PRACTICUM REPORT

FIELD NOTES

Name :
Roll Number :
Registration Number : Your registration number
Session : Spring 2021
Submission Date :
Submitted To :

Conducted At
School Name

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERISTY

DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS,
SIBLINGS AND MY TEACHERS OR
SUPERVISOR.

YOUR NAME WITH SIGNATURE ON TOP

i
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I want to thanks Allah Almighty for giving me knowledge and wisdom to pursue
career in the field of education. I am very much grateful to my Coordinator,
supervisor and resource persons who guided me for this practicum report. I am also
grateful to the Headmaster/Headmistress of the School to allow me to conduct six
weak teaching practice at her/his school.

YOUR NAME WITH SIGNATURE ON TOP

ii
 Executive Summary
This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the administration of a Government
school. This report consists overview of the Organization, field notes and action
plans. I have prepared this report by participating actively in a government school
administration for 6 weeks during my practicum sessions. I have analyzed and
evaluated the following important components of school administration and
management and I have given action plans to resolve problems in that components.
Financial management of schools, Physical resource management, Personnel
management, Instructional supervision, School development/improvement, School
Community, Maintaining School Records I have analyzed and evaluated by observing
these components during my practicum sessions. I have met administrative officers,
school management, school clerk and teachers of the school for collecting information
about these components. There are so many problems in a government school.
Science lab is not well equipped in my practicum site school. There is insufficient
Furniture in the school. School playground is not better to play. There is no
monitoring committee to monitor teacher’s progress. Sometimes school in-charge
does not show equity with school staff. Some school record is not updated. It is better
that SMC fund come annually but utilization of SMC fund is not properly planned.
School management use SMC fund for purchasing unnecessary goods and sometime
school management purchase excessive goods or materials. Most of teachers in
government schools are not well trained and updated. Modern teaching methods and
technology is not used in the school. There is no admission committee in the school.
No test is taken by new students for giving them admission in the school. The report
finds the prospects of the school in its current position are not positive. The major
areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by management.

Table of Content

iii
Letter of Undertaking...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Practicum Certificate...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Dedication.................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgment.....................................................................................................................ii
Executive Summary...............................................................................................................iii
Table of Content.....................................................................................................................iv
List of Figures...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
List of Tables..........................................................................................................................vi
Chapter No 1: OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATION........................................................1
Introduction of School........................................................................................................2
History of School.................................................................................................................3
Chapter No 2: FINANCIAL RECOURSE MANAGEMENT..........................................4
Field Note 1.........................................................................................................................5
Field Note 2.........................................................................................................................6
Field Note 3.........................................................................................................................7
Field Note 4.........................................................................................................................8
Field Note 5.........................................................................................................................9
Field Note 6.......................................................................................................................10
Chapter No 3: PHYSICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT..........................................11
Field Note 1.......................................................................................................................12
Field Note 2.......................................................................................................................13
Field Note 3.......................................................................................................................14
Field Note 4.......................................................................................................................15
Field Note 5.......................................................................................................................16
Field Note 6.......................................................................................................................17
Chapter No 4: PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT.............................................................18
Field Note 1.......................................................................................................................19
Field Note 2.......................................................................................................................20
Field Note 3.......................................................................................................................21
Field Note 4.......................................................................................................................22
Field Note 5...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Field Note 6...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter No 5: INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION.......................................................25
Field Note 1.......................................................................................................................26
Field Note 2.......................................................................................................................27
Field Note 3.......................................................................................................................28

iv
 Field Note 4.......................................................................................................................29
Field Note 5.......................................................................................................................30
Field Note 6.......................................................................................................................31
Chapter No 6: SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT / IMPROVEMENT.................................32
Field Note 1.......................................................................................................................33
Field Note 2.......................................................................................................................34
Field Note 3.......................................................................................................................35
Field Note 4.......................................................................................................................35
Field Note 5.......................................................................................................................37
Field Note 6.......................................................................................................................38
Chapter No 7: SCHOOL COMMUNITY........................................................................39
Field Note 1.......................................................................................................................40
Field Note 2.......................................................................................................................40
Field Note 3.......................................................................................................................42
Field Note 4.......................................................................................................................43
Field Note 5.......................................................................................................................44
Field Note 6.......................................................................................................................45
Chapter No 8: MAINTAINING SCHOOL RECORDS..................................................46
Field Note 1.......................................................................................................................47
Field Note 2.......................................................................................................................47
Field Note 3.......................................................................................................................49
Field Note 4.......................................................................................................................50
Field Note 5.......................................................................................................................51
Field Note 6.......................................................................................................................51
Chapter No 9: CONCLUSION AND PLAN OF ACTION.............................................53
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................54
Action Plan 1.....................................................................................................................56
Action Plan ll.....................................................................................................................58

v
 List of Tables

Table 1 Action Plan 1...................................................................................................57

vi
 Chapter No 1:

OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATION

1
 Chapter No 1

Introduction of School
A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning
environments for the teaching of students (or "pupils") under the direction of teachers.
Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In
these systems, students’ progress through a series of schools.
My school name is ~~~~~~~~ this school is situated in -------. My school is included
in the best schools of -------. Teachers of this school are very hard working. Number
of students in our school is more than as compared to other schools. Our school is
playing an important role in development of education in the society and participating
in preparing the builders of the nations.

2
 Chapter No 1

History of School
School’s building was built by Sindh government in 1990. School’s building is in U-
shaped. It has two floors. There are eleven rooms in the school. Each room is
spacious and airy. There is proper arrangement of light in each room. Top floor is
under construction now. Rooms are also existed on top floor. Finest labs are existed
on top floor but there is no electricity arrangement on top floor. Four rooms have been
handed over to primary school because their school is under construction.
Mr. ______ was first Headmaster of the school. Now a days Mrs. _______ is the
Headmistress of the school. She is struggling sincerely to improve school
performance. She gives importance to school like hers home. There is a playground in
the premises of school building. Students play in this playground. School assembly is
also held in this playground. There are trees and plants in the school premises. Due to
which the beauty of the school increases. There is a proper cleaning arrangement in
the school. Corridors and classes are neat and clean. There are 325 students and 23
teachers in the school. School SEMIS code is ________. There are total four schools
in the premises of school building. Two in morning shift and two are in afternoon
shift. SMC fund come annually in the school. By which basic needs of school are
fulfilled. Students are given education according to prescribed syllabus of Sindh
education and literacy department. Teachers try to give effective education. Students
goes in their classes without school assembly due to COVID-19 SOPs. Then teaching
and learning process is started in the classes. 8 periods are held in the school. 4 before
recess and 4 after recess. Each period duration is 30 minutes. School become off at
1:30. Annual functions and co-curricular activities are also held in the school
regularly. Students participate in this functions and co-curricular activities. Biometric
teams and other monitoring teams come in school to ensure teacher presence in the
school.

