A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked. The blockage is usually due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the heart's arteries. Sometimes, a blockage can break open and form a blood clot that blocks blood flow, damaging or destroying part of the heart muscle. Heart attacks require immediate medical treatment to prevent death. Call 911 or emergency services if you think you're having a heart attack.
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked. The blockage is usually due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the heart's arteries. Sometimes, a blockage can break open and form a blood clot that blocks blood flow, damaging or destroying part of the heart muscle. Heart attacks require immediate medical treatment to prevent death. Call 911 or emergency services if you think you're having a heart attack.
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked. The blockage is usually due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the heart's arteries. Sometimes, a blockage can break open and form a blood clot that blocks blood flow, damaging or destroying part of the heart muscle. Heart attacks require immediate medical treatment to prevent death. Call 911 or emergency services if you think you're having a heart attack.
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked. The blockage is usually due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the heart's arteries. Sometimes, a blockage can break open and form a blood clot that blocks blood flow, damaging or destroying part of the heart muscle. Heart attacks require immediate medical treatment to prevent death. Call 911 or emergency services if you think you're having a heart attack.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 12
Lewati ke konten
Halaman Beranda Klinik Mayo
Gabung
Mencari
Menu
Penyakit & Kondisi
Serangan jantung
Minta janji temu
Gejala &
Penyebab
Diagnosis &
pengobatan
Dokter &
departemen
Di halaman ini
Ringkasan
Gejala
Kapan harus ke dokter
Penyebab Faktor risiko
Komplikasi
Pencegahan
Ringkasan
Serangan jantung terjadi ketika aliran darah ke jantung sangat berkurang atau tersumbat. Penyumbatan tersebut biasanya disebabkan oleh penumpukan lemak, kolesterol dan zat lain di arteri jantung (koroner). Endapan lemak yang mengandung kolesterol disebut plak. Proses penumpukan plak disebut aterosklerosis.
Terkadang, plak bisa pecah dan membentuk gumpalan yang menghambat aliran darah. Kurangnya aliran darah dapat merusak atau menghancurkan sebagian otot jantung.
Serangan jantung
Serangan jantung
Serangan jantung terjadi ketika arteri yang mengirimkan darah dan oksigen ke jantung tersumbat. Endapan lemak yang mengandung kolesterol menumpuk seiring waktu, membentuk plak di arteri jantung. Jika plak pecah, bekuan darah bisa terbentuk. Gumpalan tersebut dapat menyumbat arteri, menyebabkan serangan jantung. Saat serangan jantung, kurangnya aliran darah menyebabkan jaringan di otot jantung mati.
Serangan jantung juga disebut infark miokard.
Diperlukan pengobatan segera pada serangan jantung untuk mencegah kematian. Hubungi 911 atau bantuan medis darurat jika Anda merasa mengalami serangan jantung.
Lewati Iklan
Iklan
Mayo Clinic tidak mendukung perusahaan atau produk. Pendapatan iklan mendukung misi nirlaba kami. Periklanan & Sponsor
Kebijakan
Peluang
Pilihan Iklan
Gejala
Gejala serangan jantung bermacam-macam. Beberapa orang memiliki gejala ringan. Yang lainnya memiliki gejala yang parah. Beberapa orang tidak memiliki gejala.
Gejala umum serangan jantung meliputi:
Nyeri dada yang mungkin terasa seperti tertekan, sesak, nyeri, diremas atau ngilu
Nyeri atau ketidaknyamanan yang menyebar ke bahu, lengan, punggung, leher, rahang, gigi, atau terkadang perut bagian atas
Keringat dingin
Kelelahan
Sakit maag atau gangguan pencernaan
Sakit kepala ringan atau pusing mendadak
Mual
Sesak napas
Wanita mungkin mengalami gejala yang tidak lazim seperti nyeri singkat atau tajam yang terasa di leher, lengan, atau punggung. Terkadang, gejala pertama serangan jantung adalah serangan jantung mendadak.
