WORLDWIDE Material Specification

ENGINEERING GMW14231
Textiles
STANDARDS

Automotive Fabrics

GMW3208 GMW6754
1 Scope GMW3211 GMW6992
1.1 Material Description. Fabrics covered by this GMW3217 GMW8081
specification are made from fibrous textile GMW3220 GMW14102
materials that are knit, woven, non-woven, or non- GMW3221 GMW14124
conventional in structure. This specification also
GMW3232 GMW14128
covers laminated fabric constructions.
GMW3235 GMW14141
1.1.1 For requirements for vehicles without solar
GMW3259 GMW14146
absorbing glass, contact the appropriate Materials
Engineer. All interior materials are developed to be GMW3283 GMW14162
used in vehicles with solar glass, therefore GMW3326 GMW14297
performance may be compromised if used in non- GMW3347 GMW14364
solar glass vehicles GMW3387 GMW14444
1.2 Symbols. This code defines the material GMW3390 GMW14775
construction and will be assigned by the GMW3402 GMW15058
responsible department.
GMW3405 GMW15651
1.3 Typical Applications. This specification
describes aesthetic fabrics used for interior trim GMW3414
applications such as seat covers, door trim panels, 2.3 Additional References.
overhead trim (headliner, visor, sunshade), pillar Best Practice #112003
coverings, windlace fabrics, rear window trim
(excluding carpet) and other applications.
3 Requirements
1.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, the requirements
for windlace fabrics are the same as those for 3.1 General Requirements.
headliner fabrics, 3.1.1 Standard Conditions (GMW3221-A). All test
specimens shall be conditioned to GMW3221
2 References Code A for a minimum of 24 h, unless the test
method indicates that standard conditioning is not
Note: Only the latest approved standards are required or that other conditions apply.
applicable unless otherwise specified.
3.1.2 Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications. All test specimens shall be taken from the area
AATCC 118 ISO 105-X12 beyond the initial 2 m of production and at least
ASTM 3882 ISO 5084 50 mm from either selvage edge. Prepare test
ISO 105-A01 ISO 9237 specimen as required in the respective test
method.
ISO 105-A02 ISO 12947
ISO 105-A03 ISO 13937-2 3.1.3 Visual Evaluation of Automotive Trim.
(GMW6992). The color, pattern, aesthetics and
ISO 105-B06 cond.5 ISO/IEC 17025 other related qualities shall be evaluated and
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. approved by the responsible engineering
GMW3001 GMW3417 department as an acceptable match to the
engineering approval sample when viewed under
GMW3010 GMW4090
conditions set forth in GMW6992.
GMW3059 GMW4141
3.1.4 Deviation from Defined Test Methods.
GMW3116 GMW4217
Deviations from the conditions of any test method
GMW3182 GMW4726 shall be agreed upon between supplier and vehicle
GMW3205 GMW4750 manufacturer. All deviations shall be specified on
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

the component drawings, material construction Report all individual test results that do not meet
specification form, and Statement of Requirements the requirements.
and shall be indicated as such on test certificates 3.1.8.2 Test Specimens. All tested specimens
and reports. submitted to GM by suppliers shall be stapled to
3.1.5 Documentation. Samples of components or size A4 white cardstock. On each card, list the test
material released to this specification shall be report number, material specification and section
tested for conformity with the requirements of this number, test date, observations, and disposition.
specification and approved by the responsible GM 3.1.9 Foam Requirements. The foam used in any
Department prior to the start of delivery of laminate construction must meet the requirements
production level components or materials. of GMW15058. The supplier shall provide
3.1.5.1 Any change to the component or material, documentation of foam approval.
e.g., design, function, properties, manufacturing 3.2 Construction Requirements. These
process and/or location of manufacture requires a requirements describe the initial testing to be
new release of the product. It is the sole completed when a new fabric construction is being
responsibility of the supplier to provide the considered. This testing may be done on face
customer, unsolicited, with documentation of any fabric or as a composite such as a foam laminate.
change or modification to the product/process, and For initial approval of foam laminated seating and
to apply for a new release. door fabrics, the thinnest foam used in production,
3.1.5.2 If not otherwise agreed to, the entire usually 3 mm, shall be tested. Initial construction
verification test shall be repeated and documented submissions shall be in a light value color with an
by the supplier prior to start of delivery of the L* value of 55.0 or higher. A construction and color
modified or changed product. In some cases a approval is valid when the testing in 3.2 and 3.3
shorter test can be agreed to, between the are complete.
responsible GM Department and the supplier. Note: Part processability may require different
3.1.6 Lab Accreditation. Lab testing shall be construction properties than those listed in this
performed by a laboratory that conforms, meets section. At the approval of the appropriate GM
requirements, may not be formally recognized by a engineer, deviations may be given in order to meet
third party, to ISO/IEC 17025 and is acceptable to the part processability requirements.
the responsible GM Department. Test reports must 3.2.1 Weight (GMW3182). Report the average in
conform to Sections 5.10.2 and 5.10.3 of g/m2 for the face fabric weight and the total fabric
ISO/IEC 17025. Supplier shall submit a letter of weight if laminated. Acceptable production
compliance. tolerances shall be ± 6%, unless otherwise stated
3.1.7 Material Construction Specification. All on the construction specification.
required information shall be reported on the Note: For initial approval, the minimum
Construction Specification Form (See Appendix A). requirement for the face weight without
A specification form shall be submitted along with backcoating for seat bolster and insert fabrics is
each fabric and fabric composite for engineering 300 g/m2 unless otherwise agreed upon by the
construction approval. Established values for a appropriate GM Engineer.
construction will be reported on and controlled
3.2.2 Thickness (ISO 5084). Report the average
within the limits established on the Construction
for three specimens, in mm to the nearest
Specification Form. These forms are available at
0.01 mm. Use a 2.0 N load and a 50.5 mm
gmsupplypower.com.
diameter presser foot to achieve a pressure of
(https://www.gmsupplypower.com/apps/supplypow
1.0 kPa. For foam laminates, use a 4.0 N load and
er/NASApp/spcds/CDSRetrieval?id=111180&toggl
a 200 ±0.8 mm diameter presser foot to achieve a
efolder=885&doc_lang=en&lob=engineering).
pressure of 0.127 kPa. All readings should be
3.1.8 Lab Data Forms. All required information taken after the presser foot has been in contact
shall be reported on the appropriate test data with the material for at least 5 s. Acceptable
reporting forms. Submit all required test production tolerance will be ± 10% for face fabric
specimens. (See Appendix B). These forms are materials and ± 15% for laminate composites,
available at gmsupplypower.com). unless otherwise specified on the construction
3.1.8.1 Data Reporting. If all individual readings of specification.
a specific test meet or exceed the specified Note: For foam laminate constructions the
requirements, report the average. Unless specified foam thickness is detailed in the Fabric
otherwise stated, any individual reading outside the SOR. Foam thickness is measured after
specified limit does not meet the requirement. lamination.
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

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GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