3
 Chapter No 2

Chapter No 2:

FINANCIAL RECOURSE MANAGEMENT

4
 Chapter No 2

Field Note 1
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have discussed with a teacher. He told me that teachers’ salaries come
regularly in their bank accounts in the beginning of each month. They don’t face any
trouble about their salaries. But those teachers become retired they face lot of
problems to get their pensions. They stand in a que to get their pensions through
banks. No one likes to stand in a que.
Feeling:
I feel bad for retired teachers about their pensions and have a problem from Govt. and
bank.
Evaluation:
During service, teachers don’t face any problem but after retirement they face a lot of
problem from department.
Analysis:
Due to wrong policy of government about pensions, everyone has to stand in the
queue. Old peoples are facing lot of problems.
Conclusion:
Due to wrong policy of government about pensions, everyone has to stand in the
queue. Old peoples are facing lot of problems after retirement.
It necessary that government introduce a new policy about pensioner.
Action Plan:
Government can make an easy method for retired persons to get their pensions.
Pension can be transfer directly to pensioners’ bank account.

5
 Chapter No 2

Field Note 2
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Financial management is fundamental to the improvement of the efficient and
effective use of finances in schools. SMC fund is very essential to any public school.
Government provide SMC fund to each public school. SMC fund is used in
improvement of school. But there is no proper committee to monitor and check the
SMC fund utilization. Some HMs get personal benefit through SMC fund. They don’t
utilize SMC fund in school improvement. They use SMC fund in their personal
matters.
Feeling:
I feel bad about the monitoring policy of SMC fund utilization.

Evaluation:
1. Government provide SMC fund to each public school.
2. No proper committee to monitor and check the SMC fund utilization.
Analysis:
Due to absence of proper monitoring committee some HMs don’t utilize SMC fund in
school improvement. Therefore, school don’t improve properly and school
development is affected. Those goods and matter need SMC fund, they deprived from
it.
Conclusion:
It’s necessary that HM’s utilize SMC fund for school development and improvement.
Action Plan:
A monitoring committee can be made to check and monitor the proper utilization of
SMC fund.

6
 Chapter No 2

Field Note 3
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed school ledger. Data about daily financial transactions are
recorded in detailed school ledgers. Such school ledgers may however be too detailed
to be use directly in monitoring and decision-making. Monthly, term and yearly
financial summaries of school income and expenditure can be produced and used by
the school management. I have observed that ledger is not updated. I was surprised to
see this.
Feeling:
I feel bad that I observed that ledger is not updated
Evaluation:
I have observed that ledger is not updated. I was surprised to see this.
Analysis:
School ledger should have maintained and updated regularly. Financial summaries
and ledgers should be kept in the school management office together with all
supporting documents such as receipts, invoices, bills and payment records.
Accountant is responsible for outdated and incomplete ledger.
Conclusion:
School ledger must be updated on a regular daily basis, the school accountant or the
officer who is in charge of finance should prepare financial summaries on a monthly,
term and/ or yearly basis, using the detailed data recorded in the school ledger.
Action Plan:
School ledger can be updated by making proper monitoring system. School ledger
must be updated on a regular daily basis, the school accountant or the officer who is
in charge of finance should prepare financial summaries on a monthly, term and/ or
yearly basis, using the detailed data recorded in the school ledger.

7
 Chapter No 2

Field Note 4
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
School management use SMC fund for purchasing unnecessary goods and sometime
school management purchase excessive goods or materials. Today I have observed
that five fans are purchased instead of one fan. Only one fan was required but
management purchased five fans. SMC fund is wasted by purchasing extra goods. It
was astonishing for me.
Feeling:
I feel good after notice that five fans are purchased instead of one fan.
Evaluation:
SMC fund should be used properly and no extra and unnecessary goods should be
purchased.
Analysis:
Management is responsible to waste SMC fund. Due to waste of SMC fund in
purchasing unnecessary and extra goods, necessary goods are not present in the
school. Therefore, SMC fund should be used properly and no extra and unnecessary
goods should be purchased.
Conclusion:
I have observed that five fans are purchased instead of one fan. Only one fan was
required but management purchased five fans. SMC fund is wasted by purchasing
extra goods so government make a policy about this wastage of money.
Action Plan:
List of required goods and material can be prepared before purchasing. Only required
quantity of goods should be purchased and make it sure that no extra goods should be
purchased.

8
 Chapter No 2

Field Note 5
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed school ledger. Data about daily financial transactions are
recorded in detailed school ledgers. Such school ledgers may however be too detailed
to be use directly in monitoring and decision-making. Monthly, term and yearly
financial summaries of school income and expenditure can be produced and used by
the school management. I have observed that ledger is not updated. I was surprised to
see this.
Feeling:
I feel good about hear that financial summaries of school income and expenditure can
be produced and used by the school management.
Evaluation:
1. School ledger is good.
2. But it not updated.
Analysis:
School ledger should have maintained and updated regularly. Financial summaries
and ledgers should be kept in the school management office together with all
supporting documents such as receipts, invoices, bills and payment records.
Accountant is responsible for outdated and incomplete ledger.
Conclusion:
Accountant is responsible for outdated and incomplete ledger. So management take it
serious.
Action Plan:
School ledger can be updated by making proper monitoring system. School ledger
must be updated on a regular daily basis, the school accountant or the officer who is
in charge of finance should prepare financial summaries on a monthly, term and/ or
yearly basis, using the detailed data recorded in the school ledger.

9
 Chapter No 2

Field Note 6
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Financial management is fundamental to the improvement of the efficient and
effective use of finances in schools. SMC fund is very essential to any public school.
Government provide SMC fund to each public school. SMC fund is used in
improvement of school. But there is no proper committee to monitor and check the
SMC fund utilization. Some HMs get personal benefit through SMC fund. They don’t
utilize SMC fund in school improvement. They use SMC fund in their personal
matters.
Feeling:
I feel good and bad both about the monitoring policy of SMC fund utilization.

