CLASS – 12

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER: SOLUTIONS

1. Homogeneous mixture of two or more than two components is called

a) solute b) solvent c) both (a) and (b) d) solution
2. Which of the following is an example of gaseous solution?
a) Camphor in nitrogen gas b) Solution of hydrogen in pallad ium
c) Chloroform mixed with nitrogen gas d) Both (a) and (c )
3. In amalgam of mercury with sodium, solvent is
a) Mercury b) Sodium c) Amalgam d) None of these
4. What is the mole fraction of glucose in 10% W/W glucose solution?
a) 0.01 b) 0.02 c) 0.03 d) 0.04
5. What is the mass percentage of carbon tetrachlorid e if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon
tetrachlorid e?
a) 84.72 % b) 15.28 % c) 50 % d) 44 %
6. Calculate the percentage composition of a solution obtained by mixing 300 g of a 20 % and 200 g of a 30%
solution by weight.
a) 50 % b) 28 % c) 64 % d) 24 %
7. What will be the mole fraction of ethanol in a sample of spirit containing 85% ethanol by mass?
a) 0.69 b) 0.82 c) 0.85 d) 0.60
8. What is the molarity of a solution containing 10 g of NaOH in 500 mL of solution?
a) 0.25 mol L − 1 b) 0.75 mol L − 1 c) 0.5 mol L − 1 d ) 1.25 mol L − 1
9. How many Na + ions are present in 100 mL of 0.25 M of NaCl solution?
a) 0.025 × 10 23 b) 1.505 × 10 22 c) 15 × 10 22 d) 2.5 × 10 23
10. What will be the molarity of 30 mL of 0.5 M H 2 SO4 solution diluted to 500 mL?
a) 0.3 M b) 0.03 M c) 3 M d) 0.103 M
11. How many moles of sodium chlorid e present in 250 mL of a 0.50 M NaCl solution?
a) 7.32 g b) 3.8 g c) 5 g d) 0.5 g
12. The density of a solution prepared by dissolving 120 g of urea (mol. Mass=60 u) in 1000 g of water is 1.15
g/mL. The molarity if this solution is
a) 1.78 M b) 1.02 M c) 2.05 M d) 0.50 M
13. 250 ml of a sodium carbonate solution contains 2.65 grams of Na2 CO3 . If 10 ml of this solution
is diluted to one litre, what is the concentration of the resultant solution (mol. Wt. of Na2 CO3 = 106)
a) 0.01 M b) 0.001 M c) 0.05 M d) 0.002 M
14. What will be the value of molality for an aqueous solution of 10% w/w NaOH?
a) 2.77 M b) 0.617 M c) 0.668 M d) 1.623 M
15. Calculate the mass of urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ) required in making 2.5kg of 0.25molal aqueous solution.
a) 37 g b) 25 g c) 125 g d) 27.5 g
16. The molarity of 648 g of pure water is
a) 36 M b) 55.5 M c) 3.6 M d) 5.55 M
17. Solubility of a substance is its maximum amount that can be dissolved in a specified amount of solvent. It
depends upon (i) nature of solute , (ii)nature of solvent , (iii)temperature , (iv)pressure
a) only (i),(ii) and (iii) b) only (i), (iii) and (iv)
c) only (i) and (iv) d) (i),(ii),(iii) and (iv)
18. The law which indicates the relationship between solubility of a gas in liquid and pressure is
a) Raoult's law b) Henry's law c) Lowering of vapour pressure d) Van't Hoff law
19. According to Henry's law the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is proportional to the mole
fraction of the gas (x) in the solution . For different gases the correct statement about Henry's constant is
a) Higher the value of KH at a given pressure , higher is the solubility of the gas
b) Higher the value of KH of the gas at a given pressure , lower is the solubility
c) KH is not a function of nature of gas
d) KH value for all gases is same at a given pressure
20. The value of Henry's law constant for some gases at 293 K is given below. Arrange the gases in the
increasing order of their solubility. He:144.97 kbar, H 2 :69.16 kbar, N2 :76.48 kbar, O2 : 34.86 kbar
a) He < N 2 < H2 < O2 b) O2 < H2 < N2 < He
c) H2 < N 2 < O2 < He d) He < O2 < N2 < H 2
21. Henry's law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298K is 4.27 × 105 mmHg. Calculate the
solubility of methane in benzene at 298K under 760mmHg.
a) 1.78 × 10 − 3 b) 17.43 c) 0.114 d) 2.814
22. When a gas is bubbled through water at 298 K, a very dilute solution of gas is obtained. Henry's law constant
for the gas is 100 kbar. If gas exerts a pressure of 1 bar, the number of moles of gas dissolved in 1 litre of water
is
a) 0.555 b) 55.55 × 10 − 5 c) 55.55 × 10−3 d) 5.55 × 10 − 5
23. At high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is less than that at the ground level. This leads to
a) Low concentrations of oxygen in the blood and tissues
b) High concentrations of oxygen in the blood and tissues
c) Release of dissolved gases and formation of bubbles of nitrogen in the blood
d) Thickening of blood and tissues
24. Partial pressure of a solution component is directly proportional to its mole fraction.
This statement is known as
a) Henry's law b) Raoult's law c) Distribution law d) Ostwald's dilution law
25. 3 moles of P and 2 moles of Q are mixed , what will be their total vapour pressure in the solution if
their partial vapour pressures are 80 and 60 torr respectively ?
a) 80 torr b) 140 torr c) 72 torr d) 70 torr
26. Among the following substances, the lowest vapour pressure is exerted by
a) Water b) Alcohol c) Ether d) Mercury
27. Intermolecular forces between n-hexane and n-heptane are nearly same as between hexane and heptane
individually. When these two are mixed, which of the following is not true about the solution formed?
a) it obey Raoult's law , i.e. pA = xAp ∘ and pB = xBp ∘
b) ΔH mixing is zero
c) ΔVmixing is zero
d) It forms minim um boiling azeotrope
28. What are the conditions for an ideal solution which obeys Raoult's law over the entire range of concentration?
a) ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = 0, PTotal = p ∘ xA + p ∘ xB
A B

