Taibah University
College of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department
IE-442-Engineering Reliability and Maintainability
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Reliability & Maintainability Engineering
Introduction
Term and Definition
Reliability is defined to be the probability that a component or
system will perform a required function for a given period of time t
when used under stated operating conditions - R(t).
Term and Definition
Maintainability is defined to be the
probability that a failed component or
system will be restored or repaired to a
specified condition within a period of
time when maintenance is performed in
accordance with prescribed
procedures- M(t).
Term and Definition
Availability is defined as the probability that a component
or system is performing its required function at a given point
in time when used under stated operating conditions - A(t)
Study of Reliability and Maintainability
Increased complexity and sophistication of systems,
Public awareness and insistence on product quality,
New laws and regulations concerning product liability
profit considerations resulting from the high cost of
failures
Why Reliability and Maintainability ?
Life cycle costing
Cost-benefit analysis
Operational capability study
Inventory and spare parts requirement determinations
Replacement decisions
Reliability vs Quality
Reliability is closely associated with the quality of a
product and is often considered a subset of quality.
Quality can be defined qualitatively as the amount by
which the product satisfies the user’s requirements.
Product quality is in part a function of design and
conformance to design specifications.
On the other hand, reliability is concerned with how
long the product continues to function once it becomes
operational.
Random vs Deterministic
Deterministic is complete information or under certainty condition”
“Random is incomplete information or under uncertainty
condition”
Statistical And Mathematical Overview
Statistical And Mathematic Overview
Random Events
• Two events A and B mutually exclusive if the occurrence of one precludes
the occurrence of the other.
𝑃 (𝐴∪𝐵) =𝑃 (𝐴) +𝑃 (𝐵)
𝐴∩𝐵 =∅
• Two events A and B independent if and only if
𝑃 (𝐴∩𝐵) =𝑃 (𝐴)× 𝑃(𝐵)
• If two events are not independent, the probability of their intersection must
be defined using conditional probability.
Examples
Examples
Statistical And Mathematic Overview
Random variable
Random variable is a variable that takes on numerical
values in accordance with some probability distribution.
Random variable may be either continuous or discrete.
The probability distribution that assigns a probability to
each value of a discrete random variable or assign a
probability to an interval of values of a continuous random
variable can be describe in term of PMF in discrete case
and PDF in continuous case.
S
l
i
d Discrete Random Variables
e
1
5
o
f A random variable X is said to be discrete if it can take
4
0 on at most a countable number of values, say, x1, x2, ... .
The probability that X is equal to xi is given by
and
where p(x) is the probability mass function.
The distribution function F(x) is
Simulation Modeling and Analysis – Chapter 4 – Review of Basic Probability and Statistics
Continuous Random Variables
A random variable X is said to be continuous if there exists a
nonnegative function f(x), the probability density function, such that
for any set of real numbers B, (e.g., B could be all real numbers
between 1 and 2),
(where “” means “contained in”).
f(x), denoted as the pdf of X, satisfies:
1. f ( x) 0 , for all x in R X
2. f ( x)dx 1
Simulation Modeling and
Rx range space
AnalysisR X– Chapter 4 –
3. of
Review x) 0, if x is not in
f (Basic RX
Probability and Statistics Slide 16 of 40
Continuous Random Variables
If x is a number and ∆x > 0, then
which is the left shaded area in Figure 4.3.
Slide 17 of 40
1
8
Continuous Random Variables
Example: Life of an inspection device is given by X, a
continuous random variable with pdf:
1 x / 2
e , x0
f ( x) 2
0, otherwise
X has an exponential distribution with mean 2 years
Probability that the device’s life is between 2 and 3 years is:
1 3 x / 2
P(2 x 3) e dx 0.14
2 2
Questions?
