So ee Modwe-020 uit Amptalude Modalalion :~ > mer WAM "qe Ampliluds _Meduladmg Kind amendada 4) Tu _medulahng. ©) Anformason sigook 9) modwokd Comes sata, Jimphlude modwahon means amplitude at dha Comter Spal Wane in accordance with madutakag _Stgtar_by —— Keeping, frequeasy ond phose ond ctart . k On nmeane an the amptetuds of Ay modutoyng Strat — Guses dru amplalude of He comer © Increase —————TBoth Ya postive and negaleve WNP enadtoting, — stgnad ® An mag nary. Syne. Grmecing fa posalnre “pects Grd ‘Negohwe peoks O! te comos aave form Give He Gacl Shope 3 Ske Anlamaken 8ignad Tha Amaginory _Sme on the Commer wovdam as Ynown a enuddape Gaing Wignamelnic fun ckons we Con Lepes Ma sine Bone Comrer sth Sample Expression Mee Nesmanrfet Ne 3 The Sinsta nan equa Nebo ab Hy comer, Watlage. Ae > Peak Vatue oh sinasou _Yra_comer Signod _ = te a hequiney a Me Cmte Gave + > Pakcln pom an Yo bene + 2 Sinewave —tasowlahing Stgqo3 can be expressed within Ye Similar formula - Nim > Ven sin atthmnt user Vm Aim peak amphilude of the “anlormahon stgnad anstenlenger Wate gb hy. “infomoten _ sigtat r peat ch He contey wave = | }* Goning He Comer. tych bn Frequency oh He Modulolag Signet - Sans ig ate segraenls constant frequen iy corre” sme WOK swaplitied method of repreedhng un tng . fh frequency Sine wow Yeote co. f Aan omoblact Modvahen. 3) a Rabadary wee ob the pas, Peake varr Moduloling Signy Uo ws thon peale Vote gf We carne? 2 Vm ve sie O >| modulator > Am ce gatamobc® @) “F a td 2 yoda ng i ; signad we Noe Nesinan tet = Neo tn cabot Csimatt) 2 we Con wonle Ae ansdanlaneouy Nass ct atthe _tep @) __boiow Volhage envelope V4 can be Compuadd by _uying the _equakien Var NetNm - 2 Nic iNensin2itin! —@ dmc 2kprenses Mee qnglantGneces val ob Vas todsulaukeg, Sagnod_udRch WAM adda to. the peal valut ob He Come Thy We Gon mk anstaonkmows Vass Of — Cotnplele_ modulated Now ove - Uy 2 sme) —@_ s gubshlude _¢q2 Ow ae ® bs Alpe (ace NenSin ant sim ant aes 2 Nic sininiick + marr anitmt synatfes _ med ah on Le Modulation aad andex and percentage ot “he adadonship vw the _ampliude ok the modulating Sigras ond _armplatude of comet Signa AS gmportan 4 aaa re modudason Index ss Selined ay it 19 ToKOR bo peak. Voltage ot the Z/p signe! ang Peak vollog? corsa Signa) | meV 7 __f Ve : . os te. 4 Pacenlage of Modialaon: gla OF maxtmure sn wa Benplauce modsda)s \lothoge and minimum voltoge vane op coove tf constTHe Peale vale ob Yee Modwlokng — saqnut Nine Vio the diference ob the Peak vale es aaa Ni pce mm ————~ oH We pet vam oh he comer Sigmon Ne G0 be alum i ONevage bla The max ond \iman . Ne= Nimo * \imao ———, weet om: \m W Me ™M = Vinox -\inan c bs 4 a — Bighal, te Max Vote yea) hom ty —Oscitascope Saeen As sq div and Nimin Cp-p) 4.2 dave Codcutade 7 mpogulahor index 4) Ve, Ve and m. the ehcas scate 48 _@ val (dw. Dims im Nimoy - Vion ve Vimar + Veni Pd) Suppose thal on on om _ “8.9 24.2 5 9-664. S-94 4.9 Ve = 5444.2 : 4 2 +8. SSVX2= Fay a Sim = S38 + 236V xa 2uUdy PE oo — 7 aut 0.064Sadebonds and Me hequeney Domar. we Hoo thal gn the motu ( oO ubicny Coi1ey gy wm Vantaa