b) ΔmixH = + ve, ΔmixV = 0, PTotal = p ∘ xA + p ∘ xB

A B

c) ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = + ve, PTotal = p ∘ xA + p ∘ xB

d) Δmix H = 0, Δmix V = 0, P Total = p ∘ xB
B
29. Which of the following solutions shows positive deviation from Raoult's law ?
a) Acetone + Aniline b) Acetone + Ethanol
c) Water+ Nitric acid d) Chloroform + Benzene
30. Given below are few mixtures formed by mixing two components .
Which of the following binary mixtures will have same composition in liquid and vapour phase ?
(i)Ethanol + Chloroform (ii)Nitric acid + Water (iii) Benzene + Toluene (iv) Ethyl chloride + Ethyl bromid e
a) (i) and (iii) b) (i) and (ii) c) (i), (ii) and (iii) d) (iii) and (iv)
31. A solution containing 12.5 g of non-electrolyte substance in 185 g of water shows boiling point elevation of
0.80 K. Calculate the molar mass of the substance. (K = 0.52Kkgmol − 1)
b

a) 53.06 g mol −1 b) 25.3 g mol − 1 c) 16.08 g mol −1 d) 43.92 g mol −1

32. 2 g of sugar is added to one litre of water to give sugar solution. What is the effect of addition of sugar on
the boiling point and freezing point of water?
a) Both boiling point and freezing point increase
b) Both boiling point and freezing point decrease
c) Boiling point increases and freezing point decreases
d) Boiling point decreases and freezing point increases.
33. How does sprinkling of salt help in clearing the snow-cov e red roads in hilly areas? Explain the phenomenon
involved in the process.
a) Lowering in vapour pressure of snow
b) Depression in freezing point of snow
c) Increase in freezing point of snow
d) Melting of ice due to increase in temperature by putting salt
34. Equimolar solutions in the same solvent have
a) Same elevation in boiling point and same depression in freezing point
b) Different elevation in boiling point and different depression infreezing point
c) Same elevation in boiling point but different depression in freezing point
d) Same depression in freezing point but different elevation in boiling point
35. A 5% solution (w/w) of cane sugar (molar mass = 342 g mol − 1) has freezing point 271 K. What will be the
freezing point of 5% glucose (molar mass = 18 g mol − 1) in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K?
a) 273.07 K b) 269.07 K c) 273.15 K d) 260.09 K
36. What weight of glycerol should be added to 600 g of water in order to
lower its freezing point by 10∘ C ? (K = 1.86 ∘ Cm − 1 )
f

