[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
69 views3 pages

Synchronous Optical Network

SONET is a communication protocol used to transmit large amounts of data over long distances using optical fiber. It was developed by Bellcore and standardized by ANSI. SONET converts electrical signals to optical signals using multiplexers and allows synchronous transmission of multiple digital data streams over fiber using a single clock.

Uploaded by

aizel3647
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
69 views3 pages

Synchronous Optical Network

SONET is a communication protocol used to transmit large amounts of data over long distances using optical fiber. It was developed by Bellcore and standardized by ANSI. SONET converts electrical signals to optical signals using multiplexers and allows synchronous transmission of multiple digital data streams over fiber using a single clock.

Uploaded by

aizel3647
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)


SONET stands for Synchronous Optical Network. SONET is a communication protocol,


developed by Bell core – that is used to transmit a large amount of data over relatively
large distances using optical fiber. With SONET, multiple digital data streams are
transferred at the same time over the optical fiber.
Key Points:
 Developed by Bellcore
 Used in North America
 Standardized by ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
 Similar to SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) which is used in Europe and Japan.
Why SONET is called a Synchronous Network?
A single clock (Primary Reference Clock, PRC) handles the timing of transmission of
signals & equipments across the entire network.

SONET Network Elements:

SONET Connections:
 Section: Portion of network connecting two neighbouring devices.
 Line: Portion of network connecting two neighbouring multiplexers.
 Path: End-to-end portion of the network.

1. STS Multiplexer:
 Performs multiplexing of signals
 Converts electrical signal to optical signal
2. STS Demultiplexer:
 Performs demultiplexing of signals
 Converts optical signal to electrical signal
3. Regenerator:
It is a repeater, that takes an optical signal and regenerates (increases the strength) it.

4. Add/Drop Multiplexer:
It allows to add signals coming from different sources into a given path or remove a
signal.

Why SONET is used?


SONET is used to convert an electrical signal into an optical signal so that it can travel
longer distances.

SONET Layers:

SONET includes four functional layers:


1. Path Layer:
 It is responsible for the movement of signals from its optical source to its optical
destination.
 STS Mux/Demux provides path layer functions.
2. Line Layer:
 It is responsible for the movement of signal across a physical line.
 STS Mux/Demux and Add/Drop Mux provides Line layer functions.
3. Section Layer:
 It is responsible for the movement of signal across a physical section.
 Each device of network provides section layer functions.
4. Photonic Layer:
 It corresponds to the physical layer of the OSI model.
 It includes physical specifications for the optical fibre channel (presence of light =
1 and absence of light = 0).
Advantages of SONET:
 Transmits data to large distances
 Low electromagnetic interference
 High data rates
 Large Bandwidth

You might also like