3.2.3 Color Read Through of Automotive Textiles cross machine direction (CMD) face up only. The
(GMW4750). Evaluate and rate changes to the ISO bending length shall be between 30 and 100 mm.
Grey Scale for Color Change, ISO 105-A02. The 3.2.11 Tensile Strength and Elongation
minimum acceptable value for the face fabric is (GMW3010 Codes A & S). In addition to the MD
4.5. No noticeable read through allowed when and CMD, test three specimens each from the bias
evaluated. left and bias right. Established values for a
3.2.4 Fiber Show Through, Perforated Fabrics construction will be reported on and controlled
Only. No fiber show through is allowed on within the limits established on the Construction
perforated fabrics. All dark color perforated fabrics Specification Form. Report the average tensile
should have a dark colored backing and all light strength. Also report elongation at 25 N, 100 N,
color perforated fabrics should have a light colored and at break. Report bias for information only.
backing unless otherwise agreed upon with the Refer to Table 1 for requirements and
appropriate GM Engineer. tensile/elongation test parameters.
3.2.5 Yarn Count (GMW4090). Report the
average count to the nearest yarn, for each Table 1: Tensile and Elongation Requirements.
direction.
Tensile Elongation
3.2.6 Bow and Skew (ASTM 3882). The degree of
Minimum Strength (@ 50 N)
pattern misalignment must not be visually
unacceptable in appearance, and when measured Requirements MD/
over 400 mm across any point of useable fabric MD CMD Code
CMD
width, shall not exceed the limits below:
Knit headliner,
3.2.6.1 Grade 1: High contrast/Large, repeatable visor,
pattern/Highly geometric: 2.5% maximum sunshade,
3.2.6.2 Grade 2: Medium contrast/Smaller 133 N 16% 30% A
rear window
pattern/Subtle geometry: 3.5% maximum trim, and pillar
3.2.6.3 Grade 3: Non-patterned: 5.0% maximum fabric
3.2.6.4 The grade of the fabric shall be assigned Knit (all 250 N 5% 5% S
by the GM approving engineer prior to granting others)
construction approval.
Nonwoven
3.2.7 Yarn Slippage (GMW14146). For seating
headliner,
fabrics only. The minimum requirement for woven
visor,
fabrics in both the warp and fill directions is ≥ 50 N.
sunshade, 133 N 10% 25% A
For knitted fabrics, the minimum requirements for
rear window
the wales and course directions are ≥ 30 N.
trim and pillar
3.2.8 Ravel Resistance (GMW3217). For woven fabric
fabrics only. A minimum of two test specimens
shall be taken from both the warp and fill Nonwoven (all 300 N 8% 12% S
directions. A rating of ≥ 8 is required after others)
1000 cycles. Woven 400N 2% or 2% or S
3.2.9 Seam Fatigue (GMW3405). For seating seating/doors 4% at 4% at
fabrics only. The joining seam of a fabric shall have 100 N 100 N
no slippage (increased distance between rows of
yarns), noticeable fiber or yarn breakage, fractures All others 400 N 5% 5% S
of the sew line, needle hole elongation > 2 mm nor
an objectionable seam appearance after
3.2.12 Stretch and Set. (GMW3211). For seating
2500 cycles. Seam appearance shall be judged on
fabrics only. Test three specimens from the MD
a sew line when observed from the face side.
and three from the CMD; report the average for
Seam evaluation may also be conducted on the
each direction. The maximum allowable stretch is
sewn assembly and disposition made in
25%; the maximum allowable set is ≤ 4%.
accordance with these results.
3.2.12.1 Production stretch tolerance shall be ± 5%
3.2.10 Flexibility (GMW3390). For unlaminated
if initial value is ≤ 20%, and ± 10% if initial value is
seating fabrics only. Five specimens shall be
> 20%. The stretch tolerance will be reported on
tested from each direction for bending length only.
Report the average for machine direction (MD) and
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GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

and controlled within the limits established on the Nonwoven, all applications X
Construction Specification Form.
3.2.13 Tear Strength. Test three specimens from All non-seating applications X
the MD and three specimens from the CMD; for Note: T= Taber, M= Martindale, S= Schopper.
Trouser Tear consider the short direction of the
test specimen the direction of test. Report the
average for each direction in N. 3.2.14.1 Taber Method (GMW3208). Test using a
1000 g weight and CS-10 wheels for 1000 cycles.
3.2.13.1 Trapezoid Tear (GMW3326). Use for For all non-seating applications test using a 500 g
woven, nonwoven and all headliner type fabrics. weight and H-38 wheels for 300 cycles. Three
The minimum strength shall be as specified in
specimens shall be tested. A rating of ≥ 6 is
Table 2 for both MD and CMD. considered to meet this requirement.

Table 2: Trapezoid Tear Minimum Strength

Table 4: Taber Method Rating Scale
Headliner Type Fabrics Minimum Requirement
Rating Definition
Knit or nonwoven 29 N 10 No Change
headliner, visor,
sunshade & windlace 8 Slight Change – Fluffy surface, slight fiber
disturbance, no fiber breakage.
Knit or nonwoven pillar 36 N
& rear window trim 6 Moderate Change – Disturbance of
surface yarns and fibers, minimal fiber
Other Applications Minimum Requirement breaks, slight pile distortion
(Seating, IP, Doors)
4 Significant Change – Partial yarn
Knit Use Trouser Tear
abrasion with 50% or more fiber
Woven 45 N breakage, permanent distortion or
reduction of pile fibers, and/ or loss of
Nonwoven 135 N pattern or design intent pattern
2 Severe Change – Holes, removal of pile,
3.2.13.2 Trouser Tear (ISO 13937-2). Use for knit and/or backing is visible
fabrics, excluding headliner type fabrics. The
minimum tear strength shall be 26 N for both MD
and CMD. The electronic method of calculation 3.2.14.2 Martindale Method (ISO 12947- Part I, II,
shall be used. and IV). Pressure applied is 12 kPa. Test for
3.2.14 Resistance to Wear/Abrasion. Test fabrics 35 000 cycles for insert fabrics and 50 000 cycles
for wear based on applications and fabric types in for bolster fabrics. Three specimens shall be
Table 3. tested. No holes are allowed and the rating on the
ISO Grey Scale for Color Change shall be ≥ 3.
3.2.14.3 Schopper Method (GMW3283). Test
Table 3: Resistance to Wear/Abrasion 2 specimens using a 1000 g weight for 200 cycles
Fabric Type T M S (weight loss). Requirement for maximum weight
loss is 5 g/m2 after 200 cycles. No holes after
Flat woven bolster, not backcoated X X 1000 cycles.
Flat woven insert, not backcoated X 3.2.15 Hook Fastener Resistance (GMW15651).
After 48 cycles, a rating of ≥ 8 is required for seat
Woven pile, backcoated X insert and bolster applications (see Table 5). After
Flat woven bolster & insert, X 24 cycles, a rating of ≥ 6 is required for door panel,
backcoated headrest or seat side facing applications.

Knit pile, not backcoated X

Flat knit, backcoated X
Flat knit insert, not backcoated X
Flat knit bolster, not backcoated X X

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GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Table 5: Hook Fastener Resistance Rating 3.2.18.2, test all fabrics to GMW14124, Cycle R.
Cut one 300 x 300 mm specimen marked parallel
Rating Definition to the MD (see Figure 1). Report the percent
10 No Change change in each direction of the specimen after
completing 20 cycles of Cycle R.
8 Slight Change – slightly fluffy surface;
slight fiber disturbance with no yarn
breakage; no change in design intent. 300 mm

