation or absence of ____________________________________
Sun light
93. 6CO2 + 6H2O + C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chlorophyll
(i) The equation above represents a traditional equation of the process called__________
(ii) The equation is not correct because it does not show the by product called_________
(iii) The above equation is incorrect as it assumes that water comes from ____________
and ________________________ or from carbon dioxide alone.
(iv) Scientific proof shows that water comes __________________ only.
(v) A correct equation shows that there are ________________ molecules of water and
_____________ molecules of _________________ and ______________________
94. Photosynthesis is different from respiration because: (i) During photosynthesis Carbon
dioxide is used while in respiration carbon dioxide is _______________ (ii) In
photosynthesis oxygen is _________________ while during respiration oxygen is ________
(iii) Energy is ______________ during photosynthesis while in respiration energy is_______
(iv) Photosynthesis occurs in the presence of sunlight while respiration occurs either in the
___________ or _____________of light.
95. The most abundant compound in a living cell is __________________________
96. Digestion in animals and saprophytes is similar because it is said to be __________________
97. The teeth that assist a lion to tear its prey are ______________________________________
98. The main form of by which the product of photosynthesis transported from the leaves to
other parts of the plant is _____________________________________________________
99. Glucose is known as a reducing sugar because it reduces _____________________________
to ________________________________________________________________________
100. Man does not use proteins as a source of energy because the process of oxidizing proteins
is too long as they have to be converted to carbohydrates before they are oxidized while
carbohydrates are oxidized straight away. Also proteins are required for body
_________________ and ____________________________
101. Animals usually have large fat reserves because oxidation of fats produces almost
_______________ as much energy as other food stuffs. Only a small amount of fat is

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 oxidized to meet the body’s demand and hence the amount of fat that remains for storage is
Page 6relatively
of 7 large.
102. Chyme in the stomach is acidic but when it is in the small intestine is said to be alkaline
because chyme in the stomach mixes with gastric juice which contains
_________________________________ that makes it acidic while when chyme enters the
duodenum it mixes with _____________ from the liver and pancreatic juice which makes
chyme alkaline.
103. Peristaltic movements in the alimentary canal have two main functions which are; pushing
food along the alimentary canal and _______________________ food.
104. Example of food substances absorbed in the villi are glucose, galactose, fructose, amino
acids, fatty acids and ____________________
105. The tongue help to roll food into structure called ____________________________
106. Carbohydrate that gives negative results with Benedict’s solution is _________________
____________________________________
107. Ruminants have chambers of the stomach namely; ______________ which is a book like
structure that remove water from the food, _____________________ which is a site of
cellulose digestion due to the presence of bacteria in it, _________________ that is a site
for absorption of water and mixing food as well as ___________________which is the site
of protein digestion and killing of micro- organism is done here.
108. Ptyalin is an enzyme found in the fluid called _________________________________
109. The mineral that helps in the formation of bones and clotting of blood is _______________
110. The tissue which transports food in plants is called ______________________________
111. Animal starch is known as __________________________________________________
112. There are various tubes in human beings. They include: __________________________
which leads from the gall bladder to the duodenum and __________________________
which leads from the pancreas to the duodenum.
113. A structure which absorbs water in human alimentary canal is _______________________
114. Three types of carbohydrates are ________________, _______________________ and
_____________________________________________
115. A reagent used to test the presence of lipids in a given food sample is _________________
116. Food substance giving positive test with Benedict’s solution is _______________________
117. Obesity is regarded as one of the types of malnutrition because it results from eating
__________________________ amount of food needed by the body.
118. The functionless structure in man is ___________________________________________
119. Food substance which when tested with iodine a blue- black colour is formed is known as
__________________________________________
120. The role of the mucus in the human gut is to lubricate food and prevent digestion of the gut
wall by _____________________enzymes.
121. The following features apply to certain mode of feeding. Name them
(i) Absence of incisors and canines on upper jaw but a diastema is present.
______________________________________
(ii) Presence of long, curved and sharp canines and the carnassials teeth
______________________________________
122. Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow:

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Page 7 of 7

Fig 1 Fig 2

Fig 3 Fig 4

(a) Name parts labelled (i) – (vi) in figure 1.