Beberapa serangan jantung menyerang secara tiba-tiba. Namun banyak orang yang sudah mengetahui tanda dan gejala peringatan beberapa jam, hari, atau minggu sebelumnya. Nyeri atau tekanan di dada (angina) yang terus terjadi dan tidak hilang setelah istirahat mungkin merupakan tanda peringatan dini. Angina disebabkan oleh penurunan sementara aliran darah ke jantung. Informasi Lebih Lanjut
Gejala serangan jantung
Kapan harus ke dokter
Dapatkan bantuan segera jika Anda merasa mengalami serangan jantung. Lakukan langkah-langkah ini:
Hubungi bantuan medis darurat. Jika Anda merasa mengalami serangan jantung, segera hubungi 911 atau nomor darurat setempat. Jika Anda tidak memiliki akses ke layanan medis darurat, mintalah seseorang mengantar Anda ke rumah sakit terdekat. Berkendara sendiri hanya jika tidak ada pilihan lain.
Take nitroglycerin, if prescribed to you by a health care provider. Take it as instructed while awaiting emergency help.
Take aspirin, if recommended. Taking aspirin during a heart attack may reduce heart damage by preventing blood clotting.
Aspirin can interact with other drugs. Don't take an aspirin unless your care provider or emergency medical personnel say to do so. Don't delay calling 911 to take an aspirin. Call for emergency help first.
What to do if you see someone who might be having a heart attack
If someone is unconscious and you think they're having a heart attack, first call 911 or your local emergency number. Then check if the person is breathing and has a pulse. If the person isn't breathing or you don't find a pulse, only then should you begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
If you're untrained in CPR, do hands-only CPR. That means push hard and fast on the person's chest — about 100 to 120 compressions a minute.
If you're trained in CPR and confident in your ability, start with 30 chest compressions before giving two rescue breaths.
From Mayo Clinic to your inbox
Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. Click here for an email preview. Email *
Masukkan email Anda
Subscribe!
Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data.
Causes
Coronary artery disease causes most heart attacks. In coronary artery disease, one or more of the heart (coronary) arteries are blocked. This is usually due to cholesterol-containing deposits called plaques. Plaques can narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.
If a plaque breaks open, it can cause a blood clot in the heart.
A heart attack may be caused by a complete or partial blockage of a heart (coronary) artery. One way to classify heart attacks is whether an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) shows some specific changes (ST elevation) that require emergency invasive treatment. Your health care provider may use electrocardiogram (ECG) results to describe these types of heart attacks.
An acute complete blockage of a medium or large heart artery usually means you've had an ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
A partial blockage often means you've had a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). However, some people with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) have a total blockage.
Not all heart attacks are caused by blocked arteries. Other causes include:
Coronary artery spasm. This is a severe squeezing of a blood vessel that's not blocked. The artery generally has cholesterol plaques or there is early hardening of the vessel due to smoking or other risk factors. Other names for coronary artery spasms are Prinzmetal's angina, vasospastic angina or variant angina.
Certain infections. COVID-19 and other viral infections may cause damage to the heart muscle. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). This life-threatening condition is caused by a tear inside a heart artery.
Risk factors
Heart attack risk factors include:
Age. Men age 45 and older and women age 55 and older are more likely to have a heart attack than are younger men and women.
Tobacco use. This includes smoking and long-term exposure to secondhand smoke. If you smoke, quit.
High blood pressure. Over time, high blood pressure can damage arteries that lead to the heart. High blood pressure that occurs with other conditions, such as obesity, high cholesterol or diabetes, increases the risk even more.
High cholesterol or triglycerides. A high level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol) is most likely to narrow arteries. A high level of certain blood fats called triglycerides also increases heart attack risk. Your heart attack risk may drop if levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol — the "good" cholesterol — are in the standard range.
Obesity. Obesity is linked with high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of triglycerides and bad cholesterol, and low levels of good cholesterol.
Diabetes. Blood sugar rises when the body doesn't make a hormone called insulin or can't use it correctly. High blood sugar increases the risk of a heart attack.
Metabolic syndrome. This is a combination of at least three of the following things: enlarged waist (central obesity), high blood pressure, low good cholesterol, high triglycerides and high blood sugar. Having metabolic syndrome makes you twice as likely to develop heart disease than if you don't have it.
Family history of heart attacks. If a brother, sister, parent or grandparent had an early heart attack (by age 55 for males and by age 65 for females), you might be at increased risk.
Not enough exercise. A lack of physical activity (sedentary lifestyle) is linked to a higher risk of heart attacks. Regular exercise improves heart health.
