Research Methods:
Week #1:
Ethnology
Scientific research
Literature review:
Hypothesis
APA style. American psychological association
Scientifically proven
Biases: Robert’s cave experiment
Steps of scientific research ( ref. Gliner, Morgan and Leech)
1- Problem definition(definite aim, purpose, general objective of the research)
2- Literature review
3- Hypothesis and research questions
4- Research design
5- Data collection method
6- The approval by the ethics committee (consists of human rights)
7- Data analysis
First of all approval by the ethics committee, data collection -- that is rule (true)
8- Reporting
9- Publish
Ref: uma Sekaran *******
“hypothetical deductive method = hypothetico – deduticve method”
1- Observation
2- Collecting preliminary data
3- Theory formulation
4- Hypothesis development
5- Scientific data collection
6- Data analysis
7- Deduction ( tümden gelim)
Characteristics of scientific Research ( ref. Uma Sekaran )
1- Parsimony (= simplicity)
2- Objectivity
3- Replicability
4- Purposiveness
5- Rigor (scientific rigor) = following rules, carefulness, good theoretical base and a sound
methodological rsch
6- Testability
7- Generalizability
8- Precision and confidence
a. Confidence interval 95% , 5 % possibility
“Social desirability problem”
Week #2:
4 aims of psychology research:
1- Description
2- Estimation
3- Explanation
4- Application ( uygulama )
Different types of research:
Theoretical research :
1- basic research ( Temel araştırma) seeks to discover basic truths or principles ( boyle’s Law,
newton’s law, etc)
2- Applied Research( uygulamalı)
B: 1- case studies 2-action studies
C: 1- qualitative research ( hyper research, nvivo, atlasti,maxgada) interviews, surverys,
observations
2- quantitative research ( SRSS, AMOS, Excel) fiziksel olarak ölçülebilen data
Technology of research:
Internet ( between ) , intranet ( within ) , browsers ( websites)
Plagiarism
Homework – up in the air
Week #3:
Data collection methods:
1- Interviews
2- Questioners
3- Observation
a. Participant observations : Festinger, leon ) cognitive dissonance ( bilişsel çelişki )
Watch: dancing with the wolves
Literature review
Definition of the problem
Operational definition : The definitions by which you intend to measure the variables for data
collection.
Theoretical framework
Variables:
- Independent variable (what they are looking for)
- Dependent variable ( what changes occur)
- Intervening variable ( mediator)
- Moderating variable ( moderator)
- Control variable( ex: age, sex, education, etc)
Ref: Uma Sekaran
Workforce diversity ( IV)---> creative synergy ( intervening variable) - organizational
effectiveness (depen. variable)
4th week:
Formulation of Hypothesis: ( uma Sekaran)
1- If …………………., then ……………….” (most important part)
If workers are healthy, then they will live less
2- “……….. is/are greater, ……………… less “
More jobs stress, less ……”
3- “………………. Is more that / less than ……………….”
Females motivation are more than males motivation at the workplace
4- “ there is a relationship between ……. And ……….” ( age and job satisfaction)
5- “there is a difference between ……………and …………”
Hypothesis must be testable
Hypothesis must be falsifiable ( we can only prove our hypothesis until they are disapproved )
