NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 10

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)

NOVEMBER 2016

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2 hours

This question paper consists of 12 pages and 2 data sheets.

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Physical Sciences/P2 2 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Write your name and class (for example 10A) in the appropriate spaces on
the ANSWER BOOK.

2. This question paper consists of 10 questions. Answer ALL the questions in

the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example between

QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2.

6. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

7. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

8. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS.

9. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

10. Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places.

11. Give brief motivations, discussions et cetera where required.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

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Physical Sciences/P2 3 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.

Each question has only ONE correct answer. Choose the answer and write only
the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1–1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK,
for example 1.11 E.

1.1 Which ONE of the following groups of elements are classified as halogens?

A Li, Na, K

B Ne, Ar, Kr

C F, Cℓ, Br

D Si, Ge, As (2)

1.2 According to the kinetic molecular theory the particles of a solid …

A vibrate in their fixed positions and have a fixed shape.

B are free to move and are compressible.

C are free to move and have a fixed shape.

D vibrate in their fixed positions and are compressible. (2)

1.3 Which ONE of the following substances undergoes the process of

sublimation?

A Water

B Wood

C Solid carbon dioxide

D Sodium chloride (2)

1.4 Which ONE of the molecules below contains the greatest number of atoms?

A N2

B H2O

C CH 4

D H 2 SO 4 (2)

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Physical Sciences/P2 4 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

1.5 The chemical formula for sodium sulphate is …

A NaSO 4

B Na 2 (SO 4 ) 2

C Na 2 SO 4

D Na(SO 4 ) 2 (2)

1.6 Which ONE of the following electron configurations represents an ion of

an alkali metal?

A 1s2

B 1s2 2s2

C 1s2 2s2 2p5

D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 (2)

1.7 Which ONE of the following groups of elements shows the correct trend
of the atomic radii of elements?

A F ˃ Cℓ ˃ Br ˃ I

B I ˃ Br ˃ Cℓ ˃ F

C Li ˂ Be ˂ B ˂ N

D Li ˃ B ˃ N ˃ Be (2)

1.8 Consider the unbalanced chemical equation below.

P 4 (s) + H 2 (g) → PH 3 (g)

Which ONE of the sets of coefficients will balance the chemical equation?

A 4, 2, 3

B 1, 6, 4

C 1, 4, 4

D 2, 10, 8 (2)

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Physical Sciences/P2 5 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

1.9 During the formation of an ionic bond electrons are ...

A shared equally.

B shared unequally.

C transferred from a metal to a non-metal.

D transferred from a non-metal to a metal. (2)

1.10 The hydrosphere is best described as …

A the layer of rock found above the earth's mantle.

B the hot liquid rock located in the earth's outer core.

C the very dense rock located in the earth's inner core.

D all the water below, on and above the surface of the earth. (2)
[20]

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Physical Sciences/P2 6 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)

Most substances used in our daily lives are either pure substances or mixtures.

2.1 Define the term pure substance. (1)

2.2 Complete the table below. Write down only the answer next to the question
number (2.2.1–2.2.4) in your ANSWER BOOK.

SUBSTANCE ELEMENT/COMPOUND/MIXTURE REASON

Diamond 2.2.1 2.2.2

Air 2.2.3 2.2.4

(4)

2.3 Explain why pots and pans are made of metal but the handles are made of
plastic or wood. (2)

2.4 Write down the chemical formulae of the following compounds:

2.4.1 Table salt (2)

2.4.2 Calcium hydroxide (2)

[11]

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Physical Sciences/P2 7 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

Learners are investigating the effect of increasing temperature on two different

substances (1 and 2) over a period of time.

Study the temperature versus time graphs below and answer the questions that follow.
The heating curves of substances 1 and 2

A
100

B
80

60
Temperature (°C)

40

20

Substance 1
0
Substance 2

-20

5 10 15 20 25 Time (min)

3.1 Write down the:

3.1.1 Dependent variable (1)

3.1.2 Independent variable (1)

3.2 Write down an investigative question for this investigation. (2)

3.3 In which phase is substance 1 at -10 °C? (1)

3.4 At what temperature does substance 2 melt? (1)

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Physical Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

3.5 Define the term boiling point. (2)

3.6 State the phase change that takes place at B. (1)

Temperature remains constant at B.

