Counseling Theories Chart
Theory Name Key Concepts Techniques Applications
Cognitive Focuses on Cognitive Anxiety, depression,
Behavioral Therapy thoughts, emotions, restructuring, phobias, PTSD,
(CBT) and behaviors and behavior OCD.
their modification,
interconnectedness. exposure therapy.
Emphasizes
identifying and
challenging
irrational beliefs.
Psychoanalytic Explores Free association, Long-standing
Theory unconscious dream analysis, psychological
conflicts, childhood transference issues, personality
experiences, and interpretation. disorders,
defense unresolved trauma.
mechanisms.
Highlights the role
of the therapist-
client relationship.
Humanistic Therapy Stresses self- Active listening, Self-esteem issues,
actualization, reflective identity exploration,
empathy, and responses, personal growth,
unconditional empathetic relationship
positive regard. understanding. difficulties.
Emphasizes client's
capacity for growth
and self-awareness.
Gestalt Therapy Focuses on the Empty chair Emotional blocks,
present moment, technique, role- unresolved past
awareness, and playing, focusing on experiences, self-
personal body sensations. awareness,
responsibility. interpersonal
Encourages conflicts.
integration of
fragmented aspects
of the self.
Existential Therapy Addresses Philosophical Existential crises,
existential concerns exploration, feelings of
such as freedom, confronting meaninglessness,
meaning, and existential anxiety, identity exploration,
mortality. embracing end-of-life issues.
Encourages clients authenticity.
to confront life's
ultimate questions
and take
responsibility for
their choices.
Family Systems Views individuals Genogram Family conflicts,
Therapy within the context of construction, communication
their family systems reframing, boundary breakdowns,
and social networks. setting, structural relationship issues,
Examines patterns interventions. intergenerational
of interaction and trauma.
communication.
Note:
This chart provides a snapshot of the key aspects of each counseling theory including its
core concepts therapeutic techniques and common applications. It can serve as a
starting point for individuals seeking to understand the various approaches available in
counseling and psychotherapy. However it's essential to engage in deeper discussions
with a qualified therapist to determine the most appropriate approach for your specific
needs and goals.