Evaluation:
1. No proper committee to monitor and check the SMC fund utilization.
2. Government provide SMC fund to each public school.
Analysis:
Due to absence of proper monitoring committee some HMs don’t utilize SMC fund in
school improvement. Therefore, school don’t improve properly and school
development is affected. Those goods and matter need SMC fund, they deprived from
it.
Conclusion:
It’s necessary that HM’s utilize SMC fund for school development and improvement.
Action Plan:
A monitoring committee can be made to check and monitor the proper utilization of
SMC fund.

10
 Chapter No 3:

PHYSICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

11
 Field Note 1
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed science lab. When I entered in the lab, I saw that floor of the
lab was dirty. Two practical tables were present in the middle of the lab. Three
cupboards were present in the lab. One for physics instruments, second for chemistry
instruments and third for biology instruments. I observed that practical instruments
were so old and insufficient for school’s students. I was surprised to see the lab
because the lab was not well equipped.
Feeling:
Feeling bad when I observed that practical instruments were so old and insufficient
for school’s students
Evaluation:
1. Instrument were old.
2. Floor was dirty.
3. Not well equipped.
Analysis:
Science lab was not well equipped. It was not fulfilling the students’ requirements. It
was due to the lack interest of school’s management. School management was not
interested in improvement of science lab. If science lab of a school is not good then
students cannot get proper education.
Conclusion:
Cleaning can be done on daily basis. By hanging some pictures of lab’s instruments
on the wall, the environment of lab can be made better for students’ learning
Action Plan:
School’s science lab can be improved by taking interest in development of science
lab. New instruments cab be purchased by SMC fund. Cleaning can be done on daily
basis. By hanging some pictures of lab’s instruments on the wall, the environment of
lab can be made better for students’ learning

12
 Field Note 2
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed assembly hall. Assembly hall of the school is very big. A
platform is present in the assembly hall. Students recite the holy Quran and naat sharif
on this platform. I was glad to see such a big assembly hall but there is no greenery in
assembly hall. Assembly is held in the morning daily
Feeling:
Feeling good after seeing big assembly hall.
Evaluation:
1. Reciting Quran and Naat.
2. Assembly held in morning.
Analysis:
There is no greenery in assembly hall. Because there is no gardener in the school.
Without greenery the assembly hall does not look beautiful.
Conclusion:
Assembly hall can be made better and beautiful by appointing a gardener and manage
it properly.
Action Plan:
Assembly hall can be made better and beautiful by appointing a gardener.

13
 Field Note 3
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
There is no library in the school. Students are deprived from such a basic need. I felt
very sad knowing this. When I asked about it, management said it is government duty
not our duty.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice no library in school.
Evaluation:
1. No library
2. Govt. make a policy about library in schools.
Analysis:
The school library provides information and ideas that are fundamental to functioning
successfully in todays’ information and knowledge-based society. The school library
equips students with life-long learning skills and develops the imagination, enabling
them to live as responsible citizens. Therefore, school library is very important for
students.
Conclusion:
SMC fund come regularly on annual basis. Important and informative required books
can be purchased by SMC fund every year and library is important for school.
Action Plan:
A little library is established in the school by school SMC fund. SMC fund come
regularly on annual basis. Important and informative required books can be purchased
by SMC fund every year.

14
 Field Note 4
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have been known that there is no computer lab in the school. I felt very sad
knowing this. Because todays computer lab is essential part of any school. Students
are facing lot of problems due to the absence of computer lab. Government is
responsible for this negligence.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice no computer lab in school.
Evaluation:
1. No lab
2. Govt. make a policy about library in schools.
Analysis:
Technology plays a major role in twenty-first century education. The new model of
integrating technology into the curriculum means that computers are on demand
throughout the school day. Therefore, computer lab is very necessary for any school.
Students cannot take admission in computer science due to the absence of computer
lab in the school.
Conclusion:
SMC fund come regularly on annual basis. Important and informative required books
can be purchased by SMC fund every year and lab is important for school.
Action Plan:
A letter can be written to the concerned education authorities to provide computer lab
in the school. A little computer lab is established in the school by school SMC fund.
SMC fund come regularly on annual basis. Some Computers can be purchased by
SMC fund every year.

15
 Field Note 5
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed furniture in class-rooms. There is insufficient Furniture in the
school. Some student chairs are broken. Due to insufficient furniture, some students
are compelled to sit on the broken chairs. I felt sad to see it.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice insufficient furniture in school.
Evaluation:
1. No proper furniture.
2. Govt. make a policy about this issues in schools.
Analysis:
To provide furniture in Govt. schools is the responsibility of Sindh education
department. Therefore, Government is responsible for this negligence. Management
should take action to repair the damaged furniture. Due to insufficient furniture,
admissions are limited.
Conclusion:
SMC fund come regularly on annual basis. Important and informative required chairs
can be purchased by SMC fund every year and furniture is important for school.
Action Plan:
A letter can be written to the concerned education authorities to provide more
furniture in the school. Damaged furniture can be repaired through SMC fund.

16
 Field Note 6
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed playground of the school. Playground of the school is very big.
There is no pitch in the playground. Ground is also deprived from grass. Condition of
playground is not good for playing cricket or football. I felt pity to see it.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice insufficient facilities of playground in school.
Evaluation:
1. No proper pitch.
2. Govt. make a policy about this issues in schools.
Analysis:
School playground and school playtime are vitally important to children for their fun
and relaxation as well as for their good health and well-being. Without a playground,
students cannot get their fun and relaxation. Improper playground is not better for
students to play.
Conclusion:
SMC fund come regularly on annual basis. Important and informative required pitches
can be made by SMC fund every year and sports is important for school children.
Action Plan:
Playground can be made better for students by doing required changes in the
playground. Pitch can be made through SMC fund. Grass can also be grow in the
playground.

17
 Chapter No 4:

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

18
 Field Note 1
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have meet with a teacher. He said that our all matters are solved by because
our HM is our DDO also. Without our HM’s sign we cannot avail benefits which are
provided by Government. Time scale, teaching allowances and any bill etc. cannot be
availed without HM’s sign. Sometimes our HM refuse to sign without any reason. I
have been also known that some HMs or DDOs take bribe for doing signature.
Feeling:
Feeling good because HM is DDO also and solve matters quickly.
Evaluation:
1. Solving matters properly.
2. HM and DDO take bribe.
Analysis:
It is observed that some HMs distress their employees. They don’t help their
employees to solve their problems. They don’t sign their employees’ documents and
don’t give proper guidance. If an employee is distress then he cannot work
effectively and heartily.
Conclusion:
Government take notice about these bribe HM and DDO.
Action Plan:
Suitable action can be taken by Government officer (T.E.O or D.E.O) against such
guilty HMs. Complain cell can be establish to deal employees problems.