3.7 Explain this phenomenon in terms of the spaces and the forces between
the particles. (4)

3.8 Which substance on the graph has the weakest intermolecular force between
the molecules in the liquid phase? Give a reason for the answer. (2)

3.9 Name the apparatus used to measure the average kinetic energy of the
particles. (1)

3.10 How does the average kinetic energy of substance 1 compare to the average
kinetic energy of substance 2 at 90 °C?

Write down LESS THAN, EQUAL TO or GREATER THAN and give a reason
for the answer. (2)
[18]

QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

Study the table of first and second ionisation energies and answer the questions that
follow.

FIRST IONISATION ENERGY SECOND IONISATION ENERGY

(kJ.mol-1) (kJ.mol-1)
Li 520 7 297
Be 899 1 757
B 801 2 427
C 1 086 2 352
N 1 402 2 854
O 1 214 3 391
F 1 681 3 381
Ne 2 080 3 964

4.1 Define the term ionisation energy. (2)

4.2 Use the information in the table to explain why:

4.2.1 Metals form cations easily (2)

4.2.2 Non-metals form anions easily (2)

4.3 Explain why the second ionisation energy of lithium is higher than its first
ionisation energy. (2)
[8]

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Physical Sciences/P2 9 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

5.1 Define the term isotope. (2)

5.2 Study the unknown elements A to E below.

A B C D E
19 19 20 21 19
9X 10X 9 X 11X 8X

5.2.1 Which of the elements above are isotopes of each other? (1)

5.2.2 Write down the name of this isotope. (1)

5.3 Calculate the relative atomic mass of copper by using the following isotopes
of copper:
63 65
Copper isotopes: Cu - 69% and Cu - 31% (4)

5.4 Complete the table below. Write only the answer next to the question
number (5.4.1–5.4.5).

ELEMENT MASS ATOMIC NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF

NUMBER NUMBER PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS

Fluoride ion 5.4.1 9 9 5.4.2 10

5.4.3 25 5.4.4 12 5.4.5 12

(5)

Ammonia (NH 3 ) is manufactured using an industrial process, known as the Haber

process. It is used in the production of inorganic fertilisers, such as ammonium
sulphate.

5.5 Write down the chemical formula for ammonium sulphate. (1)

5.6 Name the type of bond between the atoms in the ammonia molecule.
Give a reason for the answer. (2)

5.7 Draw the Aufbau diagram (orbital box diagram) for nitrogen. (2)

5.8 How many valence electrons does nitrogen have? (1)

5.9 Draw the Lewis dot diagram for the ammonia molecule. (2)
[21]

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Physical Sciences/P2 10 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

The unbalanced chemical equation (i) and the word equation (ii) for two chemical
reactions are shown below.

(i) Cℓ 2 (g) + H 2 (g) → HCℓ(g)

(ii) aluminium carbonate → aluminium oxide + carbon dioxide

6.1 Which ONE of the reactions, (i) or (ii), is:

6.1.1 A decomposition reaction (1)

6.1.2 A synthesis reaction (1)

6.2 What does the (g) in reaction (i) represent? (1)

6.3 Write down the chemical formulae for the following:

6.3.1 Aluminium carbonate (2)

6.3.2 Aluminium oxide (2)

6.4 Write a balanced chemical equation for equation (i). (2)

6.5 Use the balanced equation in QUESTION 6.4 to show that mass is conserved
in a chemical reaction. (3)

6.6 Calculate the percentage composition of hydrogen chloride. (3)

[15]

QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

Potassium chloride dissociates in water to form an electrolyte.

7.1 Define the term electrolyte. (2)

7.2 Use a chemical equation to show how potassium chloride dissociates

in water. (3)

7.3 If 2 mol of potassium ions form during the process used in QUESTION 7.2,
how many moles of the metal salt dissolved? (2)

7.4 Calculate the percentage potassium in potassium chloride. (2)

7.5 How will an increase in the concentration of potassium chloride affect the
conductivity of the electrolyte?

Write down only INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAIN THE SAME. (1)

7.6 Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 7.5. (2)

[12]

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Physical Sciences/P2 11 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.)