(i) ______________________________________________
(ii) ______________________________________________
(iii) ______________________________________________
(iv) ______________________________________________
(v) ______________________________________________
(vi) ______________________________________________
(b) What does the diagram show? _____________________________________________________
(c) Name one organism with such parts.________________________________________________
(d) What does Fig 2 represent?________________________________________________________
(e) Name parts P –U
P_____________________________________________________
Q_____________________________________________________
R_____________________________________________________
S_____________________________________________________
T______________________________________________________
U_____________________________________________________
(f) Label all the parts in Fig 3 by their correct names.
A. _______________________________________________
B. _______________________________________________
C. ________________________________________________
D. ________________________________________________
E. ________________________________________________
(g) Name the secretion present in structure B and that secreted by D.
B______________________________________________________
D______________________________________________________
(h) Label by names parts labelled A-D in figure 4.
A. _________________________________________________
B. _________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________
D. __________________________________________________
(i) What type of dentition is exhibited by organism in fig 4?
______________________________________________________________________________

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Page 1 of 6

OMEGA SECONDARY SCHOOL

FORM TWO HOLIDAY PACKAGE 2020
BIOLOGY SET 04

Instruction:
 This paper consists of sections A, B and C.
 Answer ALL questions in section A and B and ONE question from section C.
 Draw using a sharp pencil and write in ink.
 Be neat and brief but precise.

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

1. Choose the most correct answer among the given alternatives and write their
answer in the space provided.
(i) In Biology experiments are used to test:
A. Facts C. Laws
B. Hypotheses D. Problems
(ii) The basic importance of all laboratory rules is to:
A. Avoid dirt in the laboratory
B. Prevent students from entering the laboratory
C. Reduce accidents in the laboratory
D. Reduce the use of chemicals in the laboratory
(iii) The victim of shock can be saved from danger of death by giving one of
the following First Aid:
A. Pouring a lot of water over the victim
B. Pulling the victim away by hands
C. Removing the victim from the current by using a metallic object
D. Turning off the source of electricity
(iv) Which of the following are communicable diseases?
A. Cancer, gonorrhea and syphilis
B. Cholera, gonorrhea and syphilis
C. Cholera, kwashiorkor and Marasmus
D. Cholera, Marasmus and rickets
(v) Juma picked up a telephone after hearing it ringing. Which
characteristics did Juma exhibit?
A. Respiration and C. Irritability and
growth movement
B. Response and D. excretion and
irritability reproduction
(vi) Which of the following is the risk behaviour?
A. Hard working C. Drug use and abuse
B. Being patient D. Respecting people
(vii) An object to be under the microscope is placed on the:
A. Base C. Mirror
B. Eye piece D. Stage
(viii) The concept of health implies ……………………health:
A. Physical, mental C. Physical, mental and
and family social
B. Physical, mental D. Physical, mental and
and sexual reproductive
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Page 2 of 6
(ix) An unexpected event resulting from carelessness, unawareness and
ignorance is:
A. Accident C. Poisoning
B. Bad luck D. Safety
(x) The chemical substance present in chloroplasts is called:
A. Cellulose C. Chlorophyll
B. Starch D. Protein
2. Write TRUE for correct statement and FALSE for an incorrect statement.

(i) Xylem tissue transport water and mineral salts to the leaves ………………………….
(ii) Hygiene is among the measures to control harmful bacteria…….………………………
(iii) The scientific name of a housefly is correctly written as Musca domestica…………..
(iv) Bacteria uses mitochondria as site for respiration…………………………………………
(v) Natural classification considers few observable features…………………………………
(vi) The study of classifying organisms into taxa is called systematics…………………….
(vii) The first part of a scientific name is species written in all small letters……………..
(viii) The taxon with organisms having many related features is the species……………..
(ix) Locomotion is a characteristic of all higher organisms …………………………………
(x) Mitochondrion is a part of the cell where respiration takes place…………………….
3. Match the phrase or term in List A with that in List B by writing its letter against the
appropriate position:
LIST A:

(i) Immunity that develops as a result of the body making antibodies against
pathogens
(ii) Is an endemic disease.
(iii) Structures found in epithelial cells to increase surface area for absorption.
(iv) The cell which move and feed like amoeba.
(v) The material inside the nucleus.
(vi) Single celled organism.
(vii) A tentative explanation during scientific research.
(viii) A large fluid filled organelle in the middle of the plant cell.
(ix) Young ladies wearing very short and light clothes.
(x) A protective device for STDs and unwanted pregnancies.
LIST B:
A. Risk behaviour J. Passive immunity
B. Good manners K. Red blood cell
C. Malaria L. White blood cell
D. Rift valley fever M. Vacuole
E. Condom N. Nucleus
F. Contraceptive pills O. Villus
G. Yeast P. Goblet cell
H. Human being Q. Hypothesis
I. Active immunity
R. Experimentation T. Cytoplasm
S. Nucleoplasm