6 Moderate Change – fluffy surface and

noticeable fiber breakage causing a 200 mm
change in design intent; slight yarn 300 mm
breakage; slight bearding.
200 mm
4 Significant Change –, significant amount
of yarn or fiber breakage; noticeable
bearding.
2 Severe Change – Severe bearding and Figure 1: Shrinkage Test Specimen
surface distortion.
3.2.19 Lint Pick-up and Retention (GMW3347).
For pile and napped seating fabrics only. A rating
3.2.16 Snagging Resistance, Rivet Method
(GMW14775). Applicable for fabrics with long ≥ 6 is required for lint pick-up. A rating ≥ 8 is
floats, generally ≥ 2 mm floats, at the discretion of required for lint retention after 5 total strokes to and
the GM engineer. Test in the MD, CMD, bias left fro of the vacuum. For double needle bar pile
and bias right directions. The requirement is no fabrics, test specimens from both sides (top and
snagging or catching of the float by the rivet, in all bottom) and record the piece number for each,
directions and angles of test. along with the rating.
3.2.20 Crocking (ISO 105-X12). The results shall
3.2.17 Pile Distortion - Environmental
(GMW4141). For pile fabrics only. A rating of ≥ 6 in be ≥ 4 when compared to the ISO Grey Scale for
the direction producing the worst distortion, as Staining, ISO 105-A03 after ten strokes to and fro
defined in the test method, is required. for both wet and dry conditions. For wet testing,
use a 65% ± 5% wet pick-up of the crocking cloth.
3.2.18 Dimensional Stability. Dimensional
change shall be ≤ 2.5% in the MD and CMD. The 3.2.21 Dye Migration (GMW14141). The rating of
specimen shall exhibit a satisfactory rating, which each fiber within the multi-fiber test fabric shall be
≥ 4 when compared to the ISO Grey Scale for
is no degradation nor delamination of the layers,
foam or film. Yellowing of the adhesive, foam or Staining, ISO 105-A03 and ≥ 4 for color change of
film that does not affect the appearance of the face the specimen using the ISO Grey Scale for Color
Change, ISO 105-A02. Perform using distilled or
fabric is allowed.
deionized water only.
3.2.18.1 Test all fabrics per GMW4217. Test one
specimen using the wet condition. Test another 3.2.22 Water Spotting (GMW14102). Specimen
size shall be 400 x 400 mm. Amount of water used
specimen using the dry condition. For both the wet
and dry condition, test the specimens twice. Report shall be 5.0 ml. Perform the water spotting
the dimensional changes for both wet and dry procedure three times on the same area, allowing
conditions after the first and second test. the specimen to dry for at least 24 h after each
application of water. Evaluate after each drying
3.2.18.1.1 For laminated fabrics report curl at process and report the most noticeable results. No
completion of the second cycle as directed in staining, ring formation or haptic change is
GMW4217. allowed. If the water wicks to the edge, increase
3.2.18.2 Test all fabrics per GMW14124 Cycle M. the specimen size.
One specimen shall be exposed to all conditions of 3.2.23 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402,
Cycle M two times. Measure the specimen while it Part A & B). For part A, perform test using the
is at each condition (e.g. hot condition, humidity soiling agents as specified in Table 6. Perform as
condition, cold and ambient). Report the received only.
dimensional change after each condition.
3.2.18.3 For instrument panel and rear window trim
applications only, in addition to 3.2.18.1 and
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GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Table 6: Specified Soiling Agents for Part A Note: Fabric or fabric laminates that will not be
100% bonded to a substrate (e.g. Cut and sew
Soiling application) are required to meet GMW3232 as
Application
Agents rolled goods. Fabric or fabric laminates that will be
Seating/Doors A to D, F to J 100% bonded to a substrate must meet GMW3232
as a composite (fabric laminate plus part
Headliner/Visors/Sunshade/Pillars/ F, H and I substrate).
Windlace
3.2.24.1 After Conditioning (GMW3232).
Rear Window Trim F and H Immediately prior to tests all test specimens shall
be conditioned for a minimum of 24 h according to
Instrument Panel (IP) B,C,F and H
GMW3221-A.
3.2.24.2 After Aging (GMW3232). The test cycle
3.2.23.1 Apply the soil and allow it to remain on the shall commence with 48 ± 1 h at 40 ± 3°C and
specimen for 1 h. Clean each specimen within 93 ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH) followed by
20 minutes after the 1 h waiting period. 168 ± 1 h at 90 ± 3°C and completed without
interruption. Repeat 3.2.24.1 before testing
flammability.
Table 7: Soil and Cleaner Resistance Rating
3.2.25 Mildew (GMW3259). There shall be no
Rating Definition visible growth or odor of mildew.
10 No Change 3.2.26 Odor (GMW3205). Report both wet and dry
results. A rating of ≥ 6 is required. Use a ratio of
8 Slight Change – Slight amount of staining specimen size to container size of 1:50.
visible upon close inspection.
3.2.27 Fogging (GMW3235, Code A
6 Moderate Change – Noticeable amount Photometric). Report the average fog number for
of staining visible. three specimens. A reflectance value of
90 minimum with either a dry uniform or dry non-
4 Significant Change – Objectionable uniform film is required. Specimens that form
amount of staining visible. crystals, an oily film, or discernable droplets
2 Severe Change – Intense staining; dark ≥ 0.05 mm in diameter at 40X magnification do not
stains on light color materials or light meet this requirement. The temperature shall be
stains on dark color materials. 90°C for seating, overhead/pillar and door trim
fabrics, and 110°C for rear window trim and
instrument panel fabrics.
3.2.23.2 View each soil specimen from various 3.2.28 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754
angles by rotating the specimen. Report the Method A). At the discretion of the approving GM
individual ratings for each tested specimen. Also engineer. For anti-static treated fabrics only. The
report the average of all soiled specimens. The requirement is ≤ 5 x 1010 Ω.
requirement is ≥ 6 for each tested specimen and
3.2.29 Air Permeability (ISO 9237). Required for
≥ 6 for the average. No ring formation or haptic seating and headliner fabrics. Report the air
change is allowed. permeability in mm/s using a test pressure of
3.2.23.3 For Part B, each tested specimen shall 100 Pa. Report on the Construction Specification
display no more than a slight appearance change Form.
after exposure to each cleaner. No ring formation 3.2.30 Sound Transparency (GMW14128). For
or haptic change of the specimen is allowed. A fabric to be used as a speaker covering only.
rating of ≥ 4 is also required when evaluated using
an ISO 105-A02 Gray Scale for Color Change The 3.2.31 Colorfastness to Artificial Light, Xenon
crocking cloth shall have a rating of ≥ 4 when Arc Method, A rating of ≥ 3 per ISO 105-A02 Grey
compared to the ISO 105-A03 Grey Scale for Scale for Color Change is required. Evaluate per
Staining. ISO 105-A01. A noticeable chroma (saturation)
change with minimum hue change is acceptable.
Note: See 3.5 for specific requirements related to Evaluate specimens as specified in GMW6992.
soil repellent treated fabrics for seating Polystyrene reference plastic and/or blue wool is to
applications.
be used to verify the xenon arc apparatus.
3.2.24 Flammability (GMW3232). For initial 3.2.31.1 100% Polyester Fabrics: Seating and
approval and routine quality control see 6.1.1.1 Below Beltline Trim Panel Applications. The
and 6.1.1.2. of GMW3232.
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GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

requirement for approval is 1204.0 kJ/m2 per Table 12: Xenon Method (GMW14162, Cycle C,
Table 8. 115°C, 300 to 400 nm).
Recommended For
Application
Table 8: Xenon Method (GMW3414, Cycle A, Level Information
105°C, 420 nm).
Rear Window 18.7 MJ/m2 37.3 MJ/m2
Application Requirement For Information Trim I/P
Seating/Door 903.0 kJ/m2
fabrics only 1204.0 kJ/m2
1053.5 kJ/m2 3.2.32 Natural Weathering (GMW3417
U/G-TSTL-XX). A rating of ≥ 3 per ISO 105-A02
Grey Scale for Color Change is required. Evaluate
3.2.31.2 All Other Applications: (other than per ISO 105-A01. A noticeable chroma (saturation)
3.2.31.1). Xenon shall be performed and reported change with minimum hue change is acceptable.
for information only. Methods listed in Tables 9 to Evaluate specimens as specified in GMW6992.
12 may be used.
3.2.32.1 Natural Weathering is performed for
Note: Natural Weathering is the requirement for information only if Xenon method 3.2.31.1 is used.
approval.
3.2.32.2 All other applications: (other than
3.2.31.1): Natural Weathering is the requirement
Table 9: Xenon Method (ISO 105-B06, for Colorfastness to Light approval. Artificial
Condition 5). Weathering is performed for information only per
3.2.31.2
Application Recommended Level
Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4 kJ/m2 Table 13: Natural Weathering
2
Pillar/Windlace 225.6 kJ/m Natural Weathering Exposure Requirement
Seating/Doors 338.6 kJ/m2 (Solar Absorbing Glass)
Rear Window Trim/IP 451.2 kJ/m2 Information
Application Temp Requirement
Only

