ENGR.
MARK JOREN CRISOLOGO
Archimedes’ Principle
A principle discovered by the Greek scientist Archimedes that states that “any body immersed
in a fluid is acted upon by an upward force (buoyant force) equal to the weight of the
displaced fluid.”
This principle, also known as law of hydrostatics, applies to both floating and submerged
bodies, and to all fluids.
`
Buoyancy
+↑∑Fv = 0;
BF = W
BF = W = γV
γliq Vsub = γobj Vobj
BF
Buoyancy
P1 = γh
P2 = γ(h+x)
h
W = γhA
W
F = γ(h+x)A
P1 BF = F - W
BF = γ(h+x)A - γhA
P3 P4
x BF = γA(h+x-h)
BF = γAx
P2
BF = γV
F
BF = γliq Vsub
Problem 1
An iceberg having a specific gravity of 0.92 is floating on a salt water of sp. gr. 1.03. If the
volume of ice above the water surface is 1000 cu. m, what is the total volume of the ice?
Ans: 9,363.64 cu. m
Problem 2
A block of wood 0.60 m x 0.60 m x h meters in dimension was thrown into the water and
floats with 0.18 m projecting above the water surface. The same block was thrown into a
container of a liquid having a specific graving of 0.90 and it floats 0.14 m projecting above the
surface. Determine the following
a.) the value of h
b.) the specific gravity of the block
c,) the weight of the block
Ans:
a) 0.54 m
b) 0.667
c) 1.272 kN
Problem 3
A stone weighs 460 N in air. When submerged in water, it weighs 300 N. Find the a.) volume
and b.) specific gravity of the stone.
Ans:
a) 0.0163 cu. m
b) 2.875
Problem 4
The block shown in the Figure weights 12’ x 12’
35,000 lbs. Find the value of h
9 ft 3 ft
oil
Ans:
1.495 ft
h
water
Problem 5
If a 5-kg steel plate is attached to one end of a 0.1 m x 0.3 m x 1.20 m wooden pole.
a.) what is the length of the pole above water? Use sg. of the wood of 0.50. Neglect the
buoyant force on steel
b.) what is the length of the pole above water? Use sg. of the wood of 0.50 and that of steel
7.85.
Ans:
a.) 0.43 m
b.) 0.455 m
Problem 6
A tank contains two liquids, half of which has a specific gravity of 1.2 and other half has
specific gravity of 1.5. A metal sphere with radius of 200 mm and specific gravity of 7.4 is
submerged such that half of the sphere is in the liquid of s.g. = 1.2 and the other half is in the
liquid is in the liquid with s.g= 1.5
a.) Evaluate the buoyant force acting on the sphere in N.
b.) Obtain the tension (N) of the cable to keep the sphere in this condition?
c.) If the liquid is all water, determine the buoyant force (N) on the sphere.
Ans:
a.) 443.8 N
b.) 1988.82 N
c.) 328.73 N
Problem 7
A 2m x 3m x 1.2m thick block of ice
(sp.gr. = 0.917) floats in cold seawater,
sp. gr = 1.026.
a.) How deep is the ice submerged?
b.) How deep is the ice submerged if a
seal weighing 250 kg sits on it?
1.2m
Ans:
a.) 1.073 m
b.) 1.113 m
Homework # 3
1. A piece of lead (sp. gr 11.5) is tied to a 120 cc of cork whose specific gravity is 0.25. They
float just submerged in water. What is the weight of the lead?
Homework # 3
2. A cube 2.5 ft on an edge has its lower half of s.g = 1.7 and upper half of s.g = 0.8, It rests in
a two-layer fluid, with lower s.g = 1.4 and upper s.g = 0.9. Determine the h of the top of the
cube above the interface.
Homework # 3
3. The 6ft diameter cylinder weight 5000 lb
and is 5 ft long. C
a.) Determine the upward force due to the
effect of the oil on the left side
b.) Compute the horizontal reaction at A.
c.) Compute the vertical reaction at B A
