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‫ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ دروس اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﯾﺎ‬
Transféré par Ahmed Rabii le Dec 07, 2013 Titre amélioré par l'IA 00:00 03:43

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 .  :         .  :
                                           ( )           
                                           
.                                                              
...                                                                         
   :                                                           
              ...                                          
.                 .             
                      .            Mounier             .        (18 17 - )
           .                             .                           
    .          .               . personnalisation                                    
 .                  . :         .                                       
.        ...                   .    
                     .                               /         
     :                                .  .         .                      
                                .                            .         
.                                .                        
                
            .                      .      .   
                  .             ...             . J. Lachelier 
.            .     :       
.        
                           .        J. Rawls .              
                        ...                                         .     
     ))                        .             – –    . .            
   "         ."       . :                         Schopenhauer 
     .        "                                   .                      . 
          : ( )             .                .                 .       
  :       .                .      .               .       
                    .        .            G. Gusdorf                 
            .                                                         .
.   .             . .               ..(      )      
         N. Malebranche                              – –                     Mounier  
                   . ...               .               .        :      . 
.              .                                      .          .   
      .           .             :          
.                       " "         ...   
.                                           ."  "    " "
                                 .             
    .              "      .        
                                     
.                            
()           M. Scheler  
        .                       
     .                            
.            ( )                
4 3 2 1
        
  .2             A. Kojève    
"   : 
                  .             ."               
                 .1                    ...              
"       -  -                             .         .               
  ( ...    )        "                                   ..
        .                                                            : 1
.                  .              .           .           
      (  )  " "                  .                      
     .                                                       .    .
"           "       .                     Comte .A          .      
.()                               . .
      :            Bernard .C            .                    
.       ----                     ...             
     -  –   Bachelad .G .    ( )   ----      .                             
                              ----            .           .    
       .           .   .                           
.      ( )                         ----  .                 .              
       .                   ,             
.      .             :                          .    ( / ) .       
             "          .                   ( )   
.                     .                    () .         , 
:    .    .          
 :                          R. Thom            .     .   
   .                                   .
                                                  2
                .      ( )      .                    
                        .                           
.                 ...                     
                  .             .         Kristeva .J  
                                
                                                 .
                .    .          
          .                      
  .               " "                
                     "    "    .      
             .     .
              
      .           
.    
                 
   .              
          .        
. .    
8 7 6 5

PUB Téléchargez pour lire sans publicit

   .3      .2      ‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ .1    ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
                                       
                    ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ط‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﻔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬         : " ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫"ا‬                        .3
                   ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ :                                                  ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬
                                                  " ‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫"ﺑ‬           
.          "  "   .                   "" ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
     " ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ ﺬ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ل ا‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ "   :     .                ;‫ج‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ا‬ .                          
                                "" ‫ك‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬        ‫ق‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ :G. Bachelard ‫ر‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫نﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏ‬                
.                  ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ :  – 1 : ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﻔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬‫ف‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
                    ‫ﺞ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬                 
.                 ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ت‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻣ‬ :  – 2 .                -‫ر‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫دﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ –   .     .                
           ‫ة‬ ‫ﺻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ) ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫)ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻏ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ها‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫إ‬ .                                 "         :‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬

Vous êtes en train de lire un aperçu

            ‫أ‬       .             :‫ج‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ا‬ .        "   
‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫فﻣ‬
                 ‫ة‬ ‫ﺻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬               #
                                    ;  #     "..        " ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
.                     .         Leibniz                    
                                          .                    "         
           ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻃ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪأ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫و‬                 .                             
                  
‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫و ﺗ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫إ‬              ‫ﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
                 ‫ع‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ "     " :           
                   
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           .        
.             
‫ر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬
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.‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ ذ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻛ‬

‫ﺻ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬

     ""                                                :  
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ ،‫ﻞ‬‫ﺑ‬ .                     "         .                            
                 "               "‫ﻚ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺬ‬ ‫ ﻛ‬               
                           :     ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﺖا‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬             
      .           
                   