Table 10: Xenon Method (GMW14162, Cycle A, Seating/ 102°C 40 NR kL 20 TNR kL

100°C, 420 nm for Pile Fabrics Only). Door 30 TNR kL
Recommended For 105 TNR kL
Application
Level Information Headliner/ 85°C 37.5 TNR kL 10 TNR kL
Headliner 329.0 kJ/m 2
658.0 kJ/m 2 Visor/ 20 TNR kL
2
Sunshade/
Seating/Doors 658.0 kJ/m 987.0 kJ/m2 Pillar/
Windlace
Table 11: Xenon Method (GMW14162, Cycle B, Rear 102°C 105 TNR kL 50 TNR kL
100°C, 300 to 400 nm). Window
Trim/IP
Recommended For
Application
Level Information
Headliner, 14 MJ/m2 28 MJ/m2 3.2.32.3 GM is responsible for conducting the
Sunvisor, natural weathering testing. Suppliers shall submit
Sunshade one A4 sample of material to the responsible
engineer at the developing region. This sample
Pillar,Windlace, 28 MJ/m2 42 MJ/m2 must be from the same lot of material that is tested
Seating/Doors for construction, and shall be submitted along with
the construction properties test sample submission
package. The sample shall be labeled “For Natural
Weathering Test” and include the suppliers name,
piece number, date, and GM Finish Symbol and
color number. GM will perform the specified natural

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GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

weathering test on this sample and advise the material or on a fabric composite following the
supplier of compliance or lack of compliance to the initial construction approval. All construction
requirement. requirements are expected to match the initial
3.2.33 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) After construction approval even though these
Artificial or Natural Weathering. Test the properties are not all retested for each color.
specimens from 3.2.31 or 3.2.32 for fiber Evaluate per ISO 105-A01.
degradation at the required and the highest 3.3.1 Crocking (ISO 105-X12). See 3.2.20.
exposure levels (if higher than the required 3.3.2 Dye Migration (GMW14141). See 3.2.21.
exposure level). Test after Natural Weathering if
3.3.3 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22.
Natural Weathering is the requirement and after
Artificial Weathering if Artificial Weathering is the 3.3.4 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402,
requirement. Evaluate per ISO 105-A01. A rating of Part A & B). See 3.2.23.
≥ 8 is required based on the exposure levels 3.3.5 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24.
indicated in the table used from Tables 8 to 13. A 3.3.6 Colorfastness to Artificial Light, Xenon
rating of ≥ 4 is required for the highest level of Arc Method. See 3.2.31.
exposure if higher than the required level.
3.3.7 Natural Weathering (GMW3417 U/G-TSTL-
3.2.34 Bond Strength (GMW3220). Laminates XX). See 3.2.32.
Only. Test three specimens from the MD and three
specimens from the CMD and report the average. 3.3.7.1 GM is responsible for conducting the
Bond strength shall be taken between fabric and natural weathering testing. Suppliers shall submit
foam and between foam and scrim as received and one A4 sample of the material to the responsible
after environmental cycling. Bonded on films used engineer at the developing region. This sample
must be from the same lot of material that is
in place of scrims are exempt from meeting the
bond requirements of scrim to foam. visually approved by GM, and shall be submitted
along with the color properties test sample
3.2.34.1 As Received (GMW3220). Foam and submission package. The sample shall be labeled
scrim used in laminate constructions shall meet the “For Natural Weathering Test” and include the
applicable GM materials specifications. The suppliers name, piece number, date, and GM
requirement is 6 N/5 cm minimum for foam to Finish Symbol and color number. GM will perform
fabric bond and 4 N/5 cm minimum for foam to the specified natural weathering test on this
scrim bond. sample and advise the supplier of compliance or
3.2.34.2 After Environmental Cycling per lack of compliance to the requirement
GMW14124 Cycle T or Q. The bond strength of 3.3.8 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) After
bilaminate or trilaminate constructions with foam Artificial and Natural Weathering. See 3.2.33.
shall be 3 N/5 cm minimum. If foam tears this is
3.4 Laminate, Requirements. These
considered to meet the requirement.
requirements describe the construction approval
3.2.34.3 As Received using a nonwoven scrim testing to be completed for fabric laminates after
(GMW3220). The bond strength of bilaminate initial construction approval has been achieved.
using nonwoven scrim shall be greater than the This section applies primarily to foam thickness
internal strength of the nonwoven. If a separation changes unless otherwise directed by the
occurs in the nonwoven, the minimum internal approving engineer. Testing shall be conducted on
strength shall be 44 N/5 cm. a production color. If the foam type, foam
3.2.35 Resistance to Automotive Enviromental supplier/location or scrim, change, then perform
Cycling (GMW14124, Cycle T or Q). For foam 3.2 in its entirety.
laminated fabrics only. The sample shall exhibit a Note: Initial approval of foam laminated seating
satisfactory rating, which is no degradation nor and door fabrics, is conducted using the thinnest
delamination of the layers, foam or film. Yellowing foam used in production, usually 3 mm. (See 3.2).
of the adhesive, foam or film that does not affect
the appearance of the face material beyond a Note: This section applies to seating and door
fabric laminates only. For all other fabric laminates,
slight amount is allowed.
perform 3.2 in its entirety.
3.2.36 Interior Emissions (GMW8081 - Relative
Emission). The relative emission shall be < 1.0. 3.4.1 Foam Requirements. The foam used in any
laminate construction must meet the requirements
3.3 Color Requirements. These requirements of GMW15058. The supplier shall provide
describe the testing to be completed for each fabric documentation of foam approval.
color once the initial construction has been
3.4.2 Weight (GMW3182) See 3.2.1.
approved. This testing may be done on a fabric
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 8 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

