05-May-20

World War II • Neville Chamberlain proclaimed that we had preserved “peace in our time.”
 Started 1939-1945. • B. Reactions
 I. Dictators Rise To Power • Appeasement-France and Britain had adopted the policy of giving
A. Treaty of Versailles- in to Hitler's demands to avoid war.
 created depression in Europe and resentment in Germany. • Hitler broke his promise and took over all of Czechoslovakia
 Countries were economically ruined and people feared Communism in the • IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression
East. • Axis Powers:
B. New Leaders • Germany
 Leaders promised a bright future for their people and blamed others. • Italy wanted to be the center of the world
• Benito Mussolini-Italy-Fascist Party • Japan
• Adolf Hitler-Germany-Nazi Party
• Hitler believed in a "master race" of Germans and used secret
police and the military to control and manipulate the people 1 3

II. American Position • 1931-1932-Japan invaded and conquered Manchuria

• A. Good Neighbor Policy-continued in the face a new developments. Many • 1935-Italy invaded and annexed Ethiopia
Americans promoted isolationism. • 1935-1936-Germany violated Treaty of Versailles with conscription and
• Congress passed the Neutrality Acts to keep the United States out of armed remilitarizing the Rhineland
conflicts. • 1936-1939-Germany and Italy aided Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil
• B. Roosevelt Challenges Isolationism War
• Japan continued actions in China and the U.S. supported • 1937-Japan conquered Chinese coastal areas
China with arms and funds to rebuild. • 1938-Hitler invaded and annexed Austria to protect German speaking people
• -Roosevelt wanted to "quarantine" the aggressors. • 1938-Munich Pact-France and Britain allowed Hitler to take the
III. Hitler Marches in Europe Sudetenland if he would demand no more territory. 6 months
later, he broke his promise and took all of Czechoslovakia.
• B. Reactions
• 1939-Mussolini invaded and annexed Albania
• Munich Pact-Allowed Hitler to invade the Sudetenland if he would stop
there.
2 4

1
 05-May-20

• 1939-Germany signed the Non-Aggression Pact with Russia saying that • 4. Germany bombed Great Britain for 3 months to soften the island's
Russia would not interfere in Poland if Germany wouldn't defenses for invasion.
interfere in the Baltic states. • The British air force claimed victory in this Battle of Britain when Hitler
• *Sept. 1, 1939-Germany invaded Poland, France & Britain declared war on chose to postpone his invasion of Britain.
Germany, starting WWII B. U.S. Actions
• Long Range Causes of WWII: 1. Lend-Lease Act-1941-President could lend or lease goods to anyone whose
Dictatorships defense was vital to the United States.
Militarism 2. U.S. imposed embargo on Japan and froze all Japanese assets in the U.S
 Nationalism • Pearl Harbor
Imperialism • December 7, 1941-Japanese wanted to buy some time to strengthen their
Failure of Appeasement position. Our fleet in Hawaii was a threat to their dominance of the Pacific
islands

5 7

• V. Early Action of the War • Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto said "I fear all we have done is to
• A. German Successes awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve."
1. Germany unleashed blitzkrieg warfare (lightning war). Quick and effective • Japanese reaction: "We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby
coordination of all parts of the military. lost the war."
2. Germany rolled through Poland and easily took Denmark & Norwayto • American Results:
secure naval bases. • All together the Japanese sank or severely damaged 18 ships, including 8
• 3. Germany invaded France through Belgium & the Netherlands. Nazi armies battleships, 3 light cruisers, and 3 destroyers. On the airfields the Japanese
easily defeated the Allies and France surrendered. _Germany set up a puppet destroyed 161 American planes and seriously damaged 102.
government in the south at Vichy and occupied the north. • U.S casualties: 2403 dead, 1178 wounded
• American Results:
• 16 Congressional Medals of Honor,
• 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Crosses,
• 4 Navy and Marine Corps Medals,
6 • 1 Distinguished Flying Cross, 8