                      
             " : ‫ر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬  
Transférer pour télécharger                 
.     
..      .       : ‫ﻼ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺑ‬    "                   "   
         .           "     
                :‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫إ‬                 :‫ر‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫نﺑ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻏ‬
              
                  
OU           :  " ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ء‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻧ‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ " 

                
             
    .             
‫ن‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬. ruptures     - ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ل ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻛ‬ –    
.      
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      .1 ‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬  
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺄ‬ ‫ﺔﻛ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ .2     .1 ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬           
                     .3      ‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬‫و‬ .        ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬ 
                 Alain ‫ن‬‫ﻻ‬‫أ‬            ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻄ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ Hobbes                       
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬ :               .    .           .                  M. Weber             . ‫ﺧ‬‫ﻵ‬‫ا‬       ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬‫و‬ . ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬                    ‫ب‬ ‫ﺣ‬" )             ?    ? ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬              . ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺧ‬                 
.                                  .(" ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬                   .‫ﻰ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
                                       .‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺑ‬ .             
.                                                   .          
                                   .    .                        .      
‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬        /            .                  P. Ricoeur   ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫أ‬                    
#  " ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣ‬ "                 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ذ‬ .    :         . ‫د‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ .‫ب‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺻ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬
:              :                                             .           
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺑ‬ ( ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫)=ا‬
 ‫ق‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺣ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺆ‬
      ."    "     ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫أ‬
            .                    
.                                                      .            
                   ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫د‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬ "              ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬              .. .             
"        ":      ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬                 "                .‫ة‬ ‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ #
                  )     " "      .     . ‫ت‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻠ‬
                  
                                 ." ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻨ‬‫"ﻣ‬    (      ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺻ‬ ‫ أ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺑ‬ J. Russ   ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﺗ‬             " ‫ﻣ‬‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬‫"ﺻ‬ ‫و‬ "" ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﻸ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
      )            ‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ﻼ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ذ‬‫و‬ "          " ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ أ‬               .‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ " ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫"ﺣ‬     " "     
(‫ﻂ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻛ‬ .          .    ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫"ﺗ‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬ .    ( ) ‫د‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻷ‬ .‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ .              
             :‫ر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬                 ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻓ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ : ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺬ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻠ‬‫"ﺳ‬ "                     :‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬
.                               ‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬    ‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ن إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻛ‬ .         ." ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ .     
‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬   # .(      ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻄ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫)ا‬    .2 ‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬  
    .3                 ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ك‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬       :          ‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺗ‬    ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬
                          ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ أ‬
                          Machiavel  
                      ." "       .      .                         .      
                 ،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫و‬ .      :                     .      ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ .         ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓ‬ ،‫ﻒ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
   .                 )                                .                     
                           .(‫ة‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬‫ة‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺄ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ﻲﺗ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ ، ‫ﺧ‬‫آ‬           .                    .   
              .              
. ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺄ‬ ‫ﺘ‬                     ()      .‫ه‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ذ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ﻦﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫س‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬
.                      :‫ر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬                                
              J. Rawls ‫ﺰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫أ‬ .         .‫ء‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ...‫ع‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬ ‫ ا‬
           .‫ق‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ﻰﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔو‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫د‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬   .         A. Touraine   
           .‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬       .       
              ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫و‬ .        .        
                                  
‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ " ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬ ‫إ‬ "            .‫ﻞ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬          .‫ة‬ ‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
.          " ‫ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫"ا‬                  . 
                    ...           
   . ‫د‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬           .. ‫ﻨ‬            
                               
Agora " "                        .      
                                