3.4.3 Thickness (ISO 5084) See 3.2.2. repellent/release, antimicrobial and anti-static
3.4.4 Tensile Strength and Elongation combination finishes.
(GMW3010 Code A). See 3.2.11. 3.5.3.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22.
3.4.5 Tear Strength. See 3.2.13. 3.5.3.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726). The
3.4.6 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22. requirement is ≥ 8.
3.4.7 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24. 3.5.3.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance
(GMW3402). See 3.2.23 Part A: Test for Codes A
3.4.8 Colorfastness to Artificial Light. Repeat
to P. The requirement is ≥ 8 for all required soils.
the method used for initial approval. See 3.2.31.
Codes M to P are to be performed for information
3.4.9 Bond Strength (GMW3220). See 3.2.34. only.
3.4.10 Resistance to Automotive Environmental 3.5.3.4 Oil Repellency (AATCC 118). A rating of
Cycling (GMW14124, Cycle T or Q). See 3.2.33. ≥ 7 is required.
3.4.11 Interior Emissions (GMW8081 - Relative 3.5.3.5 Odor (GMW3205). See 3.2.26.
Emission). See 3.2.36.
3.5.3.6 Antimicrobial Odor. Place 5 ml of whole
3.5 Additional Requirements. milk onto the surface of the fabric. Seal in a glass
3.5.1 Soil Repellent Requirements. This section jar and maintain at 24°C for 7 days. After
describes the additional requirements for soil conditioning per GMW3221-A for 24 h, open the jar
repellent treated seating fabrics. These tests are to and note any presence of sour milk or other
be performed at the time of construction approval. objectionable odor. A rating of ≥ 8 per GMW3205
Fabrics of a flat construction i.e. no pile surface, is required.
are required to have a soil repellent finish if the Note: whole milk= fresh (within the expiration
L* measurement for color value is higher than date), homogenized, full fat milk
31.0 (as measured on the plastic primary color
3.5.3.7 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754
master). Requirements are different depending on
Method A). The requirement is ≤ 5 x 1010 Ω.
the type of finish used as defined below. It is
expected that all soil repellent finishes are as 3.5.3.8 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24.
durable as the fabric to which they are applied and 3.6 Lab Test Certification Package. See 3.1.8.
effective for 10 years’ service life.
3.5.1.1 Fabrics not treated with a soil repellent 4 Manufacturing Process
finish, including dark color flat fabrics which are 4.1 Manufacturer’s Identification. Per Fabric
exempt from treatment per the Best Statement of Requirements (SOR).
Practice #112003, should not be expected to meet
4.2 Alignment. Not applicable.
all of these requirements, including water
repellency, oil repellency and surface energy. 4.3 Quality Control Monitoring. Per Fabric SOR.
3.5.2 Fluorocarbon Water Repellent Treated 4.4 Part Performance Processability.
Fabrics (Standard Treatment). (GMW14444). All fabrics covered by this
specification are subject to part performance
3.5.2.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22.
through part validation.
3.5.2.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726). The
4.5. Ingress/Egress/Jounce Seat Durability Test
requirement is ≥ 8.
(GMW14364). Per GM Validation Engineering
3.5.2.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance requirements, fabric must perform satisfactorily.
(GMW3402). See 3.2.23 Part A: Test for soils Tested seats are to be evaluated by GM Materials
Codes A-P. Codes M to P are to be performed for Engineering.
information only. The requirement is ≥ 6 for any
4.6 Cut, Sew and Processability. Seat source to
required soil and ≥ 8 for the average of all required
evaluate cut, sew and processability and report
soils. No ring formation or haptic change is
evaluation to GM Materials Engineering.
allowed.
4.7 Roll Direction. To be specified by the material
3.5.2.4 Oil Repellency AATCC 118. A rating of
source and communicated to all purchasers and on
≥ 3 is required.
the color masters.
3.5.2.5 Odor (GMW3205). See 3.2.26.
3.5.2.6 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24. 5 Rules and Regulations
3.5.3 Combination Treatment (Premium 5.1 All materials supplied to this standard must
Treatment). For fabrics treated with soil comply with the requirements of GMW3001, Rules
and Regulations for Material Specifications.
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 9 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

5.1.1 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Bearding: Strands of fibers that project from the
required for construction approval only, not surface of a textile, resembling a man’s beard
required for color submissions. Shall: Binding provision that must be met
5.2 All materials supplied to this standard must 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
comply with the requirements of GMW3059,
CMD Cross Machine Direction
Restricted and Reportable Substances for
Parts. IP Instrument Panel
5.3 Recycling Guidelines (GMW3116). All MD Machine Direction
materials developed to this specification shall be MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets
optimized to provide maximum end-of-life cycle RH Relative Humidity
value utilizing the Vehicle
SOR Statement of Requirements
Recyclability/Recoverability Calculation Sheet.
Recycled content shall be reported to the SSLT Sub System Leadership Team
approving and procuring Materials Engineering
Department utilizing the Part 8 Coding System
Recyclability/Recoverability Report Form. This standard shall be referenced in other
Reference Appendix A of GMW3116, Recyclability documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
Recoverability Guidelines.
Material per GMW14231
6 Approved Sources
9 Release and Revisions
Engineering qualifications of an approved source
are required for this standard. Only sources listed 9.1 Release. This standard originated in July 2005.
in the GM Materials File (i.e., GM Supply Power) It was first approved by the Global Textile
under this standard number have been qualified by Development Group in October 2005. It was first
engineering as meeting the requirements of this published in November 2005. It was converted to a
standard. GMW from GM2751M, also replacing GMW3023.
9.2 Revisions.
7 Notes Rev Approval Description (Organization)
7.1 Glossary. Date
Laminate: Face fabric that is 100% bonded to any A NOV 2007 Major Revision (Global
combination of foam, scrim, film, nonwoven Textile SSLT)
sheeting.
Composite: Fabric or fabric laminate that is 100%
bonded to a part substrate.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 10 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Appendix A
Construction Form A1: Knit Textile Construction Specification General Motors Corporation
(Every blank space must be filled in; report "N/A" if not applicable.)

Date:
Material Identification
Supplier: Version: Original Revision
Finish Symbol: Program (1st use):
Fabric Name: Model Year Start:
Style Number: Knit Type:
Fiber Content: % Recycle (Total/Post Consumer/Post Industrial):
Laminator:
Product Composition
Yarn Composition: (% of Total, Product Name and #, Yarn Source, Luster, Cross-section, Denier, Filament #, Turns/Twist Direction)
Face Yarn A
Yarn B
Yarn C
Middle Yarn E
Yarn F
Yarn G
Back Yarn I
Yarn J
Yarn K
Fourth Yarn M
Yarn N
Dyestuffs and Dye Method: Detail for each yarn, if not piece dyed

Water Repellent/Soil Repellent: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Flame Retardant: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Other Finishes: Purpose, Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Backings (backcoating, foam, scrim): Manufacturer & Product # for each

Manufacturing Set-up
Manufacturing Process Flow:

Machine Type: No. Bars: Gauge:

Pattern and Threading: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Ends: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Yardage Ratio: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Runner: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Physical Properties
(Report all values as nominal with tolerances)
Finished Width (mm): Greige Width (mm): (Widths are between selvages)
2 2
Face Fabric Weight (g/m ): Total Laminated Weight (g/m ): Backcoat Weight (g/m2):
Foam weight (g/m2): Scrim Weight (g/m2):
Finished Thickness (mm): Foam Laminate Thickness (mm):
Yarn Count (25 mm): Wales Courses
Tensile Strength (N): Wales Courses
% Elongation @50N: Wales Courses Bias:
Tear Strength (N): Wales Courses
Stretch & Set (%): Wales Courses
Deviations/Special Applications:

Approved by: Date:

(GM Materials Engineering)
THIS MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO GMW3232 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 11 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Construction Form A2: Woven Textile Construction Specification General Motors Corporation
(Every blank space must be filled in; report "N/A" if not applicable.)