a) 496 g b) 297 g c) 310 g d) 426 g

37. People taking lot of salt experience puffiness or swelling of the body due to water retention in tissue cells
and intercellular spaces
a )Because of osmosis
b) Water loss from the cells through skin tissues
c) Capillary action of water through skin pores
d) excessive thirst and drinking more water.
38. A 5 % solution of cane sugar (molecular weight=342) is isotonic with 1 % solution of substance X. The
molecular weight of X is:
a) 171.2 b) 68.4 c) 34.2 d) 136.2
39. Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion and osmosis?
(i) In Osomosis, a semipermeable membrane is used while diffusion iswithout membrane.
(ii) In osmosis, movement of molecules occurs in one direction while indiffusion, movement occurs in all
directions
(iii) In osmosis only the solvent moves while in diffusion both solute and solvent move
a) Only (i) and (ii) b) Only (i)
c) Only (ii) and (iii) d) (i) ,(ii) and (iii)
40. 10% solution of urea is isotonic with 6% solution of a non-volatile solute X. What is the molecular mass of
solute X ?
a) 6 g mol − 1 b) 60 g mol − 1 c) 36 g mol − 1 d) 32 g mol − 1
41. Which of the following statements is not correct?
a) 5% aqueous solutions of NaCl and KCl are said to be isomolar
b) 1 M sucrose solution and 1 M glucose solution are isotonic
c) Molecular mass of acetic acid and benzoic acid is higher thannormal mass in cryoscopic methods.
∆Tb Kb
d) For the same solution =
∆Tf Kf
42. A plant cell shrinks when it is kept in
a) Hypotonic solution b) Hypertonic solution
c) Isotonic solution d) pure water
43. Why is the molecular mass determined by measuring colligative property in case of some solutes is
abnormal?
a) Due to association or dissociation of solute molecules
b) Due to insolubility of solute molecules
c) Due to decomposition of solute molecules
d) Due to large size of solute molecules.
44. Which of the following will have same value of van't Hoff factor as that of K4 [Fe(CN)6 ] ?
a) Al2 (SO 4)3 b) AlCl3 c) Al(NO 3 )3 d) Al(OH)3
45. Which of the following has the highest freezing point?
a) 1 m NaCl solution b) 1 m KCl solution
c) 1 m AlCl3 solution d) 1 m C6H12O6 solution
46. If α is the degree of dissociation of Na2 SO 4 the van't Hoff's factor (i) used for calculating the molecular
mass is
a) 1 + α b) 1 − α c) 1 + 2α d) 1 − 2α
47. What will be the degree of dissociation of 0.1 M Mg(NO3 )2 solution if van't Hoff factor is 2.74 ?
a) 75 % b) 87 % c) 100 % d) 92 %
48. What amount of CaCl2 (i=2.47) is dissolved in 2 litres of water so that its osmotic pressure is 0.5 atm at 27∘C?
a) 3.42 g b) 9.24 g c) 2.834 g d) 1.820 g
49. Colligative properties depend on
a) The nature of the solute particles dissolved in solution
b) The number of solute particles in solution
c) The physical properties of the solute particles dissolved in solution
d) The nature of solvent particles
50. The values of van't Hoff factors for KCl, NaCl and K2 SO4 , respectively are:
a) 2,2 and 2 b) 2,2 and 3 c) 1,1 and 2 d) 1,1 and 1
Assertion and reason:
a) Both assertion and reason is correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion
b) Both assertion and reason is correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
c) Assertion is correct and reason is false
d) Both assertion and reason is incorrect
51. Assertion: Adding a non-volatile solute to a solvent increases its vapor pressure.
Reason: According to Raoult's law, the vapor pressure of a solvent decreases when a non-volatile solute
is added.
52. Assertion: Colligative properties depend on the chemical nature of the solute.
Reason: Colligative properties are based solely on the number of solute particles in solution, regardless
of their chemical identity.
53. Assertion: Boiling point elevation is a colligative property.
Reason: Boiling point elevation is directly proportional to the concentration of solute particles in the
solution.
54. Assertion: Vant Hoff’s factor i, is measure to observe abnormal molecular mass
Reason: The value of i depends only on degree of dissociation and not degree of association
PASSAGE I
Dissolution of solids in water can be exothermic or endothermic process but gases dissolve in water always
with the evolution of heat. Dissolution of a substance in water can be either because ion dipole interactions
or by hydrogen bond formation. Pressure plays a significant role on the solubility to gases in water.
Solubility of a gas in terms of mol fraction (X) is related to pressure (p) according to the mathematical
relation p=K H.X B.
Answer the following questions:
1. Dissolution of sugar in water can be explained by
(a) Hydrogen-bonds (b) ion-ion interaction
(c) van der Waal force (d) ion-dipole interaction
2. The mathematical relation P=KH.X.is based on
(a) Babo's law (b) Henry's law
(c) Raoult's law (d) Kohlrausch law.
3. When a pinch of salt (NaCl) is added to a freshly opened bottle of Coca-Cola or limca, lot of
effervescence occurs with evolution of a colourless gas
(a) The gas evolved is O 2
(b) The gas evolved is HCl
(c) There is no evolution of gas only decomposition of NaCl occurs.
(d) CO 2 is evolved due to its displacement from aerated soft drink.
4. Solubility of KCl in water increases with the rise in temperature. This means that ∆diss H of KCl in water
(a) = 0 (b) < 0 (c) > 0 (d) Unpredictable.