2
 05-May-20

• 4 Distinguished Service Crosses, • Yalta Conference-Feb. 1945, Stalin, Churchill, and FDR met to discuss the end
• 1 Distinguished Service Medal, and of the war. They agreed to divide, occupy, and denazify Germany. Critics said
that too much was given to Russia. They were basically allowed to control
• 3 Bronze StarswereawardedtotheAmericanservicemenwho Eastern Europe.
distinguished themselves
• The Death of Franklin Roosevelt
• Franklin Roosevelt called it “a date which will live in infamy
• President Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 from a cerebral hemorrhage
• VI. War on the Homefront
• Harry Truman becomes president only 82 days after being elected VP. FDR
• 1. Agencies were created to coordinate war production in was president for 12+ years.
factories.
• Japanese successes were stopped at the Battle of the Coral Sea and at the
2. Government regulated prices and rationed some supplies.
Battle of *Midway. (1942)
3. War cost $330 billion-income taxes increased and war bonds were
sold. •

9 11

• 1. Agencies were created to coordinate war production in • 2. Allies used "island-hopping" recapturing the Phillipines, Guam, Iwo Jima,
factories. etc. The Japanese lost 20,000 of their 22,000 soldiers defending Iwo Jima.
2. Government regulated prices and rationed some supplies. The U.S. casualties were 26,000 dead or wounded.
3. War cost $330 billion-income taxes increased and war bonds were sold. • Facts about the Atomic Bombs
• B. Civil Liberties • -The Manhattan Project was the government program headed by J.
1. No laws were passed to restrict freedom of speech or press. Robert Oppenheimer that developed the weapons.
2. Japanese Americans were feared and forced to "relocation" centers, aka • -The two bombs were known as “Little Boy” and “Fat Man
interment camps. • -The Manhattan Project was the government program headed by J.
 VII. War Comes to an End Robert Oppenheimer that developed the weapons.
• Victory in Europe • -The two bombs were known as “Little Boy” and “Fat Man
• 1. *Battle of El Alamein-1942-British defeated Germans in North Africa • The bombs killed over 200,000 people on or just after the days of explosion
leading to full Allied invasion of Africa and Italy.

10 12

3
 05-May-20

• VIII. Results of the War • When Allied armies liberated these camps, they found some
• Changes in Warfare survivors and thousands of victims.
1. Total war-civilians of countries participated in any way possible. • Jews were not the only prisoners or victims. Anyone who was
2. Global war-60 nations involved on 3 continents. subversive or “undesirable” was sent to the camps.
3. Technology-radar, guided missiles, jets, atom bombs, new medicines. • These included: Poles, Gypsies, handicapped, homosexuals, Soviet
4. Airplanes-air combat became essential to warfare. citizens, religious opponents, and political prisoners. Each had their
B. Economic Costs own symbol to wear in the camps, designating what type of prisoner they
1. War cost billions of dollars and ruined economies. were
C. Social Costs • Yellow=Jewish
1. 22 million dead & 34 million wounded • Red
2. Millions of refugees left their home countries
• political prisoner
3. Genocide-Hitler's racial policies including the extermination of over 6
million Jews in concentration camps throughout Europe. • Pink=Homosexual
13 15

• The Holocaust • Green=criminal

• Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party sent millions of European Jews to • Black=asocial
concentration camps all over the continent. • Brown=Gypsies
• Prisoners at these camps were mistreated, underfed, and diseased. • Purple=
• The prisoners were used as forced • Religious prisoner
• The most notorious of these camps were: • Blue=immigrant, forced labor
• Dachau, Auschwitz, Bergen Belsen, Sobibor, Treblinka, Buchenwald, etc. • D. Political Costs
• The Jewish population of Europe was devastated. Over 90% of all Jews in • 1. Colonialism in Africa & Asia declined as France and Britain lost power.
Poland, Austria, Hungary, Germany, and the Baltic States were • 2. Soviet Union acquired satellite states in Eastern Europe.
executed
• 3. United Nations was founded to keep world peace.
• 4. Germany was divided into Communist East and Democratic West.
•
14 16

4
 05-May-20

• The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers.

6. The Atomic Age began
• The Nuremberg Trials
• Series of tribunals in which prominent members of the Nazi Party were
prosecuted for their involvement in the war and crimes against humanity
associated with the Holocaust.

17