LISTA (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)

LIST B

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 Page 3 of 6
SECTION B: (50 marks)
Answer ALL questions from this section.
4. (a) (i) What is classification?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the two types of classification.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Write down the importance of classification of living things (2 points)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Define the term Binomial nomenclature.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Arrange the seven ranks of Taxonomy, starting from the highest to the lowest.
(i) ………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)…………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv)…………………………………………………………………………………………
(v)………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vi)…………………………………………………………………………………………
(vii)………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Define the term “agent of disease”.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Name the agent for each of the following diseases:
Disease Agent
(i) Common cold
(ii) Cholera
(iii) Dysentery
(iv) Bilharzias

(e) List down two common accidents which occur at home and in schools.
(i) …………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. (a) What is meant by the term food nutrient?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Page 4 of 6

(b) Complete the table below:

Food substance lacking in diet Deficiency disease

(i) Calcium in children ……………………………………………………………

(ii) ……………………… Night blindness

(iii) Vitamin B1 C ……………………………………………………………

(iv) Iodine ……………………………………………………………

(v) Iron ……………………………………………………………

(vi) …………………………… Pellagra

(vii) Vitamin D ……………………………………………………………

(c) Name three elements which form carbohydrates.

(i) …………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) …………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Study the following diagram representing a feeding relationship in a given ecosystem.

Lizard

Predatory bug
Praying mantis

Grass hopper Herbivorous bug

Moth

Plant

(a) What is the name of the feeding relationship represented above?

(b) Which organism is the primary source of energy?

(c) What does the sequence Plant Moth Lizard represent?

(d) Which organisms are:

(i) Primary consumers?

(ii) Secondary consumers?

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 (b)Page
What5 of is
6 a First Aid kit?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) List down four components of First Aid kit.
(i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. (a) (i) What do you understand by the term nutrition.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State two differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition
Autotrophic nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition
(i)

(ii)

8. Consider the following Organisms found in a certain dam:

Number of organism Estimated number
Microscopic plants 435000
Small fishes 120
Mosquito larvae 4100
Crocodiles 12
Large fishes 80

(a) Which of the above organisms are called:

(i) Producers? ______________________________________________________

(ii) Primary consumers? _______________________________________________
(iii) Consumers of the last order? _______________________________________
(b) Draw a food web to show energy flow among organisms in the dam.

9. (a) (i) Draw a well labelled diagram of a plant cell.

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 (ii) Page
Mention
6 of 6 one disadvantage of Mucor, yeast and Vibrio cholerae .

 Mucor …………………………………………………………………………………………

 Yeast…………………………………………………………………………………………
…
 Vibrato cholerae………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the economic importance of amoeba

(i) ………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
(ii) ………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION C:
. Answer ALL questions from this section

10. Write an essay on AIDS using the following guidelines:

• Meaning of AIDS
• Cause of AIDS
• Where the causative agent are found in an infected victim
• Transmission of the disease
• Prevention of the disease
• Treatment of the disease
(b)

11. Write an essay on how producers, consumers and decomposers are related in
ecosystem.

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Page 1 of 5

OMEGA SECONDARY SCHOOL

FORM TWO HOLIDAY HOMEWORK SET 05
TOPIC: CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer all questions.
2. Be precise and clear.
3. Write ALL your answers in the HOMEWORK BOOK.

1. Name the organelle that performs each of the following functions in a cell. (2 marks)
(i) Proteins synthesis
(ii) Transport of cell secretions
2. (a) State two functions of cell sap (2 marks)
(b) Name the organelle which contains cell sap.
3. State the functions of the following cell organelles

(i) Nucleus of the cell (five functions)

(ii) Cell wall (four functions)
4. Which organelle would be abundant in:
(i) Skeletal muscle cell
(ii) Palisade cell
5. State the function of the organelles:
(i) Cell membrane (1 marks)

(ii) Vacuole (2 marks)

6. The diagram below represents a cell.

(a) Name the parts labelled X and Y (2 marks)

(b) Suggest why the structures labelled X would be more on one side than the other.
7. a) State the functions of cristae in mitochondria.