19
 Field Note 2
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Most of teachers in government schools are not well trained and updated. They follow
old methods of teaching. They don’t avail benefits of modern technology. I was
surprised to know that most teachers don’t know the method of using internet.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice that teacher do not use modern technology.
Evaluation:
1. No Modern technology.
2. Change teaching method.
Analysis:
Since most teachers are not well trained and updated therefore, they cannot teach
effectively to the students. Students don’t take interest in learning process. So, their
classes become passive.
Conclusion:
Government make a policy about use of modern technology and change teaching
method.
Action Plan:
Professional training can be given annually to the teachers to make them aware with
modern teaching methods and modern technology. They can be updated by giving
them departmental training.
.

20
 Field Note 3
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Some teachers are deprived from their basic right of promotion. Employee promotion
system is not better in Government schools. Promotion process is very slow.
Employees are very affected by this slow process. They feel anxiety. Some officers
ask for bribe to promote them.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice that teacher do not use modern technology.
Evaluation:
1. No Promotion.
2. Change promotion method.
Analysis:
Due to slow promotion process, teachers feel anxiety. They don’t take interest in
teaching. They don’t teach effectively to their students. Slow promotion process
makes them unhappy. Government is responsible for this.
Conclusion:
Government make a policy about fast process of promotion and change promotion
method.
Action Plan:
A monitoring committee can be made to check and monitor the promotion process.
Monitoring committee must finish the bribe system. Promotion process can be made
faster by making an active promotion committee.

21
 Field Note 4
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have meet with a teacher. He said that our all matters are solved by HM
because our HM is our DDO also. Without our HM’s sign we cannot avail benefits
which are provided by Government. Time scale, teaching allowances and any bill etc.
cannot be availed without HM’s sign. Sometimes our HM refuse to sign without any
reason. I have been also known that some HMs or DDOs take bribe for doing
signature.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice that HM cannot sign on government benefit that avail by
teachers.
Evaluation:
1. No benefit.
2. Change benefit process and take step of bribe officers.
Analysis:
It is observed that some HMs distress their employees. They don’t help their
employees to solve their problems. They don’t sign their employees’ documents and
don’t give proper guidance. If an employee is distress then he cannot work
effectively and heartily.
Conclusion:
Government make a policy about fast process of receiving benefit and change benefit
process and take action against bribe officers.
Action Plan:
Suitable action can be taken by Government officer (T.E.O or D.E.O) against such
guilty HMs. Complain cell can be establish to deal employees problems.

22
 Field Note 5
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Most of teachers in government schools are not well trained and updated. They follow
old methods of teaching. They don’t avail benefits of modern technology. I was
surprised to know that most teachers don’t know the method of using internet.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice that teacher have old teaching method and do not use modern
technology.
Evaluation:
1. No Modern technology.
2. Change teaching method.
Analysis:
Since most teachers are not well trained and updated therefore, they cannot teach
effectively to the students. Students don’t take interest in learning process. So, their
classes become passive.
Conclusion:
Government make a policy about use of modern technology and change teaching
method.
Action Plan:
Professional training can be given annually to the teachers to make them aware with
modern teaching methods and modern technology. They can be updated by giving
them departmental training.

23
 Field Note 6
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Some teachers are deprived from their basic right of promotion. Employee promotion
system is not better in Government schools. Promotion process is very slow.
Employees are very affected by this slow process. They feel anxiety. Some officers
ask for bribe to promote them.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice that teacher promotion policy was slow
Evaluation:
1. No Promotion.
2. Change promotion method.
Analysis:
Due to slow promotion process, teachers feel anxiety. They don’t take interest in
teaching. They don’t teach effectively to their students. Slow promotion process
makes them unhappy. Government is responsible for this.
Conclusion:
Government make a policy about fast process of promotion and change promotion
method.
Action Plan:
A monitoring committee can be made to check and monitor the promotion process.
Monitoring committee must finish the bribe system. Promotion process can be made
faster by making an active promotion committee.

24
 Chapter No 5:

INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION

25
 Chapter No 5

Field Note 1
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have checked the class 8th students’ tests. I was surprised to see that tests are
not checked by the teacher. There is no proper monitoring system in the school to
check either a teacher is teaching according to syllabus or not? And is the teacher is
checking student’s tests or not?
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no monitoring system in school.
Evaluation:
1. No monitoring system
2. Teaching with and without syllabus
Analysis:
It is duty of the head of the institute to check either a teacher is teaching according to
syllabus or not? And is the teacher is checking student’s tests or not? If he does not
fulfil his duty of instructional supervision, then institute cannot run in a good manner
Conclusion:
A monitoring committee can be formed to monitor and assess the teacher progress. If
he does not fulfil his duty of instructional supervision, then institute cannot run in a
good manner
Action Plan:
A monitoring committee can be formed to monitor and assess the teacher progress.
.

26
 Chapter No 5

Field Note 2
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I was surprised to know that no staff meeting is held in the school. Doesn’t call staff
meeting. No advice is given by HM to their employees. There is no action plan in
school for school improvement. There is no single direction for staff members to do
for school improvement.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no staff meeting held in school.
Evaluation:
1. No meeting system
2. No advice is given by HM to their employees

Analysis:
School improvement is being affected badly due to absence of staff meetings. There is
no single direction for staff members. They do what they like or understand better.
Conclusion:
There is make an action plan in school for school improvement. There is no single
direction for staff members to do for school improvement without staff meeting.
Action Plan:
Staff meetings can be held regularly for school improvement. Suggestions can be
taken from staff members for school improvement. Senior and experienced teachers
can play an active and vital role in school improvement.

27
 Chapter No 5

Field Note 3
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Most of teachers in government schools are not well trained and updated. They follow
old methods of teaching. They don’t avail benefits of modern technology. I was
surprised to know that most teachers don’t know the method of using internet.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after notice that teacher have old teaching method and do not use modern
technology.
Evaluation:
1. No Modern technology.
2. Change teaching method.
Analysis:
Since most teachers are not well trained and updated therefore, they cannot teach
effectively to the students. Students don’t take interest in learning process. So, their
classes become passive.
Conclusion:
Government make a policy about use of modern technology and change teaching
method.
Action Plan:
Professional training can be given annually to the teachers to make them aware with
modern teaching methods and modern technology. They can be updated by giving
them departmental training.