ater dng to Mesitleding preter ghe mew StGMALS. WH Aiilevead hequincrer — gh _— WS a fequeeey he coxtled c—Stobe fan me nyweonees @) Stele bared — hs swebands. wrt occur above and beteo the ‘e COmier hequency sideband Cateatalony dad oy consader the aopuk SIgnod an sane wavelorm Ye Modulakkar press —“generaka & Srdebands dad 95 Yhe Upper sideband LT fuse’ J: and fewer srdebood [fise] can be steprerentd oo Ausge Veale and disor fe- fm ubere. fe as Gamer hequeey and Im as modi ing eqn. — > sadeband cain be demonsnaled mathemalicalty., by wary —_amplakade_mesualen. equallt on Nom = Yesm anfek a Cm smanr fot) Comomfet) by wathio the Wagnomehié Sanchony coc know tol SanA_sanB= 4 \cos Cn-8)~ cos CAS 8)] Som = Ne Sih antet + Xo} casot ({m- fo) Leos an (Smale) € Yral @ sideband _ equason we GN observe feet fo he — trom Yu above band. an wal as fe- fm 8 dhe {ower Sade Upper side bondYor ex: #8 ouine that ~ Comer. ool. Jam: Modudaly SS Book toi —Satudale Opper and ower Side band | 2 = 200,490 6 30-4 wn, = 380, oot} 290.6 Lite Saga. Boa, 086 4 Y4o9 —Sise_. 300, 200 - Yoo AM Wave r fi \ hase + tnakentonaa oa ae one ode | 4 mang maa 7 — — Signo Hi w Couey Sdeband Fe ae eee et hae peace ee. : 8) upper srdeband ' e) Composite am gw 2 [aComplrvude meatuhating | prequerct dome form of. AM signa. U shown figure below frequancsy domanadsea._ feprerentalior of Ars me " geetcuaon shan blw hme and Avequency somoin display ol AM Sagnat. VW Shown Agqure belowTelat andurdih of AM Sagnay 45 Calcutadd. by Compuding. he mox_d moma Sadeband frequintsy J \ for Ee a S a di wy Consider Gore modwlakng frequiny 4 ' Wacked 2.8MM2. Meso He ooina A max | Sidebands can be colakd of _ a a a a Ww Suse + 2400 43> gecatew2 and fic@-2800~3+ 27974,” : The Aolal banduidhy 498 Samply the chfdcrenee belween He y Sc UPpea_and ower Side bend Mequeneus if BW: lug -fis > {803-2749 = Gk, : “The “other woy _ reprerentodcon of — bandurgth ——Signat_as lester of a's _highab frequency that handuroth as equat to 2fm Tew: afm) Bu + 2 fro - s Z ak Yow + 2 [BW Hz) = CMe a3 a *_B/ Kondow A Yrdsceat AaKen age oss cisee) 4X ae Poae wedwedaco 2- Pulse mocdwahon 4 os b- fo Sa 4-4 lett, Vare Z —_47 > | a} we wsarh do Sepreent Nem 0) pul ¢ modalakian thal con be Rehwed ay camplsuse_shitl eyang TASK} . an Ask. the amy shout bean banary ube foro ! Ask Wave 43 Shawn 9h above Omglalude rmodutalson an Pub. Stonat ONd fhe _epresentahon af figure - € _hequiney Spechum of the Aske modulator as Fas vehand 05. on fall \eyang. Took). : TEM, a) wet Askod power PT: fo [ist ee | 2 + 30 Ft4 (oss ees = Yo. Ww : WD Te Power ok ar hoo side bands u giver by Pse (Boh) * Pr- Pe = Yo-g- 30 - 2 {o.8W - tse Cov) e8 2s 2 The lolol power A a Syms ol cunenls os Poe whore Tr = Ie J Cm2/2) cee ane Mee Ic 1s canter curren} an He SJoad Qnd_m_a th : Medu) akon sande oe To find He percentage ot prodabakon 9 Hem of te come) tha) @Uaher V qaven PY 1 Am segna canbe ryepreaented tn7-92) Dn anlinna has Qe ampedance a) 492 Cin UNMEdoly | AM Signa) _groducw oO _Cunenk ob US Amps. The 242 4s Fost wcdase _ - ak ee )_The Cann er power b) “Tolad