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 b) The diagram below represents a cell organelle.
Page 2 of 5

(i) Name the part labelled Y. (1 mark)

(ii) State the functions of the part labelled X. (1 mark)

8. (a) What is the formula for calculating linear magnification of a specimen when

using a hand lens? (1 mark)

(b) Give a reason why staining is necessary when preparing specimens for
observation under the microscope (1 mark)

9. State three functions of Golgi apparatus (3 marks)

10. State two functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (2 marks)
11. State the function of the following cell organelles
(i) Ribosome (1 mark)
(ii) Lysosome (1 mark)

12. Name the type of movement that occurs within a plant cell (1 mark)

13. How are the mitochondria adapted to their functions? (2 marks)

14. State two ways in which chloroplasts are adapted to their functions. (2 marks)

15. The figure below is a fine structure of a generalised animal cell as seen under an electron
microscope.

(i) Name the parts labelled A and B (2 marks)

(ii) How is the structure labelled A adapted to its functions (2 marks)

17. What is the function of contractile vacuoles in amoeba? (1 mark

18. Name the organelle that is involved in each of the following: (2 marks)
(i) Manufacture of lipids
(ii) Formation of Lysosomes

19. (a) Define the term cell.

(b) Give the name of organisms that are composed of
(i) A single cell
(ii) Many cells

20. With the help of well labelled diagrams, explain how the following cells are adapted to their
functions:
2

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Page 3 of 5 (i) Root hair cells (iv) Red blood cell
(ii) Sperm cell (v) White blood cell
(iii) Guard cell

21. (a) Define the term tissue

(b) Describe the following tissues and state the function of each.
S/No. Tissue Description Function

(i) Epithelial tissue

(ii) Skeletal tissue

(iii) Connective tissue

(iv) Vascular bundle

(conducting tissue)
(v) Leaf epidermal tissue

(vi) Palisade tissue

(vii) Parenchyma tissue

22. (a) Explain what is meant by an organ system.

(b) List six examples of organ system.
23. Name three organelles that are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells.
24. (a) Give four structural similarities between animal and plant cells.
(b) State five differences between animal and plant cell.
25. (a) Define the term cell organelle.
(b) Give four examples of cell organelles.
26. (a) State four points of cell theory.
(b) State three advantages of the presence of a membrane bound organelles.
27. (a) Why do nerve cells contain large number of mitochondria?
(b) Cells are classified as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Write down four differences between
prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.
(c) Give two examples of:
(i) Prokaryotic cells
(ii) Eukaryotic cells.
28. (a) Name the tissue shown below
(b) Name parts labelled A-D.

A
B
C
D

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Page29.
4 ofStudy
5 the figure below and answer the questions that follow:

B
E
C

(a) Identify structures labelled A-D

(b) If this was a mature cell from inside of a plant stem, what additional structures would you
expect to see?
(c) If the magnification of this cell is X 9000, calculate the actual diameter of the cell between
points K and L.
(d) Name one structure that is found in ALL cells.

30. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:

F A

E
B

D
C

(i) Name cells A-E

(ii) State the function of cells A, B, C, D and G
(iii) Name the chemical substance present in F and state its function.

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Page31.
5 ofCopy
5 and complete the sentences below by filling in the gaps correctly. It is all about how a typical
cell is organized as a functional basic unit of life.
(a) _____________________ and ______________________in protozoa are used for locomotion

and creating water current for feeding.

(b) ________________in unicellular organisms are used in food digestion.

(c) ____________ in fresh water protozoan get rid of excess water /osmoregulation.

(d) ____________has nuclear membrane which posses pore to allow movement of materials in and

out of it and enclose other contents. ______________ deals with synthesis of RNA,

_______________and ________________in this structure contains information for different

traits and initiate/control protein synthesis respectively. _____________ carry genes and DNA.

(e) ___________________ control cell activities.

(f) _________________in plant cells contains dissolved salts and sugars which exert osmotic

pressure hence draw in water by osmosis to keep cells turgid/ maintain the cell shape.

(g) ________________allow package of synthesized proteins.

(h) _______________ in green plants contains chlorophyll which traps sunlight energy for

photosynthesis/ provide site for photosynthesis.

(i) _______________ are sites for protein synthesis.

(j) _________________ in animal cells forms spindle fibres which hold chromatids during cell

division (mitosis and meiosis). They also form cilia and flagella.

(k) _____________ provide site for manufacturing and transporting lipids.

(l) _____________ offers the surface for attachment of ribosomes and also transport proteins.

(m) ________________ contain enzymes which destroy worn out tissues, damaged cells and

unwanted foreign materials.

(n) ________________ provide the site for cellular respiration i.e. energy production.

(o) ________________ contain enzymes which regulate various life processes.

(p) _________________ in plant cells is rigid hence maintain the shape of the cell and exert wall

pressure to resist swelling due to turgor pressure.

(q) ________________ selectively allows movements of substances in and out of the cell contents.

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