28
 Chapter No 5

Field Note 4
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I was surprised to know that no parents/teachers meeting is held in the school.
Doesn’t call parents/teachers meeting. No advice is given by HM to their employees.
There is no action plan in school for school improvement. There is no single direction
for parents and staff members to do for school improvement.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no staff meeting held in school.
Evaluation:
1. No parents/teachers meeting system
2. No advice is given by HM to their employees and parents.

Analysis:
School improvement is being affected badly due to absence of parents/teachers
meetings. There is no single direction for parents and staff members. They do what
they like or understand better.
Conclusion:
There is make an action plan in school for school improvement. There is no single
direction for parents and staff members to do for school improvement without
parents/teachers meeting.
Action Plan:
Parents/teachers meetings can be held regularly for school improvement. Suggestions
can be taken from parents for school improvement. Senior and experienced teachers
can play an active and vital role in school improvement.

29
 Chapter No 5

Field Note 5
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I was surprised to know that no students/teachers meeting is held in the school.
Doesn’t call students /teachers meeting. There is no action plan in school for school
improvement. There is no single direction for students and staff members to do for
school improvement.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no student’s teacher meeting held in school.
Evaluation:
1. No students/teachers meeting system
2. No advice is given by HM to their teachers and students.
Analysis:
School improvement is being affected badly due to absence of students/teachers
meetings. There is no single direction for students and staff members. They do what
they like or understand better.
Conclusion:
There is make an action plan in school for school improvement. There is no single
direction for students and staff members to do for school improvement without
students/teachers meeting.
Action Plan:
Students/teachers meetings can be held regularly for school improvement.
Suggestions can be taken from students for school improvement. Senior and
experienced students can play an active and vital role in school improvement.

30
 Chapter No 5

Field Note 6
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have checked the class 8th students’ tests. I was surprised to see that tests are
not checked by the teacher. There is no proper monitoring system in the school to
check either a teacher is checking tests or not?
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no monitoring system in school.
Evaluation:
1. No monitoring system
2. No checking test and teaching from guides or helping book.
Analysis:
It is duty of the head of the institute to check either a teacher is teaching according to
syllabus or not? And is the teacher is checking student’s tests or not? If he does not
fulfil his duty of instructional supervision, then institute cannot run in a good manner
Conclusion:
A monitoring committee can be formed to monitor and assess the teacher progress. If
he does not fulfil his duty of instructional supervision, then institute cannot run in a
good manner
Action Plan:
A monitoring committee can be formed to monitor and assess the teacher progress.

31
 Chapter No 6:

SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT / IMPROVEMENT

32
 Field Note 1
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I have been known that there is no admission committee in the school. No test is taken
by new students for giving them admission in the school. Management give new
admission without any test. I think it is not better for students and school. School
management is responsible for this.
Feeling:
Feeling bad when I saw no admission committee in school and no test is taken for
admission.
Evaluation:
1. Establish admission committee.
2. Test taken for admission.
Analysis:
Management should not give admission to new students in any class without taking
any test. Some students don’t meet the class standard. Therefore, school standard is
decreasing day by day. So, to know student ability, a test should be taken by the new
students.
Conclusion:
Admission committee must take a suitable test by new students to examine the
students’ ability. If a student does not meet the school standard or passing test, he
should not be given admission in the school.
Action Plan:
To improve school standard an admission committee can be made. Admission
committee must take a suitable test by new students to examine the students’ ability.
If a student does not meet the school standard, he should not be given admission in
the school.

33
 Field Note 2
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Most of teachers don’t take test from their students during academic session to check
their learning outcomes. Since they don’t assess students learning outcomes therefore
they don’t give quality education to their students. Teachers don’t know their students
understanding problems. It is not better for students.
Feeling:
Teacher don’t take test to check students’ academic outcomes that a bad feeling for
me and also teacher not know about student problem.
Evaluation:
1. Checking outcomes by taking test.
2. Solve student’s problem
Analysis:
Without assess a student the teacher cannot know this that what problems are faced by
student in learning process. Those teachers who assess their students know their
students understanding problems. They can change their teaching method according
to their students need. A school cannot improve its standard without proper
assessment of its students.
Conclusion:
A teacher must assess their students after completing a chapter. Students can be
assessed by a teacher during his class. They can change their teaching method
according to their students need. A school cannot improve its standard without proper
assessment of its students.
Action Plan:
To improve school standard, proper system of students’ assessment can be introduced
in the school. Test must be taken on weekly bases. A teacher must assess their
students after completing a chapter. Students can be assessed by a teacher during his
class.

34
 Field Note 3
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I was surprised to know that no community meeting is held in the school. Doesn’t call
community meeting. There is no action plan in school for school improvement. There
is no single direction for community to do for school improvement.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no community meeting held in school.
Evaluation:
1. No meeting system
2. No advice is given by HM to their community and community to HM.

Analysis:
School improvement is being affected badly due to absence of community meetings.
They do what they like or understand better.
Conclusion:
There is no single direction for community members to do for school improvement
without staff meeting. No advice is given by HM to their community and community
to HM.

Action Plan:
Community meetings can be held regularly for school improvement. Suggestions can
be taken from community for school improvement.

35
 Field Note 4
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I felt very pity to know that there is no monitoring committee in the school. Teaching
and learning process is not checked by any person or committee in the school.
Students learning is not going well in the absence of monitoring committee. Some
teachers don’t go in their classes. Some teachers go in their classes but they don’t
teach according to syllabus. Most teachers don’t complete the syllabus within time.
Feeling:
No monitoring committee work in school that give bad feeling and mostly
government teachers don’t go in their classes.
Evaluation:
1. Establish monitoring system with community.
2. Check teachers regular.
Analysis:
Monitoring committee is very necessary for school improvement. Without a
monitoring committee, a school cannot improve and play a vital role in society.
Through monitoring and evaluation in schools, good leadership is put into practice
and accountability which leads to school improvement. The monitor should correctly
recognize the performance of each teacher.
Conclusion:
Monitoring committee can be made to improve teaching and learning process.
Teacher performance impacts on school improvement. Monitoring committee is very
necessary for school improvement. Without a monitoring committee, a school cannot
improve and play a vital role in society.
Action Plan:
Monitoring committee can be made to improve teaching and learning process.
Teacher performance impacts on school improvement. Proper Monitoring system can
improve teachers’ performance.