power 4 4 _ sideband Powe? J Rew Tec = us Amps m:6.9 x 3 @) Pee Icke 2 (43)? uo / - a AT . ce 5 y) 3t2 3¢ \res aoe Sus. fae ae a sd Be z j 819 It: bg vy 4d.uos = s-4A i Pre ry2P* (C.F Cuc) s 32. UqC4g) = eas i a 4 : “0 Psa: rz Pct \2qs~a9)-€2 315.4 : 1 Cl86.4 each sideband) i dD an Ankenno ™ an Cmend changes fom eA 3 unmodwated fe 51a ohol ts the & ot modutalton cmon paeaee d4m27y wen tho} Tp= 5350 To 2 WBA 1 2 Gar M2) Cs. e er sy (itm) a6.0t 2 4 eme fan Ate 2duals oe ahi ‘ ‘ 2 0:12 = m2 : 2 oak em? We Oui O.67 Fi > fof medalabion 9s S4:/- = T _ Stgrror- San Ne side band tmodulaton 2 in AM 2% of the hransmadked power ait geb Pom Ho {Conner Stgnat_tuhich _tIseif# Contains no anformalron _w The heat infomako” va__Contain ed thin He grdeband Tx Tt Spa want % tmprve the-ettirenty of amplitude | taoduoon Wren we need to Suppress one side__ Such Signa as_aelened Gs Single sideband (SsbB) — DSB sign © - — Caney frequen Gy Sine coer ghost Aremathon aes A 1 Time ——> o A ie : She _comters. 4 To Generale Yee _ss@_Siqnar ve need !e Suppress SidebandS- Ths ype of Stgnat_% Cpsse @) 038) Signal Leaving the Upper 6 Sawer . reece 05 dado Srdeband Suppressed _Commter _Dsy Suna 4s _a_ Special core o} am anne tho) i main represen! m. + The _obave diagram Shows shad Hime do oP og aseslat iy Sgnas und Consists algebrate' sumoaA hequancy domain duplay ot DsB Stgnal —_____soppreea ‘canter conus Nam _ ashes agchand i The ' AI . i Gon a 1 7 Ns a 7 Su tole 30 RT | ee requenty ——5 Be — ii —a ut 7 2 4 The above Aragiam Shows tha) She Prequn y domain i: Aeprgentalin _d__YsB__ signal . The _umigua Chareclenatre so > me Ye _Dse_ Stgnad. Ma phoe hansiwons thal occur a) He j : Aoiser _Ompldlude porldou J He wove j in > The dauble_sidelood suppress camer NGM ade Ce Gtnoared 1 | by o_Gmusl taued bedonced modtaly C q a) i eee —— amen a a a fows BN vsb 2s 3 7 t oe a Se eee ] 4 Z—s58 signa ; Ee. sarees ' ha 42 warts isa 7 Frequaney (m2) —> q i (a) Ts 2 SSB 8Ignqy —y : 14.202-MH2 Sinewave cee7 T nn | 4 sn 5B Wransmuston - the —_datloene_o} Ha Gomer and madulakng Signa ,_ the _Sdlamahon _a_ Contained _ ksh as Deck Compolsory 40 Vy rematning, Sadebond 1s supmased Comey Cssse @ Berets ob the SSB Signed > | Sange. _ ae J). ss8_Wronermtiey con | 2) Become cl Wy $88. Signal } Yo omaiay ol he. noise ea Le ededve badrny nel _oxe Sid “Convty the anformation . Tharelore one Stécband 73 damsnaded hore yx since 18 Sangle side band, \hence se Spechum _ ~gpace oe occupies as one halt ot that Am A. OsB Segnoy [4 1 Consewes__Yur_ Speclnuen space A __atows more. _ __|_ gagnas tebe “Yransmadid —ancthe Same hequenty Am and_pse transmit ern e Jus carey 4 sidebande are- He sum and Yn both He _Sidebond _ ee represent Be bath He sideband fo Tdhoed uy Single _sduband Ss6) Ssgnad — e_madé smauo ond the Lightor_ Shan a\_occupyes a nore qj. the Signo) 48 yecluceds a problem chand Y being Yranamat ted 7 4— god poser _Corsidealons ~ @ a +m s§p_dhe transmit opal eS intemal oh Peale envelope pecoey CEP). The PAP 28 computed oy Ha uate ‘© w py v : 4 7)_bh ae envelope fower anlorms ch RMS $. Vollage han ot Given