8.1 The empirical formula of a certain compound is to be determined. On analysis

of a sample of the compound it was found to contain 40% C, 6,6% H and
53,3% O.

8.1.1 Define the term empirical formula. (2)

8.1.2 Determine the empirical formula of the compound. Show ALL

calculations. (5)

8.1.3 If the molecular mass of the compound is 60 g·mol-1, calculate the

molecular formula of the compound. (3)

8.2 The molar mass of hydrated sodium carbonate is found to be 268 g∙mol-1.
The formula of the hydrated sodium carbonate is Na 2 CO 3 .xH 2 O.

Calculate the number of moles of water of crystallisation (x) in the compound. (4)
[14]

QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.)

The reaction between sodium and water is represented by the following balanced
chemical equation:

2Na(s) + 2H 2 O(ℓ) → 2NaOH(aq) + H 2 (g)

During the reaction 10 g of sodium reacts with 2 dm3 water to produce hydrogen gas
at STP.

9.1 Write down the values of temperature and pressure at STP. (2)

9.2 Calculate the following:

9.2.1 Mass (in gram) of hydrogen gas produced (5)

9.2.2 Volume (in dm3) of hydrogen gas produced at STP (3)

9.2.3 Mass (in gram) of NaOH produced (4)

9.2.4 Concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution (3)

[17]

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Physical Sciences/P2 12 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

QUESTION 10 (Start on a new page.)

Chlorides and sulphates are found in water. These ions may be identified by the
insoluble substances they form in chemical reactions.

10.1 Write down the correct term for the following description:
The insoluble substance that forms when some solutions react (1)

10.2 Complete the following reactions by filling in the missing reactants/products,

where applicable:

10.2.1 Test for sulphate ions:

Step I: Na 2 SO 4 (aq) + … → BaSO 4 (s) + NaCℓ(aq)
Step II: BaSO 4 (s) + HNO 3 (aq) → … (2)

10.2.2 Test for chloride ions:

Step I: KCℓ(aq) + … → AgCℓ(s) + KNO 3 (aq)
Step II: AgCℓ(s) + … → no reaction (2)

10.2.3 What is the colour of the insoluble solid formed in step I of

QUESTION 10.2.2? (1)

10.3 The diagram below represents components of the global system.

A: Soil

D
D B: Water
C: Air

Which ONE of the symbols represents the:

10.3.1 Atmosphere (1)

10.3.2 Biosphere (1)

10.3.3 Lithosphere (1)

10.4 Name the THREE main processes involved in the transfer of water from one
part of the water cycle to the next. (3)

10.5 Describe ONE way in which the demand for water is currently met. (2)
[14]

TOTAL: 150
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Physical Sciences/P2 1 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10

DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 10

PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 10

VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES

NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE

Standard pressure
pθ 1,013 x 105 Pa
Standaarddruk
Molar gas volume at STP
Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1
Molêre gasvolume by STD
Standard temperature
Tθ 273 K
Standaardtemperatuur
Charge on electron
e 1,6 x 10-19 C
Lading op elektron

TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES

m N
n= n=
M NA
n m V
c= OR c = n=
V MV Vm

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 Physical Sciences/P2 2 DBE/November 2016
CAPS – Grade 10
TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS/TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
7
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII)
1 Atomic number 2
KEY/SLEUTEL Atoomgetal
H He
2,1

1 4
3 4 29 5 6 7 8 9 10
Electronegativity Symbol
Li Be Cu B C N O F Ne
1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0
1,9
Elektronegatiwiteit Simbool
7 9 63,5 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Aℓ Si P S Cℓ Ar
0,9

1,2

1,5

1,8

2,1

2,5

3,0
Approximate relative atomic mass
23 24 Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa 27 28 31 32 35,5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
0,8

1,0

1,3

1,5

1,6

1,6

1,5

1,8

1,8

1,8

1,9

1,6

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,4

2,8
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,8

1,9

2,2

2,2

2,2

1,9

1,7

1,7

1,8

1,9

2,1

2,5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tℓ Pb Bi Po At Rn
0,7

0,9

1,6

1,8

1,8

1,9

2,0

2,5
133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
87 88 89
0,7

0,9

Fr Ra Ac
226 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232 238

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