The document discusses different types of AC to DC rectifiers including single phase half wave, full wave, and three phase rectifiers. It describes the operation and key characteristics of uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers with resistive and resistive-inductive loads.
The document discusses different types of AC to DC rectifiers including single phase half wave, full wave, and three phase rectifiers. It describes the operation and key characteristics of uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers with resistive and resistive-inductive loads.
The document discusses different types of AC to DC rectifiers including single phase half wave, full wave, and three phase rectifiers. It describes the operation and key characteristics of uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers with resistive and resistive-inductive loads.
The document discusses different types of AC to DC rectifiers including single phase half wave, full wave, and three phase rectifiers. It describes the operation and key characteristics of uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers with resistive and resistive-inductive loads.
1 Outline • Single-phase, half wave rectifier – Uncontrolled: R load, R-L load – Controlled – Free wheeling diode • Single-phase, full wave rectifier – Uncontrolled: R load, R-L load – Controlled – Continuous and discontinuous current mode • Three-phase rectifier – uncontrolled – controlled
2 Rectifiers • DEFINITION: Converting AC (from mains or other AC source) to DC power by using power diodes or by controlling the firing angles of thyristors/controllable switches. • Basic block diagram
• Input can be single or multi-phase (e.g. 3- phase).
• Output can be made fixed or variable • Applications: DC welder, DC motor drive, Battery charger, DC power supply, HVDC
3 Single-phase, half-wave, R-load
4 Half-wave with R-L load
5 Cnd…
6 Extinction angle
7 RMS current, Power
8 Controlled half-wave
9 Freewheeling diode (FWD) • Note that for single-phase, half wave rectifier with R-L load, the load (output) current is NOT continues. D1 • A FWD (sometimes known as commutation diode) D2 can be placed as shown to make it continues
10 Cnd… • The inclusion of FWD results in continues load current, as shown. • For a negative cycle voltage source, – D1 is off, D2 is on – The voltage across the R-L load is zero. – However, the inductor contains energy from positive cycle. The load current still circulates through the R-L path. –the “negative part” of Vo as shown in the normal half-wave disappear.
11 Full wave rectifier • There are two types 1. Full Bridge (FB) 2. Center-tapped (CT) • CT: 2 diodes and FB: 4 diodes. • Hence, CT experienced only one diode volt-drop per half- cycle • Conduction losses for CT is half. • Diodes ratings for CT is twice than FB 12 Bridge waveforms
13 Average (DC) voltage
How do you Compare this value with half wave?
14 Controlled full wave, R load
15 Single Phase full controlled converter with RLE load
16 17 Inverter Mode of Operation 18 Single Phase semi converter • Due to freewheeling diode (FD), power is always positive. • Since there is no negative power, PF is good. • Used in DC drives where there is no possibility of regeneration. • Average output voltage is positive always
19 20 Three-phase rectifiers
21 Three-phase waveforms • Top group: diode with its anode at the highest potential will conduct. The other two will be reversed. • Bottom group: diode with the its cathode at the lowest potential will conduct. The other two will be reversed. • For example, if D1 (of the top group) conducts, vp is connected to van.. If D6 (of the bottom group) conducts, vn connects to vbn . All other diodes are off. • The resulting output waveform is given as: vo=vp-vn • For peak of the output voltage is equal to the peak of the line to line voltage vab .
22 Three-phase, average voltage
23 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter (6 pulse) • Derivation of line voltages from Phase voltages
24 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter
Note: Each line voltage is having 600 phase difference with neighboring line voltages
25 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter
T1, T3 and T5 are called +ve group or upper group SCRs
T4, T6 and T2 are called -ve group or lower group SCRs SCRs are numbered in the sequence of their firing. At any instant two SCRs will be in conduction(one from upper & one from lower group) 26 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter There are total six SCRs and they are fired at every 600 interval. Upper group SCRs are fired at every 1200 interval and similarly lower group SCRs are fired at every 1200 interval. For example, if firing angle is α, the conducting SCRs at different intervals, firing of SCR, outgoing SCR, incoming SCR and load voltages are tabulated in the table. Outgoing Incoming Conducting Output Pulse Interval SCR SCR SCRs voltage 1 (300+α) to (900+α) 5 1 6,1 VAB 2 (900+α) to (1500+α) 6 2 1,2 VAC 3 (1500+α) to (2100+α) 1 3 2, 3 VBC 4 (2100+α) to (2700+α) 2 4 3,4 VBA 5 (2700+α) to (3300+α) 3 5 4,5 VCA 6 (3300+α) to (300+α) 4 6 5,6 VCB
Note: Firing angle measurement is from 300 of phase “A” voltage
27 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter • Wave forms for firing angle 00
28 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter • Wave forms for firing angle 600
29 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter • Wave forms from line voltages
30 Note: Firing angle measurement is from 600 of Vab voltage Three phase fully controlled bridge converter
31 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter • Average voltage:
32 Controlled, three-phase
33 Output voltage of controlled three phase rectifier