PASSAGE II
The properties of the solutions which depend only on the number of solute particles but not on the nature of
the solute are called colligative properties. Relative lowering in vapour pressure is also an example of
colligative properties.
For an experiment, sugar solution is prepared for which lowering in vapour pressure was found to be 0.061
mm of Hg. (Vapour pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mm of Hg.)

Answer the following questions:

1. Relative lowering of vapour pressure for the given solution is
a) 0.00348 b) 0.061 c) 0.122 d) 1.75
2. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of solution will be
a) 17.5 b) 0.61 c) 17.439 d) 0.00348
3. Mole fraction of sugar in the solution is
a) 0.00348 b) 0.9965 c) 0.061 d) 1.75
4. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water
is
a) 17.2 b) 17.4 c) 17.120 d) 17.02

PASSAGE III
Few colligative properties are:
(a) relative lowering of vapour pressure: depends only on molar concentration of solute (mole fraction) and
independent of its nature.
(b) depression in freezing point: it is proportional to the molal concentration of solution.
(c) elevation of boiling point: it is proportional to the molal concentration of solute.
(d) osmotic pressure: it is proportional to the molar concentration of solute.
A solution of glucose is prepared with 0.052 g at glucose in 80.2 g of water. (Kf = 1.86 K kg mol-1 and K b =
5.2 K kg mol-1 )

Answer the following questions:

1. Molality of the given solution is
a) 0.0052 m b) 0.0036 c) 0.0006 d) 1.29
2. Boiling point for the solution will be:
a) 373.05 K b) 373.15 K c) 373.02 K d) 373.98 K
3. The depression in freezing point of solution will be:
a) 0.0187 K b) 0.035 K c) 0.082 K d) 0.067
4. Mole fraction of glucose in the given solution is:
a) 6.28 × 10−4 b) 1.23 × 10−4 c) 0.00625 d) 0.00028

PASSAGE IV
Those properties of solution which depend upon number of moles of solute present in the solution are called
colligative properties. These colligative properties are: Relative lowering in vapour pressure, Osmotic
pressure, Elevation in boiling point and Depression in freezing point. We can easily determine the molecular
mass of non – volatile solute using these colligative properties. However, in some cases molecular mass so
obtained found to be different than actual molecular mass. In that situation Vant Hoff’s factor ‘i’ is
introduced with the colligative property values.
Answer the following questions:
a) Which of the following colligative property is most suitable for calculation of molecular mass of proteins?
(i) Relative lowering in vapour pressure (ii) Osmotic pressure
(iii) Elevation in boiling point (iv) Depression in freezing point
b) What is the value of i for acetic acid in aqueous solution?
(i) i > 1 (ii) i < 1 (iii) i = 0 (iv) None of the above
c) The value of i for 98% dissociation of Na2 SO4 is:
(i) i = 2.96 (ii) i = 2.94 (iii) i = 2.92 (iv) i = 2.90
d) The relative lowering in vapour pressure is equal to
(i) Temperature of solution (ii) Pressure of solution
(iii) Mole fraction of solute (iv) Mole fraction of solvent

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Explain why on addition of 1 mol of NaCl to 1 litre of water, the boiling point of water
increases, while addition of 1 mole of methyl alcohol to one litre of water decreases its
boiling point.
2. Why does vapour pressure of an aqueous solution of glucose lower than that of water?
3. State Henry’s law and mention some important applications.
4. What role does the molecular interaction play in solutions of alcohol and water?
5. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O6 ) to be dissolved in 75 g of acetic acid to
lower its melting point by 1.5 ºC. (K f = 3.9 K Kg mol-1 )
6. Henry’s law constant for CO 2 in water is 1.67 x 108 Pa at 298 K. Calculate the quantity
of CO 2 in 500 mL of soda water packed under 2.5 atm pressure at 298K.
7. H 2 S, a toxic gas with rotten egg like smell, is used for qualitative analysis. If the solubility of in H 2 S
water is 0.195 m, calculate Henry’s law constant.
8. A 4 % solution (w/w) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 271.15 K. Calculate the
Freezing point of 5% glucose in water.
9. A solution prepared from 1.25 g methyl salicylate in 90 g of benzene has a boiling
point of 80.31 ºC. Determine the molar mass of this compound. (boiling point of pure
C6 H 6 = 80.10ºC and K b for benzene = 2.53 ºC Kg mol-1 ).
10. Suggest the most important type of intermolecular interactions in the following pairs :
1. n-hexane and n-octane
2. I2 and CCL4
3. NaClO4 and water
4. Methanol and acetone
5. Acetonitrile and acetone