36
 Field Note 5
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I felt pity to know that there is no coordination between parents and teachers in the
school. Students’ progress doesn’t share with their parents. Parents are unaware with
their children’s progress. Parents don’t come to school to know their children’s
progress. Parents are responsible for this. But teachers are also responsible.
Feeling:
Feeling bad that there is no coordination between parents and teachers and cannot
discuss children progress with each other.
Evaluation:
1. Coordination is necessary.
2. Parents come school and discuss their children progress with teachers.
Analysis:
Since parents are not interested in knowing their children’s progress therefore,
students don’t learn with heart. They don’t play an active role in the class. Parents can
play an important role in school’s improvement. They can make better their children’s
progress by taking interest. They can meet regularly to the teacher to know about their
children’s progress.
Conclusion:
Since parents are not interested in knowing their children’s progress therefore,
students don’t learn with heart. They can meet regularly to the teacher to know about
their children’s progress. Parents-teachers meeting can be held monthly to improve
students learning.
Action Plan:
A better coordination can be produced between parents and teachers to improve
students learning and school’s standard. Parents-teachers meeting can be held
monthly to improve students learning.

37
 Field Note 6
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed the pupil diary. Pupil diary is that diary in which number of
students, present in all classes, are registered. I have observed that only 60% students
come daily and 40% students are not regular in their classes. I was surprised to know
this. Most students enjoy holiday without any reason. I think, Students don’t come
school regularly due to old and traditional methods of teaching.
Feeling:
Feeling good about see the pupil diary and feeling bad to know that most students
enjoy holiday without any reason.
Evaluation:
1. Check diary daily.
2. Make a policy that student come daily.
Analysis:
Since students are not regular in their classes therefore, their school work is not
completed. Teachers are also not interested in improving the students’ attendance.
Teachers should use modern methods of teaching to improve students’ attendance.
Conclusion:
Students are not regular in their classes therefore, their school work is not completed.
Due to this there result was not better.
Action Plan:
Modern methods of teaching can be used to improve students’ attendance. Teachers
must use modern technology in their classes. Multimedia and other technological
instruments can be used by teachers.

38
 Chapter No 7:

SCHOOL COMMUNITY

39
 Chapter No 8

Field Note 1

Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I felt pity to know that there is no coordination between parents and teachers in the
school. Students’ progress doesn’t share with their parents. Parents are unaware with
their children’s progress. Parents don’t come to school to know their children’s
progress. Parents are responsible for this. But teachers are also responsible.
Feeling:
Feeling bad that there is no coordination between parents and teachers and cannot
discuss children progress with each other.
Evaluation:
1. Coordination is necessary.
2. Parents come school and discuss their children progress with teachers.
Analysis:
Since parents are not interested in knowing their children’s progress therefore,
students don’t learn with heart. They don’t play an active role in the class. Parents can
play an important role in school’s improvement. They can make better their children’s
progress by taking interest. They can meet regularly to the teacher to know about their
children’s progress.
Conclusion:
Since parents are not interested in knowing their children’s progress therefore,
students don’t learn with heart. They can meet regularly to the teacher to know about
their children’s progress. Parents-teachers meeting can be held monthly to improve
students learning.
Action Plan:
A better coordination can be produced between parents and teachers to improve
students learning and school’s standard. Parents-teachers meeting can be held
monthly to improve students learning.

40
 Chapter No 8

Field Note 2
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
School community play an important part in school’s improvement. The term school
community encompasses the school administrators, teachers, and staff members who
work in a school; the students who attend the school and their parents and families;
and local residents and organizations that have a stake in the school’s success. But
there is no coordination between school and local residents and organizations.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no community meeting held in school.
Evaluation:
1. No meeting system
2. No advice is given by HM to their community and community to HM.

Analysis:
School improvement is being affected badly due to absence of community meetings.
They do what they like or understand better.
Conclusion:
There is no single direction for community members to do for school improvement
without staff meeting. No advice is given by HM to their community and community
to HM.

Action Plan:
Better relations can be developed with each stake holder. A committee can be formed
to develop better relations with each stake holder. HM can play a vital role in
developing relations with all stake holders.

41
 Chapter No 8

Field Note 3
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Teachers, students, parents, Caregivers, staff members, local residents and
organizations are the members of school community. Students are the most important
components of any school community. Without students there would be no school!
Students transform the school community into a group of engaged learners. Some
teachers don’t behave politely with students in the school. They are not sincere with
their students. Students feel distress in their classes.
Feeling:
Teacher don’t take test to check students’ academic outcomes that a bad feeling for
me and also teacher not know about student problem.
Evaluation:
1. Checking outcomes by taking test.
2. Solve student’s problem
Analysis:
Since some teachers don’t behave politely with the students and they are not sincere
with their students therefore, teaching and learning process don’t run smoothly in the
school. Those teachers who behave badly with their students, are not liked by the
students. Students don’t take interest in their classes. Students don’t follow their
orders heartily.
Conclusion:
A teacher must assess their students after completing a chapter. Students can be
assessed by a teacher during his class. They can change their teaching method
according to their students need. A school cannot improve its standard without proper
assessment of its students.
Action Plan:
Moral trainings can be given to teachers regularly to make them a good teacher.
Relation between teachers and students can be developed by organizing good and
healthy activities in the school.

42
 Chapter No 8

Field Note 4
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Most of teachers don’t take test from their students during academic session to check
their learning outcomes. Since they don’t assess students learning outcomes therefore
they don’t give quality education to their students. Teachers don’t know their students
understanding problems. It is not better for students.
Feeling:
Teacher don’t take test to check students’ academic outcomes that a bad feeling for
me and also teacher not know about student problem.
Evaluation:
3. Checking outcomes by taking test.
4. Solve student’s problem
Analysis:
Without assess a student the teacher cannot know this that what problems are faced by
student in learning process. Those teachers who assess their students know their
students understanding problems. They can change their teaching method according
to their students need. A school cannot improve its standard without proper
assessment of its students.
Conclusion:
A teacher must assess their students after completing a chapter. Students can be
assessed by a teacher during his class. They can change their teaching method
according to their students need. A school cannot improve its standard without proper
assessment of its students.
Action Plan:
To improve school standard, proper system of students’ assessment can be introduced
in the school. Test must be taken on weekly bases. A teacher must assess their
students after completing a chapter. Students can be assessed by a teacher during his
class.

43
 Chapter No 8

Field Note 5
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I was surprised to know that no community meeting is held in the school. Doesn’t call
community meeting. There is no action plan in school for school improvement. There
is no single direction for community to do for school improvement.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no community meeting held in school.
Evaluation:
1. No meeting system
2. No advice is given by HM to their community and community to HM.