16 .    15 14 13 .‫ﻒ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬

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:  3.  ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ :  1.  ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ .3 ‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ة ا‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬ ‫ﺰ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ .1 ‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
  ‫ﻧ‬ ‫م‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻣ‬                            Durkheim  
                ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬                      .                         
           ‫ﺺ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬               .                            .      ‫ﻋ‬
                                                       .              
                   ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬   .                     " ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻵ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫"ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬            ...   .                  
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬    ‫ﻣ‬ .                  .                              ‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫و‬ .           
                  .         .       " ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋ‬‫و‬ " .     
.                         ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫أ‬    .            ‫ن‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻏ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫أ‬                 
‫ل‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺳ‬                       .                   .          :   .      .    
                  ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬                                         Hume    ،‫ﻖ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫و‬
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Vous êtes en train de lire un aperçu

     ‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ذ‬‫إ‬ ...            ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬            ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻢا‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬.           .       ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫أ‬ .(...   )      .   
          ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬‫ﻹ‬            .               .             .                
              .  ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻃ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬                 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬                  ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗ‬                 
                 ‫د‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬      . ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬                             .        
‫ض‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬
 .            ‫ﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬                   ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫و‬ .                                 : ‫ج‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬
.                              . ‫ن‬                  .. ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬                   
.       
‫ن‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬‫و‬، ‫ت‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬           ‫ه‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬‫و‬
           .     
.              .
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.     ‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ د‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ إ‬ ‫ و‬ ، ‫ ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺾ‬     ‫ل‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬
                 
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           .        
.   
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ﻲا‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬. 2 ‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
                
           . ‫ﻄ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋ‬‫و‬ ،‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫إ‬ ، ‫ ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ ا‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬ .‫ﺐ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬
:   
.                      ، ‫ ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬                  .             
            Arend t   .           ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ د‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫م‬‫أ‬    .              
        :   2.  ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬                   " ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ر‬ "‫ أ‬           :       
  ()     .                          . ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺋ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ د‬                    
             .  
            ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫إ‬
        :     .   ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
             
Transférer pour télécharger      ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬         ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺄ‬ ‫" ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫"ر‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬             ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ة‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬
      .          
.      
. ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ 
.                  .                          ، ‫ ﻚ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﺲ ذ‬  ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻋ‬‫و‬
: ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ة‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
:‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ .                                           .            . 
                         .                           " ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ "    .         .     
                  ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫م‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ﺣ‬     ‫ﻗ‬، ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ "      ‫د‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬        ." "            
                   ."                               ‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬     ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫"ا‬  . " ( ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫)ا‬              
.      .            - ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬ –  
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ع‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ ﻲ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻞا‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬             OU . ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ةﺗ‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬
:‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬
.          /    ‫ﺳ‬
                  
.               ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫سﺑ‬  ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫و‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ ت‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻲﺑ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬          ( ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻷ‬‫)ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ع‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
                        ‫إ‬ ، ‫ ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻄ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬‫م‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫"ا‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫و‬‫ر‬ . . "
          ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻒ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ ا‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ .       
‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻺ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬ – ‫ل‬‫و‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ –   superman" " . ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﻛ‬‫أ‬‫و‬   ( ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ )       ‫ه‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ﺐﻣ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫"ا‬ "
. ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ ﺬ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺈ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬   
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬ .       " ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬‫و‬‫"ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬     
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 " ‫ﺑ‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ "            
.            
       ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬     ‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻄ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬     
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬       ‫و‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬
:‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬

       ‫أ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ، ‫ ﻊ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻄ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ﺐﻣ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫"ا‬   "
.‫ت‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬
              ‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ " ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻏ‬ ‫ﺑ‬"
. ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻐ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ا‬
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
19 Commencez votre essai
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 ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ء‬‫و‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
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
:                      ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺨ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺸ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﺿ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
               "  "              ‫ا‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ د‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ " ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬ "                   ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬
.       ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ ﺋ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬   .‫ر‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ .          ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬    -            
               ‫أ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫"ا‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫"ﻏ‬ .      ‫س‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ، ‫ ة‬ ‫ د‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺄ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬   "" ‫ل‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫)ا‬      ] :     " ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬ " ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬                  .
. ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬     ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﺿ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺑ‬   
:               ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺺ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬   " ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ "                   (‫ﻊ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬      .         " ‫ﻧ‬‫أ‬     
              "" . ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ].             
.  ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬            ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺺ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬       " ‫ر‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫"ﻏ‬ ). ) ‫م‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻄ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫)ا‬        
          
       ‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬       " " .‫ﺲ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬                  ‫ﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﺸ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﺿ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
. ‫ء‬ ‫ ﻲ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬                      :   .(   )               ‫إ‬
:                  ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ " ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ . . "                     
              ‫ا‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ "  " .      
      )       
                        .( ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ... ،‫ن‬‫و‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬،‫ﺢ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ا‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺼ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬ )         ( ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ...
.   ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬               " "      
                 " " . ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻃ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻐ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬     .( ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ...     )        
‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬                   
- ‫أ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ :  
 ‫ة‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬                 ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫و‬ "  " ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬              . ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻈ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ 
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ . ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ إ‬                             .‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔا‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬
:                      " ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ . . " ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ . ‫ﻟ‬‫إ‬ ..                :           .      
         . ْَ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ و‬                   ،( ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻈ‬‫ﻧ‬‫أ‬ ) "  "            
        ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺑ‬ ، ‫ ع‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬    " " :              .                     
.                     ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫"ﻣ‬  " ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫و‬            .        .       -   -     ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ إ‬
.             ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬‫م‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫"ﺗ‬ " .                :    
:                  ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺄ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫"ﺗ‬  "             :       
                                 
                       .       ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬  
 :                 
              ‫أ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﻛ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ""               ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫"ا‬  " ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
. ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬    . ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺋ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ د‬     
               .‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ أ‬   
        ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ ا‬      ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ " ‫و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬ "        ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫أ‬       " ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻏ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫"أ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ﻃ‬      .            .              
.  ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ . ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬                   :  ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬:            ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬   
:     ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬   ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬                     ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫إ‬ .    
                     ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻈ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫)ا‬        ‫ء‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻈ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬‫د‬  " ‫ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫"ﻛ‬ ‫ﺟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ ء‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ ﺰ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬                   
  ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬   ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬    ).                     :     ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻄ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬
       ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ذ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ ﻠ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬   ‫و‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫"ا‬  "                ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫"ا‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫"ر‬              .   
. ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬   .   
       +
       :               +
       ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬       ‫ﻛ‬" ‫و‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬ "             . ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫أ‬ " "   ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
. ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ،   ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺸ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺛ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ د‬ ‫ أ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺜ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ و‬ ، ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ أ‬ ‫ و‬        ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫"ا‬  "     +
                :           +
. ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻖو‬
 ‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ .
:     ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬       ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬        ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬ " ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫"ﻏ‬     
    ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺛ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫نﻣ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫أ‬ ، ‫ ة‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬      .      ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻼ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
              ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ " "          .           ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ﻀ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ ﺿ‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬           ‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬        ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬ "  "      .          
‫ر‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺼ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻣ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺟ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻗ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻜ‬ ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﺠ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬         ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬ ‫ ﻹ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ " ‫ﺳ‬‫و‬‫ر‬ . . " . ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ ﻨ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﺒ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﻀ‬ ‫ ﺨ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬         ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫إ‬ .        
. ‫ق‬ ‫ ﻮ‬ ‫ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬                ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬ " ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫"ﻛ‬                 
:‫ﻖ‬ ‫ ﺤ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫ أ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ﺪ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ .            .       
       ‫ﻃ‬‫إ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺧ‬         " "   :      (    )   ‫ل‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ أ‬
.                      
24
              ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺘ‬ ‫ ﻟ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺳ‬ ‫"أ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫آ‬ " 23    21
.  22

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