by % - PEP = wats — Ee R , The Peak envelope Power trlems cl moxsmum amplihe + Cunenb sak occurs ad the peak 18 gpven a } 4+ _PEP=\s\Smax a ae where, Vs_as_amphter - Supply Valoge : q Timon 28_Gment ped od + = aa meng set ws us ypu lett Qne- 2 1s aa 4 —ot_the PEP vols uth oe ae. eee i ee 1p genes (Sosa fe. 4 oe a 29 orien TO ‘ — au i = = . = ae we @ hn $88 horsmiblo 4 “produces “eal kb | Peak vol Hoge a ev rose a tL Onttenna _ Soad. hhal shy Pep? ___ 3% Here, Vp: Mop = tng = 99 . ae a : on ae —\ms* VP ¢ 99 = cay PRP: iG a Wrst ee : ae : : A eps Cora@’ MH SsBhansmibter ay a gay. os Peder Supply on Beak Wa cument adhere moxamum ok 4 Ames oe @ Whol 19 Mo pee? )_bhal 43 the Overage power the homamtite 7 * —> PEP stmar ) = Quxg-3 Yer 2 223.2 W Yong > PEP = ga32 < 7u-4W 3 3 Pouge pet = 9222 = $83. u u Y Povg Vatur ts. Jaea belween 58.8 0 1o Fy-4 bo am_cortusls 2 '® Bare prnerples ab fm _medutokron Qrale Kote sume \ 7 seudgl 4 sign | ne : yestngttct a a aq @: Bleck dtaqams d aeren 1g ®:rmadatahng Ye awver_ by fixed gam 4 The bled dtagar shawn in o hg Cx) ¥ ade dovelop a Crist bose gain a3 the fumchon ©} wisn art Smb +4 a \ je Vem © Ave here A ts ga @ _ awhenucahoo fads Fry © = Me In de hes. @) AL provided by an amplter- Th fg® Oo” noe Ac mer “ig alknuaded by Volloge dorder zn Ys core ty Sa Gorn.ts_ tess thon 4 Cas) : q Dw a a se —_s Q —Rraglalu de _enadub alors = eeoeme a ae ieee fe eee eee 7 rredulate * Diode modulator = Soe ee a eis sy sede cone tae deere eg sie =< . ba So oe ae ___ 3 —tt—a =e : i the Le. Sgoah casinos BG 4c ah __nesullin : ~~ ghee 8 ic 3 119, C4) Preghlude Modwaton with Ie diode 3 Yost pee eee . eee eae adddh ee ao 4G oe | z 3 2z , et UT oe Aha Ks + oo : eed ee Ciel i ie alti onal) i altifina j J TO uj te : ca) Fg © wavelams an the chod& modulator ) a) modlaling Signa ) @__ > ¥)_carmer Signa Mn | D Maneorly mixed modulating Signal 4 cane D_posthve — signa olky dude Dy _ 2) BM ovtpuk Signo. est amplalude Modulator 1S the diods “Conaish Of sesnsive _sromly_nekaork d_ Carcual Joone—tnpak _gtxstskot-Ond. meditating — pared anda _4¢—Oypece Quoss fs | > one ok he Sime modulator the hg © 4 diode ech heer ang Le tune = The toner 18 _apoly saqnod_ 46 abe danearly, 4.¢— Agebroxaly — The conser 9s. Opply _ Signa Jo dhe anothe!_Tesisto ~~] Ly These kw Signals are Asnean! Ae algebraically ed oo —] gad us _Consader oath the anpud ase Sine Wares Yee wavePeln _resulling 09 He _yundion gh a Wesistors Shawn we Sugure-ced 1 yee the (oracet tor riding he medulaler. Signal bub — _Yoas ta Oty AM crodyjalion. 4a ynuthyslcay sr —_PISSAAS “not an odddh an procgs is 3: We Compost wavelrin vy Opelaed 4 Sivas 2 Samed bred thas Wy Ay ve Brg hall cos Seeman aanth bE Comstdared and modulakng ———] Jo one tpul resister y pmmced and Prat 18. Gppear_acress— on go de Sade sackiher U AKoh te wave He diode Y Gules he \ Lovet Shown 0 lig, Ca ADurng tha -=ve- spavons. —No_ Signo) passes" = —— F tae ave going holt psa art dpplrd fo Ht Loc rn Gnd _ Gpacslor Teperadly exchange dte_ energy Guy : an aculalo af de Chand Anqueny a ae + the ascaitaon al Manes ch) Creal