Analysis:
School improvement is being affected badly due to absence of community meetings.
They do what they like or understand better.
Conclusion:
There is no single direction for community members to do for school improvement
without staff meeting. No advice is given by HM to their community and community
to HM.

Action Plan:
Community meetings can be held regularly for school improvement. Suggestions can
be taken from community for school improvement.

44
 Chapter No 8

Field Note 6
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
I was surprised to know that no staff meeting is held in the school. Doesn’t call staff
meeting. No advice is given by HM to their employees. There is no action plan in
school for school improvement. There is no single direction for staff members to do
for school improvement.
Feeling:
Feeling bad after listen that there is no staff meeting held in school.
Evaluation:
1. No meeting system
2. No advice is given by principle to their employees

Analysis:
School improvement is being affected badly due to absence of staff meetings. There is
no single direction for staff members. They do what they like or understand better.
Conclusion:
There is make an action plan in school for school improvement. There is no single
direction for staff members to do for school improvement without staff meeting.
Action Plan:
Staff meetings can be held regularly for school improvement. Suggestions can be
taken from staff members for school improvement. Senior and experienced teachers
can play an active and vital role in school improvement.

45
 Chapter No 8

Chapter No 8:

MAINTAINING SCHOOL RECORDS

46
 Field Note 1
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed muster-roll. I have been known that two casual leaves are
allowed in a month but some employees avail more than two casual leaves in a month
and their C/L is not marked on muster-roll. Therefore, some employees get benefits
and enjoy holidays. School In-charge don’t behave equally to employees.
Feeling:
Feeling bad to know that some employees get benefits and enjoy holidays.
Evaluation:
1. Monitor all staff
2. Check their leaves or working day on regular basis.
Analysis:
Some teachers don’t come regularly and enjoy holidays. Therefore, students study is
not better in the school. Students are affected by teachers’ holidays.
Conclusion:
Teacher’s attendance can be improved by taking action against habitual teachers.
School In-charge must behave equally to each employee. Some teachers don’t come
regularly and enjoy holidays. Therefore, students study is not better in the school.
Students are affected by teachers’ holidays. Government make a policy to solve this
problem.
Action Plan:
Teacher’s attendance can be improved by taking action against habitual teachers.
School In-charge must behave equally to each employee.

47
 Field Note 2
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed General register (GR). General register is mandatory record
for any school. This record is kept from entry of student into institute to leaving of
student from institute and after it also. I have seen some mistakes in GR. Date of birth
of some students were not present in GR and some spelling mistakes were present in
GR.
Feeling:
Feeling good to know that all record have saved.
Evaluation:
1. Keep all record
2. Computerized all record.
Analysis:
Since General Register is mandatory record for any school and this record is kept
from entry of student into institute to leaving of student from institute and after it also.
Therefore, this record must enter carefully. Mistakes were made by careless person.
Conclusion:
General register can be maintained by a careful and responsible person. HM must
watch GR regularly. Since General Register is mandatory record for any school and
this record is kept from entry of student into institute to leaving of student from
institute and after it also. Therefore, this record must enter carefully. Mistakes were
made by careless person so government try to computerize all record on regular basis.
Action Plan:
General register can be maintained by a careful and responsible person. HM must
watch GR regularly.

48
 Field Note 3
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed students record in the school. This record contains student’s
personal and family characteristics, previous educational experience, current grade,
attendance, academic performance, behavior, and achievements/faults, outcomes (e.g.
promotion to next grade, repeating grade, drop-out, transfer, or graduation). But I
have seen that there is no proper record of students in the school.
Feeling:
Feeling bad to know that there is no proper record of students in the school
Evaluation:
1. Keep all record
2. Computerized all record.
Analysis:
Due to insufficient record of a student, school administration does not provide quality
education to the students and don’t fulfill its responsibility appropriately. Student’s
performance is being affected due to improper and incomplete record of students.
Conclusion:
General register can be maintained by a careful and responsible person. HM must
watch GR regularly. Since General Register is mandatory record for any school and
this record is kept from entry of student into institute to leaving of student from
institute and after it also. Therefore, this record must enter carefully. Mistakes were
made by careless person so government try to computerize all record on regular basis.
Action Plan:
Student’s record can be maintained properly by giving this duty to responsible and
competent persons. Student’s record must maintain regularly. Student’s performance
can be made better through maintaining student’s record properly.

49
 Field Note 4
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed school ledger. Data about daily financial transactions are
recorded in detailed school ledgers. Such school ledgers may however be too detailed
to be use directly in monitoring and decision-making. Monthly, term and yearly
financial summaries of school income and expenditure can be produced and used by
the school management. I have observed that ledger is not updated. I was surprised to
see this.
Feeling:
I feel bad that I observed that ledger is not updated
Evaluation:
I have observed that ledger is not updated. I was surprised to see this.
Analysis:
School ledger should have maintained and updated regularly. Financial summaries
and ledgers should be kept in the school management office together with all
supporting documents such as receipts, invoices, bills and payment records.
Accountant is responsible for outdated and incomplete ledger.
Conclusion:
School ledger must be updated on a regular daily basis, the school accountant or the
officer who is in charge of finance should prepare financial summaries on a monthly,
term and/ or yearly basis, using the detailed data recorded in the school ledger.
Action Plan:
School ledger can be updated by making proper monitoring system. School ledger
must be updated on a regular daily basis, the school accountant or the officer who is
in charge of finance should prepare financial summaries on a monthly, term and/ or
yearly basis, using the detailed data recorded in the school ledger.

50
 Field Note 5
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed the pupil diary. Pupil diary is that diary in which number of
students, present in all classes, are registered. I have observed that only 60% students
come daily and 40% students are not regular in their classes. I was surprised to know
this. Most students enjoy holiday without any reason. I think, Students don’t come
school regularly due to old and traditional methods of teaching.
Feeling:
Feeling good about see the pupil diary and feeling bad to know that most students
enjoy holiday without any reason.
Evaluation:
1. Check diary daily.
2. Make a policy that student come daily.
Analysis:
Since students are not regular in their classes therefore, their school work is not
completed. Teachers are also not interested in improving the students’ attendance.
Teachers should use modern methods of teaching to improve students’ attendance.
Conclusion:
Students are not regular in their classes therefore, their school work is not completed.
Due to this there result was not better.
Action Plan:
Modern methods of teaching can be used to improve students’ attendance. Teachers
must use modern technology in their classes. Multimedia and other technological
instruments can be used by teachers.