Date:
Material Identification
Supplier: Version: Original Revision
Finish Symbol: Program (1st use):
Fabric Name: Model Year Start:
Style/Piece #: Weave Type:
Fiber Content: % Recycle (Total/Post Consumer/Post Industrial):
Laminator:
Product Composition
Yarn Composition: (% of Total, Product Name and #, Yarn Source, Luster, Cross-section, Denier, Filament #, Turns/Twist Direction)
Warp Yarn A
Yarn B
Yarn C
Yarn D
Selvage
Fill Yarn V
Yarn W
Yarn X
Yarn Y

Dyestuffs and Dye Method: Detail for each yarn, if not piece dyed

Water Repellent/Soil Repellent: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Flame Retardant: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Other Finishes: Purpose, Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Backings (backcoating, foam, scrim): Manufacturer & Product # for each

Manufacturing Set-up
Manufacturing Process Flow:

Loom Type: No. Hook No. Beams

Reed Width: Dents: Ends:
No. of Ends: Face: Back:
No. of Picks:

Physical Properties
(Report all values as nominal with tolerances)
Finished Width (mm): (Between selvages)
2 2
Face Fabric Weight (g/m ): Total Laminated Weight (g/m ): Backcoat Weight (g/m2):
Foam weight (g/m2): Scrim Weight (g/m2):
Finished Thickness (mm): Foam Laminate Thickness (mm):
Yarn Count (25.4mm): Warp Fill
Tensile Strength (N): Warp Fill
% Elongation @50N: Warp Fill Bias:
Tear Strength (N): Warp Fill
Stretch & Set (%): Warp Fill
Deviations/Special Applications:

Approved by: Date:

(GM Materials Engineering)
THIS MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO GMW3232 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 12 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Construction Form A3: Nonwoven Textile Construction Specification General Motors Corporation
(Every blank space must be filled in; report "N/A" if not applicable.)

Date:
Material Identification
Supplier: Version: Original Revision
Finish Symbol: Program (1st use):
Fabric Name: Model Year Start:
Style Number: Laminator:
Fiber Content: % Recycle (Total/Post Consumer/Post Industrial):

Product Composition
Yarn Composition: (Fiber Content, Denier, % of each and Fiber Source)
Fiber A
Fiber B
Fiber C
Fiber D
Dye Method: (piece, solution, yarn, etc)

Bonding Method: (stitch, adhesive, etc.)

Water Repellent/Soil Repellent: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Flame Retardant: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Other Finishes: Purpose, Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Backings (backcoating, binder, foam, scrim): Manufacturer & Product # for each

Manufacturing Set-up
Manufacturing Process Flow:

Machine Type:
Needle Penetrations per cm:
Needle Pattern:

Physical Properties
(Report all values as nominal with tolerances)
(All widths are
Finished Width (mm): between selvages) Un-Finished Width (mm):
2 2
Face Fabric Weight (g/m ): Total Laminated Weight (g/m ):
Foam Weight (g/m2): Scrim Weight (g/m2):
Finished Thickness (mm): Finished Foam Laminate Thickness (mm):
Tear Strength (N): AMD MD
Tensile Strength (N): AMD MD Bias
Elongation @ 50N: AMD MD Bias
Stretch & Set (%): AMD MD

Deviations/Special Applications:

Approved by: Date:

(GM Materials Engineering)
THIS MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO GMW3232 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 13 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Appendix B
Data Form B1: Fabric Construction Certification Form (Page 1 of 3)
GMW 14231, March 2008 revision - Appendix B1
FABRIC CONSTRUCTION CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR CONSTRUCTION APPROVALS EXCLUDING SUBSEQUENT SEATING/DOOR LAMINATE APPROVALS)
Supplier and Location: Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
Lab Name:

3.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
H/V/S/P/W

Does

Submit
NOT
S/D

RR

SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS

IP

x x x x 3.1.9 Foam Requirements (GMW15058) Attach approval document

x x x x 3.2.1 Weight (GMW3182) 300 g/m2 min. for seating Face wt.- Seating g/m 2

Face wt.- Other g/m2

Total lam. wt. g/m2
x x x x 3.2.2 Thickness (ISO5084 ) Face only thickness mm Information only
Total lam. thickness mm Information only
x x x x 3.2.3 Color Read Through (GMW4750) > 4.5 (ISO105-A02) Grey scale
dL*
x x x x 3.2.4 Fiber Show Through Perforated fabrics only x
x x x x 3.2.5 Yarn Count (GMW4090) For Information Only Warp/Wales Information only
Fill/Courses Information only
x x x x 3.2.6 Bow and Skew (ASTM 3882) Grade 1: 2.5%, Grade 2: 3.5%,
Grade 3: 5.0% Grade: %
x 3.2.7 Yarn Slippage (GMW14146) Woven > 50N, Knit >30N Warp/Wales N
Fill/Courses N
x x x x 3.2.8 Ravel Resistance (GMW3217) > 8 (Woven fabrics only) Warp Fill x
x 3.2.9 Seam Fatique (GMW3405) No slippage, noticeable fiber or yarn Warp/Warp mm x
breakage, fracture of sew lines, needle Weft/Weft mm x
holes that measure > 2mm or Warp/Weft mm x
objectionable appearance after 2500
cycles (Seating fabrics only) Comments:
x 3.2.10 Flexibility (GMW3390) Between 30 and 100 mm Face up MD mm x
(Unlaminated seating fabrics only) Face up CMD mm x
x x x x 3.2.11 Tensile Strength & Elongation Minimum elongation @ 50 N:
(GMW3010 Codes A & S) Knit headliner fabric- MD 16%, CMD 30% MD %
CMD %
Bias % Information only
Knit (all others) - MD 5%, CMD5% MD %
CMD %
Bias % Information only
Nonwoven headliner fabric - MD 10%, MD %
CMD 25% CMD %
Bias % Information only
Nonwoven (all others) - MD 8%, CMD MD %
12% CMD %
Bias % Information only
Woven seating/doors - MD 2%, MD %
CMD 2% CMD %
Bias % Information only
All others - MD 5%, CMD 5% MD %
CMD %
Bias % Information only
Minimum requirement for tensile strength
Knit headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
3.2.11 Tensile Strength & Elongation Knit (all others) - 250N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven (all others) - 300N MD N
CMD N
Woven seating/doors - 400N MD N
CMD N
All others - 400N MD N
CMD N
Elongation @ 25N: (info. only)
MD % Information only
CMD % Information only
Bias % Information only
Elongation @ 100N - (info only)
MD % Information only
CMD % Information only
Bias % Information only
Elongation @ break - (info only)
MD % Information only
CMD % Information only
Bias % Information only

x 3.2.12 Stretch and Set (GMW3211) Stretch: ≤ 25% Stretch MD %

Set: ≤ 4% Stretch CMD %
Set MD %
Set CMD %

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 14 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Data Form B1: Fabric Construction Certification Form (Page 2 of 3)

x x x x 3.2.13 Tear Strength

3.2.13.1 Trapezoid Tear (GMW3326)
√ Headliner type fabrics Knit or nonwoven headliner, visor, MD N
sunshade & windlace> 29N CMD N
√ Knit or nonwoven pillar & rear window trim > MD N
36N CMD N
√ √ √ Other applications (seating, IP Woven > 45N MD N
doors, etc.) CMD N
√ √ √ √ Nonwoven > 135N MD N
CMD N
x x x 3.2.13.2 Trouser Tear (ISO13937-2) Knit fabrics (excluding headliner type MD N
fabrics) > 26N CMD N
x x x x 3.2.14 Resistance to Wear/Abrasion
√ √ √ √ 3.2.14.1 Taber (GMW3208) >6 Rating x
(Use for all pile fabrics, all non-
seating fabrics, all nonwovens
and all flat backcoated fabrics for
all applications)
√ 3.2.14.2 Martindale (ISO12947) Grey Scale Rating x
No holes & ≥ 3 (ISO105-A02). Holes No holes
(Use for all flat, non-backcoated
fabrics for seating applications)
√ 3.2.14.3 Schopper (GMW3283) g/m2 x
Weight loss - ≤ 5 g/m2 after 200 Holes No holes
cycles. No holes after 1000
cycles. (Use for all flat, non-
backcoated bolster fabrics)
3.2.15 Hook Fastener Resistance Seat insert/bolster: ≥ 8 Rating x
x (GMW15651) Other applications: ≥ 6 Rating x
x x x x 3.2.16 Snagging Resistance (GMW14775) No snagging allowed MD x
CMD x
Bias L x
Bias R x
3.2.17 Pile Distortion- Environmental > 6 (Pile fabrics only) Rating x
x x x
(GMW4141)
3.2.18 Dimensional Stability ≤ 2.5% and no degradation or
x x x x 3.2.18.1 Dimensional Stability (GMW4217) delamination of layers, foam or film. MD%/CMD%
Yellowing of the adhesive, foam or film Wet Condition #1 /
that does not affect the appearance of Wet Condition #2 /
the face material is allowed. /
Dry Condition #1
Dry Conditon #2 /