one -ve hal f Gye fa every ve anpuk pue rf 18 & Sow _aMp)9] ude thn -Otit Couse Jad ample ple at 1a high asoplalude a, Min —coune hagh amplitude pulse anne Cena _4 TW Mesuliag Warelom gl ample cnedudahen y Shots an hg (od 4 - — aa Sea dia — eee ite ——tr ans7s}o¥ — Modulalor :- yh ee ite = i : ng ete = - thon ay {ig Simple Wansistor modudatos Ue thoy io +2 Pn _dnetude _Vevsion oh Yar concual 03 shown 9 ’ ce s-above figure became th ures Ha _honsistey —qsteag of dtode a ee - The dhove ed} hos a gaan... Hew the bore eument conroilz 4 Larger collector Curent. al “The cle Grnplihes ——— * Mere, the produch med water Op thal 2s ebhPcakion, because ——_A_ the emer boxe yu. 9 ae 2 — +. Se_toas occurs Jorge half sine pluser ot the Cunent nthe Muned Clb ae oe - 2: Sane aaa —— ubsle Oscatlakion process. Gal _generode_ dhe naasing a ~— hd cycte Cve cycte) “hene te Sfp" ta Classic AM | oS Tee mp. {—9* fn fr \honsmabter_ wes, high eved medutahon. al the | fina. 8 power amplaher, gad ubch hos O cle supply Vallage, —xce_ol Ug vol with Jolat cunent Z of 3-SA. ‘the ePhcency — 8407 Awhal es the RF inpul power jo te nat Stage be sy) vow much BE power 43 yequired Por 4007: Modurahan. ai —Pior_ 400-/ modutakion ‘The motataled Poder _prt da ame holt _ — Ye fp power ee 4 © Whal 4s He carter ofp power Sov 67 hay 9s ower a one sideband eee y Lo atdane Swing wrth | 2/~nodalouton ae utseaeseet eetQ The dep pour 2s aust lo. py Veet QD tt eticaenyy = Powk 106 _Pin Ao = _ Pour Xoo 163 ae = Ox 16s - eszmtoe * 414.¢ loo _ ad) Eps 2 ‘sateband pute a Qe mmimum Somng Y equar yo ‘Zero volt ‘Supply 4 re Ne\bage Nec = ay a ee | Maximum swing g Veo = 46 vork 4—r WW — Dittrenbok ampliber te A \o | 4 es __¢ — si _—A aoe 5 i i phere eee@) hg ) Bosic diteentar Dmplber a ¥) dhttoerhial amplater modu adler The ditrenlak omplaher modutatoy. mabe an. ex calient arplude todulatn. The daticw frq 4% shawn an kg @. Wansisty Q; 4 Qs Jorms.a lat ferenhad parr cond. 9s Constank Cument Source. The transastay 83 moles, ee tho) as Te Jo, 4 Q, he 0] p 1a developed across 21 A Rg Resastors the—ig fi___ jhe GIp 48 she M6 Ng Yhol 4s Mouk 98 uhtie A 1s an $uo of ditterence blu anpuls _ Cquor to CNow=> A Cyy-vi)) the ck} garn : an he hg A Ny a8 Zero. then the d/p lavage 28 Now) = DVy, tL Ng 280. Yhen dhe ofp Voltage“ - Avy Were Resistow Rs , Ru & Rs ctong with Vet thach wall ‘onas_*Yhecongdan' tumen} Sauce gg epee iii ~The cd fomed by 8 Oy and Ref dg Can Consider as lovidge carcualsyste hag Cb Core as applied. 10 the bare of rounded. _the— olp Saken thom he “ond_Ywae.o) Oy 89 corer 0) 92 as singe handed . — ce The modulaing signos qa _appred Jo Ha dove Ble tymnen) Source Q, 8 signed varies Yen Ye ems co y wal, Curren} val was chang 2 Ya gann Hooked — he combined Signad v ° tho, to por throug h he thy Ampah calor ose the Tesudont \ a why 109 purpose esudlan' a af Signa sae wigh devel amplitude . modwhatren += a : e Collector Medutator—» gaia Modulator :- SMS modutahn. Traraas toy, ©, \ say GE BE MosFET's Oh ss BORE sdanl rts rN ‘ a9 PQ) Appreprase lbrorang “> Amplalude cle modulelors 5 Meade deckalors 2 a