Unhealthy diet. A diet high in sugars, animal fats, processed foods, trans fats and salt increases the risk of heart attacks. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, fiber and healthy oils.
Stress. Emotional stress, such as extreme anger, may increase the risk of a heart attack.
Illegal drug use. Cocaine and amphetamines are stimulants. They can trigger a coronary artery spasm that can cause a heart attack. A history of preeclampsia. This condition causes high blood pressure during pregnancy. It increases the lifetime risk of heart disease.
An autoimmune condition. Having a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus can increase the risk of a heart attack.
Complications
Heart attack complications are often due to heart muscle damage. Potential complications of a heart attack include:
Irregular or atypical heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Heart attack damage can affect how electrical signals move through the heart, causing heartbeat changes. Some may be serious and can be deadly.
Cardiogenic shock. This rare condition occurs when the heart is suddenly and abruptly unable to pump blood.
Heart failure. A lot of damage to the heart muscle tissue can make the heart unable to pump blood. Heart failure can be temporary or long-lasting (chronic).
Inflammation of the saclike tissue surrounding the heart (pericarditis). Sometimes a heart attack triggers a faulty immune system response. This condition may be called Dressler syndrome, postmyocardial infarction syndrome or postcardiac injury syndrome.
Cardiac arrest. Without warning, the heart stops. A sudden change in the heart's signaling causes sudden cardiac arrest. A heart attack increases the risk of this life-threatening condition. It can lead to death (sudden cardiac death) without immediate treatment.
Prevention
It's never too late to take steps to prevent a heart attack — even if you've already had one. Here are ways to prevent a heart attack.
Follow a healthy lifestyle. Don't smoke. Maintain a healthy weight with a heart-healthy diet. Get regular exercise and manage stress.
Manage other health conditions. Certain conditions, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, can increase the risk of heart attacks. Ask your health care provider how often you need checkups.
Take medications as directed. Your health care provider may prescribe drugs to protect and improve your heart health. It's also a good idea to learn CPR properly so you can help someone who's having a heart attack. Consider taking an accredited first-aid training course, including CPR and how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED).
More Information
Heart attack prevention: Should I avoid secondhand smoke?
Request an appointment
By Mayo Clinic Staff
Oct 09, 2023
Print
Show References
Diagnosis & treatment
Diseases & Conditions
Heart attack symptoms & causes
Patient Stories from Mayo Clinic
Ceramide testing reveals risk of heart attack
Close-to-home care critical for heart attack survivor
Merangkul kesehatan setelah serangan jantung masif
Berita dari Mayo Clinic
Tanya Jawab Mayo Clinic: Perubahan gaya hidup untuk mengurangi risiko serangan jantung dan stroke Q and A Mayo Clinic: Langkah perawatan diri dapat menjaga kesehatan jantung selama liburan
Gejala serangan jantung pada wanita seringkali berbeda dibandingkan pria
Informasi Lebih Lanjut
Suplemen Kalsium: Faktor Risiko Serangan Jantung?
Suntikan Flu Mencegah Serangan Jantung
Serangan jantung
Pencegahan serangan jantung: Haruskah saya menghindari perokok pasif?
Tampilkan lebih banyak konten terkait
Prosedur Terkait
Kateterisasi jantung
Rontgen dada
Angiogram koroner
Operasi bypass arteri koroner
Tampilkan lebih banyak prosedur terkait
CON-20373087
Pers Klinik Mayo
Lihatlah buku terlaris dan penawaran khusus untuk buku dan buletin dari Mayo Clinic Press .
Mayo Clinic tentang Inkontinensia
Buku Diabetes Esensial
Mayo Clinic tentang Pendengaran dan Keseimbangan
Penilaian Diet Mayo Clinic GRATIS
Surat Kesehatan Mayo Clinic - buku GRATIS
Iklan
Hadiah Anda memiliki kekuatan yang besar – donasikan hari ini!
Berikan hadiah Anda yang dapat mengurangi pajak dan jadilah bagian dari penelitian dan perawatan mutakhir yang mengubah dunia kedokteran.
Menyumbangkan
Temukan dokter
Jelajahi karier
Mendaftarlah untuk mendapatkan buletin elektronik gratis