Laminate curl - information only mm

√ √ √ √ 3.2.18.2 Automotive Environmental Cycles (See 3.2.19 for requirement) MD%/CMD%
(GMW14124) Cycle M After humidity /
Before heat at 85C /
After heat at 85C /
Before cold at -30C /
After cold at -30C /
After humidity /
Before heat at 85C /
After heat at 85C /
Before cold at -30C /
After cold at -30C /
3.2.18.3 Automotive Environmental Cycles (See 3.2.19 for requirement) MD %
√ √
(GMW14124) Cycle R CMD %
x 3.2.19 Lint Pickup & Retention (GMW3347) Pickup: ≥ 6 Rating x
Retention: ≥ 8 Rating x
x x x x 3.2.20 Crocking (ISO105 - X12) ≥ 4 (ISO 105-A03) Wet Dry x
x x x x 3.2.21 Dye Migration (GMW14141) > 4 (ISO 105-A03) Staining x
> 4 (ISO 105-A02) Color Change x
3.2.22 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic x
x x x x
change is allowed.
x x x x 3.2.23 Soil and Cleaner Resistance
(GMW3402 - part A & B) Rating
√ Procedure A (soils) > 6 Moderate change and no ring formation A. Sewing Machine Oil x
√ √ or haptic change. B. Petroleum Jelly x
√ √ C. Instant Coffee x
√ D. Ketchup x
√ √ √ √ F. Brown Soft Drink x
√ G. Regular Soy Sauce x
√ √ √ √ H. Grey Soil x
√ √ I. Salt x
√ J. Chocolate Milk x
Average
x x x x Procedure B (cleaners) > 4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) Staining/Color Change
O. De-ionized Water / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x

x
5. Isopropyl Alcohol /

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 15 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Data Form B1: Fabric Construction Certification Form (Page 3 of 3)

x x x x 3.2.24 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
to substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to Results not required; test
substrate part
x x x x 3.2.25 Mildew (GMW3259) No visible growth or odor of mildew
x x x x 3.2.26 Odor (GMW3205) >6 Wet Dry
x x x x 3.2.27 Fogging (GMW3235-A Photometric) > 90 Units and no crystals, oily film Units:
or large droplets >0.05mm at 40X Temp:
allowed Visual:
3.2.28 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754 < 5 x 10 10 Ω (For anti-static treated Rating
x x x x Method A) fabrics only)
x x 3.2.29 Air Permeability (ISO 9237) (Use for seating and headliner fabrics) Report mm/sec
x x x x 3.2.30 Sound Transparency (GMW14128) (Speaker covering fabric only)
+ 3 dB in any 1/3 Octave band Rating
+ 2 dB in any 2/3 Octave band Rating
+ 1 dB in any full Octave or larger band Rating
3.2.31 Colorfastness to Artificial Light > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
x x x x chroma change with minimum hue
change is acceptable.
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW3414 100% polyester seating and 1204.0 kJ/m2 Rating x
Cycle A below beltline fabrics 903 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
1053.5 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method ISO 105-B06 Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ Condition 5 Pillar/Windlace 225.6kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Seating/Doors 2
√ 338.6 kJ/m Rating Information Only
Rear Window Trim / IP 2
√ √ 451.2 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW14162 Headliner 329 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ C
Cycle A Seating/Doors 658 kJ/m2 Rating Information Only
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW14162 Headliner, Visor, Sunshade 14 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ √ Cycle B Pillar, Windlace, Seating/Door 28 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW14162 Rear Window Trim / IP 18.7 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ √ Cycle C
x x x x 3.2.32 Natural Weathering (GMW3417) > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
chroma change with minimum hue
change is acceptable.
√ Seat and door 40 TNR kL Rating x
√ Pillars/Windlace 37.5 TNR kL Rating x
√ √ Rear Window Trim / IP 105 TNR kL Rating x
Xenon Method GMW3414 used for approval Natural Weathering not
required
x x x x 3.2.33 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) Xenon/Natural
> 8 for required exposure level Rating / x
> 4 for the highest exposure Rating / x
level if higher than the required
x x x x 3.2.34 Bond Strength (GMW3220)
3.2.34.1 As Received Fabric to Foam: ≥ 6N/5cm MD CMD
Foam to Scrim: ≥ 4N/5cm MD CMD
3.2.34.2 After Environmental Cycling Fabric to Foam: ≥ 3N/5cm MD CMD
(GMW14124 Cycle T or Q) Foam to Scrim: ≥ 3N/5cm MD CMD
3.2.34.3 As received using a nonwoven ≥ 44N/5cm MD CMD
scrim
x x x x 3.2.35 Resistance to Automotive Cycling No degradation, delamination or x
(GMW14124 Cycle T or Q) appearance change allowed
x x x x 3.2.36 Interior Emissions (GMW8081) < 1.0
x x x x 5.2 Restricted and Reportable Provide IMDS screen print-out
Substances for Parts (GMW3059) acceptance sheet

Test Requirements: S/D = Seating, door fabric H/V/S/P/W = Headlining, visor, sunshade, pillar, windlace fabric, RR = Rear window trim fabric, IP = Instrument panel fabric

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 16 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Data Form B2: Fabric Color Certification Data Form

GMW 14231 March 2008 revision - Appendix B2

FABRIC COLOR CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR COLOR APPROVALS AFTER CONSTRUCTION APPROVAL HAS BEEN ACHIEVED)
Supplier and Location: Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
GM Color Name: Lab Name:

3.3 COLOR REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
H/V/S/P/W

Does

Submit
NOT
S/D

RR

SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS

IP

x x x x 3.3.1 Crocking (ISO105 - X12) ≥ 4 (ISO 105-A03) Wet Dry x

x x x x 3.3.2 Dye Migration (GMW14141) > 4 (ISO 105-A03) Staining x
> 4 (ISO 105-A02) Color Change x
x x x x 3.3.3 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic x
change is allowed.
x x x x 3.3.4 Soil and Cleaner Resistance
(GMW3402 - part A & B) Rating
√ Procedure A (soils) > 6 Moderate staining and no ring formation A. Sewing Machine Oil x
√ √ or haptic change. B. Petroleum Jelly x
√ √ C. Instant Coffee x
√ D. Ketchup x
√ √ √ √ F. Brown Soft Drink x
√ G. Regular Soy Sauce x
√ √ √ √ H. Grey Soil x
√ √ I. Salt x
√ J. Chocolate Milk x
Average
x x x x Procedure B (cleaners) > 4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) Staining/Color Change
O. De-ionized Water / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x
5. Isopropyl Alcohol / x
x x x x 3.3.5 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
to substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to Results not required; test
substrate part
x x x x 3.3.6 Colorfastness to Artificial Light > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
Xenon Method GMW3414 Cycle 100% polyester seating and 1204.0 kJ/m2 Rating x
√ √ A below beltline fabrics 903 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
1053.5 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ Xenon Method ISO 105-B06 Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ Condition 5 Pillar/Windlace 225.6kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Seating/Doors 338.6 kJ/m2 Rating Information Only
Rear Window Trim / IP 2
√ √ 451.2 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
√ Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner 329 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Cycle A Seating/Doors 658 kJ/m2 Rating Information Only
√ Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner, Visor, Sunshade 14 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ B Pillar, Windlace, Seating/Door 28 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ √ Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Rear Window Trim / IP 18.7 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
C
x x x x 3.3.7 Natural Weathering (GMW3417) > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
chroma change with minimum hue
change is acceptable.
√ Seat and door 40 TNR kL Rating x
√ Pillars/Windlace 37.5 TNR kL Rating x
√ √ Rear Window Trim / IP 105 TNR kL Rating x
Xenon Method GMW3414 used for approval Natural Weathering not
required
x x x x 3.3.8 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) Xenon/Natural
> 8 for required exposure level Rating / x
> 4 for the highest exposure Rating / x
level if higher than the required

Test Requirements: S/D = Seating, door fabric H/V/S/P/W = Headlining, visor, sunshade, pillar, windlace fabric, RR = Rear window trim fabric, IP = Instrument panel fabric

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 17 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Data Form B3: Fabric Laminate Certification Data Form

GMW 14231 March 2008 revision - Appendix B3
FABRIC LAMINATE CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR SUBSEQUENT LAMINATE APPROVALS AFTER CONSTRUCTION APPROVAL HAS BEEN ACHIEVED)
Supplier and Location: Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
Lab Name:

3.4 LAMINATE REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
Does

Submit
NOT
SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS
3.4.1 Foam Requirements Attach document
3.4.2 Weight (GMW3182) 2
+/- 6% (300 g/m min. for seating) Face wt. g/m
2

+/- 6% Total lam. wt. g/m

2 Information only
3.4.3 Thickness (ISO5084 ) Face fabric (+/- 10%) Face only thickness mm Information only
Laminate (+/- 15%) Total lam. thickness mm Information only
3.4.4 Tensile Strength & Elongation Minimum elongation @ 50 N:
Knit headliner fabric- MD 16%, CMD 30% MD %
CMD %
Bias Information only
Knit (all others) - MD 5%, CMD5% MD %
CMD %
Bias Information only
Nonwoven headliner fabric - MD 10%, MD %
CMD 25% CMD %
Bias Information only
Nonwoven (all others) - MD 8%, CMD MD %
12% CMD %
Bias Information only
All others - MD 5%, CMD 5% MD %
CMD %
Bias Information only
Minimum requirement for tensile strength
Knit headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
Knit (all others) - 250N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven (all others) - 300N MD N
CMD N
All others - 400N MD N
CMD N
3.4.5 Tear Strength
Trapezoid Tear (GMW3326)
Headliner type fabrics Knit or nonwoven headliner, visor, MD N
sunshade & windlace> 29N CMD N
MD N
Knit or nonwoven pillar & rear window trim > 36N CMD N
Other applications (seating, IP Woven > 45N MD N
doors, etc.) CMD N
Nonwoven > 135N MD N
CMD N
Trouser Tear (ISO13937-2) Knit fabrics (excluding headliner type MD N
fabrics) > 26N CMD N
x
3.4.6 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic
change is allowed.
3.4.7 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded *Attach Appendix B from GMW32323
to substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to substrate Results not required
3.4.8 Colorfastness to Artificial Light > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
2
Xenon Method GMW3414 100% polyester seating and below 1204.0 kJ/m Rating x
Cycle A beltline fabrics 903 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
1053.5 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
2
Xenon Method ISO 105-B06 Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4kJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Condition 5 Pillar/Windlace 225.6kJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Seating/Doors 338.6 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Rear Window Trim / IP 451.2 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner 329 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Cycle A Seating/Doors 658 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
2
Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner, Visor, Sunshade 14 MJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
B Pillar, Windlace, Seating/Door 28 MJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Rear Window Trim / IP 18.7 MJ/m Rating x Information Only
C
3.4.9 Bond Strength (GMW3220)
As Received Fabric to Foam: 6N/5cm MD M
Foam to Scrim: 4N/5cm MD M
After Environmental Cycling per Fabric to Foam: 3N/5cm MD M
GMW14124 Cycle T or Q Foam to Scrim: 3N/5cm MD M
As received -nonwoven scrim 60N/5cm minimum MD M
3.4.10 Resistance to Automotive No degradation, delamination or
Environmental Cycling (GM14124) appearance change allowed x
Cycle T or Q
3.4.11 Interior Emissions < 1.0
5.2 Restricted and Reportable Provide IMDS screen print-out
Substances for Parts (GMW3059) acceptance sheet

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 18 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Data Form B4: Fabric Soil Repellent Finish Certification Data Form

GMW 14231 March 2008 revision - Appendix B4

FABRIC SOIL REPELLENT FINISH CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR FABRICS WITH SOIL REPELLENT FINISH)
Supplier and Locatio Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
GM Color Name: Lab Name:

3.5 SOIL REPELLENT REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
Does

Submit
NOT
SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS
3.5.2 Fluorocarbon Water Repellent Treated
Fabrics (Standard Treatment)
3.5.2.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic change is Rating x
allowed.
3.5.2.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726) ≥8 Rating
3.5.2.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402) ≥6 Rating
Procedure A (soils) A. Sewing Machine Oil x
B. Petroleum Jelly x
C. Instant Coffee x
D. Ketchup x
E. Ink x
F. Brown Soft Drink x
G. Regular Soy Sauce x
H. Grey Soil x
I. Salt x
J. Chocolate Milk x
≥8 Average
Procedure B (cleaners) Staining/Color Change
>4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) O. De-ionized / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x
5. Isopropyl / x
3.5.2.4 Oil Repellency (AATCC 118) ≥3 Rating
3.5.2.5 Odor (GMW3205) ≥6 Rating
3.5.2.6 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded to *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to substrate Results not required; test part
substrate

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:
3.5.3 Combination Treatment (Premium Treatment)

3.5.3.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic change is Rating x
allowed.
3.5.3.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726) ≥8 Rating
3.5.3.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402) ≥8 Rating
Procedure A (soils) A. Sewing Machine Oil x
B. Petroleum Jelly x
C. Instant Coffee x
D. Ketchup x
E. Ink x
F. Brown Soft Drink x
G. Regular Soy Sauce x
H. Grey Soil x
I. Salt x
J. Chocolate Milk x
K. Red Drink
L. Permanent Marker
≥8 Average

Procedure B (cleaners) Staining/Color Change

>4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) O. De-ionized / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x
5. Isopropyl / x
3.5.3.4 Oil Repellency (AATCC 118) ≥7 Rating
3.5.3.5 Odor (GMW3205) ≥6 Rating
3.5.3.6 Antimicrobial Odor ≥ 8 per GMW3205 Rating
3.5.3.7 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754 Method A) < 5 x 10 10 Ω (For anti-static treated Rating
fabrics only)
3.5.3.9 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded to *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to substrate Results not required; test part
substrate

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 19 of 19