51
 Field Note 6
Field Area:
Day : Date:
Description:
Today I have observed School register (SR). School register is mandatory record for
any school. This record is kept from entry of student into institute to leaving of
student from institute and after it also. I have seen some mistakes in SR. Date of birth
of some students were not present in SR and some spelling mistakes were present in
SR.
Feeling:
Feeling good to know that all record have saved.
Evaluation:
1. Keep all record
2. Computerized all record.
Analysis:
Since school Register is mandatory record for any school and this record is kept from
entry of student into institute to leaving of student from institute and after it also.
Therefore, this record must enter carefully. Mistakes were made by careless person.
Conclusion:
School register can be maintained by a careful and responsible person. HM must
watch SR regularly. Since School Register is mandatory record for any school and
this record is kept from entry of student into institute to leaving of student from
institute and after it also. Therefore, this record must enter carefully. Mistakes were
made by careless person so government try to computerize all record on regular basis.
Action Plan:
School register can be maintained by a careful and responsible person. HM must
watch SR regularly.

52
 Chapter No 9:

CONCLUSION AND PLAN OF ACTION

53
 Chapter No 9

Conclusion
The education system in Pakistan is in the throes of severe crisis. Numerous problems
are resulting from the weakness in the education system in Pakistan, which have
endangered the democracy and fate of the nation. There is a need to improve
education in classrooms. This will not only strengthen democracy but also ensure
social security.
There exist multiple problems within the Pakistani education system, which are
essentially a product of poor funding, gender discrimination, rising costs, poor quality
and lack of opportunities. These problems can be addressed by improving the
education system as a whole to fight with the menace of social problems and
strengthen democracy. The more the nation is aware, the stronger will be the
democracy and more accountable will be the leaders.
Pakistan is indeed going through a lot of problems in the education sector. The most
significant is the lack of funding. For example, the incumbent government reduced the
budget for education by nearly 50 per cent. This lack of funding compromises the
quality and impact of teaching in classrooms. Poor funding means few people have
access to quality books and labs, etc. As a result, a country’s ability to progress is
compromised.
Educational institutions are also plagued by a lack of integration between traditional
and modern syllabi and the orthodox teaching method in certain institutions. This
diversion polarises society and leads to differences amongst individuals who follow
these syllabi. It provides quality education only to the rich who can afford the fee of
modern syllabi. This leads to contrasting job opportunities, which further fuel
resentment.
Severe gender imbalance also mars different education systems. Once again, Pakistan
is a pertinent example where a majority of out-of-school children is girls. There exist
several factors for this imbalance: cultural notions, gender discrimination,
apprehensions and risks from fellow students and teachers. This gender imbalance, in
turn, affects the development of families and societies.
The crisis of funding in education was best captured by the leading American
politician, Bernie Sanders, who said, ”The cost of a college education today is so high
that many young people are giving up their dream of going to college, while many

54
 Chapter No 9

others are graduating deeply in debt.” The same situation applies to third world
countries, particularly Pakistan.
Weakness in the education system creates social polarisation and frustration among
the nation; snatching away the wisdom of thinking. On the other hand, democracy
ensures the atmosphere for national integration; elevating the national dignity. When
quality education is not in access to everyone in a society, a trust deficit rises among
people, which weakens their ability to work cooperatively. A lack of opportunities
further provokes resentment. This brings instability in a country, which weakens
democracy.

55
 Chapter No 9

Action Plan 1
Statement of Problem:
There is no computer lab in the school. Students are facing lot of problems due to
absence of a computer lab. Some rooms are existent on top floor but these rooms
cannot be used as a computer lab because rooms are door less and there is no
electricity on top floor. I have made an action plan to solve all these problems and to
make a functional computer lab.
Main Objective:
1. To check school lab.
2. To check la condition.
3. To find the problems and issues of science lab.
Main Strategy:

Dependency
Milestone

Person Resource
Objectives Strategies Time Line
Responsible needed

To make a A letter will

educationa
l
authorities
to provide
required
fund
After
releasing
the fund Carpenter Door and
by windows
concerned

departmen
t, door and

windows
will be

56
 Chapter No 9

fixed in
the room
Room will Laborer Paint
be colored
Electricity Electrician Electrical
arrangeme
nt goods
will be
done
Room will Sweeper Cleaning
be washed
and goods
cleaned
Simple Maintenance
wooden in charge
computer peons
tables and
required
furniture
will be
purchased
and will be

set in the
room
Computers Maintenanc
(with all e in charge
accessories
like CPU, Computer
LCD expert
monitor, (Computer
keyboard, teacher)
mouse etc.) peons
will be
purchased
and set on
the
computer
tables
Table 1 Action Plan 1

57
 Chapter No 9

Action Plan ll
Statement of Problem:
Problem related to school building, playground, teacher ability etc. I have made an
action plan to solve all these problems and to make a functional computer lab.
Main Objective:
1. Attendance improvement
2. School rules and regulation
3. Discipline
4. Timetable

Main Strategy:

Dependency
Milestone

Person Resource
Objectives Strategies Time Line
Responsible needed

Give high
priority to Office staff Office in-
supporting charge
the
improveme
nt of
attendance
and
reduction of
persistent
absence
Provide a
leaflet, Class Office in-
consists of Teacher charge
school rules
and
regulations,
to the
students
and their
parents
Mark the Class teacher Office in-
register charge
regularly
and
accurately
and submit

58
 Chapter No 9

data to
the office
staff
Notify any Class
Absences to Office in-
Teacher
school charge
Office by
9.00am.
Page Class
individual Office in-
Teacher
teachers at charge
9.30am who
have still
not sent in
Absentees
Telephone Office in-
parents / Office staff charge
Care Giver
to enquire H.M
why child is
not in
school if no
prior
notification
has been
received. if
no contact
is
made, Sent
a follow up
letter to
home
File written Office staff
communicat
ions from
Parent/Care
Giver
detailing
reasons for
absence.
Follow up
parent/care
givers who
have not
provided a
written note
until it is

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provided
Keep Office staff
student
records up
to date
Check the Office staff
registers / Office in-
data base charge
for
absentees
Notify the Office staff Office in-
Head of charge
School of
any H.M
repeated/o
ngoing
absence or
unexplained
absence.
Maintain a
list of H.M
children
whose
parents
need to
produce
medical
evidence
and ask the
parents to
medical
certificate
by
calling them
Monitor
repeated or Office staff
ongoing
absence via
weekly staff
meeting
and
attendance
records.
Table 2 Action Plan ll

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