MRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M.Sc, B.Ed] UPTHRUST IN FLUIDS, ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE & FLOATATION Q.1, Define upthrust. State its S.I unit. Ans. The upward force exerted on a body by the fluid in which it is submerged is called upthrust. [Or buoyant force] . $.1 unit ; newton [N] Q.2 Describe an experiment to show its existence. Ans. When a piece of wood or cork or sealed empty can is immersed in water it bounces back when released and we feel thrust on our fingers while pushing. This shows that water exerts upthrust on body. Q.3._ In what direction and at what point does the buoyant force on a body due to a liquid, act? Ans. Buoyant force acts in the upward direction opposite to the direction in which weight of body acts. It is considered to be act at the centre of buoyancy i. ¢., the centre of gravity of displaced fluid. Q.4. What is meant by the term buoyancy? } Ans. The property of a liquid due to which it exerts an upward force on a body immersed in it. Q.5. Draw a diagram to show the ragittiors acting on a body immersed in a fluid. ah, re) g\ Wy 4 Q.6. Why is a force needed to keep a block of wood inside water? ‘Ans, Force is needed to keep a block a wood inside water as the weight of wood is less than the upthrust acting on it. 7. What is the cause of upthrust? a "pressure increases with depth in a liquid. Thus the upward force exerted on the lower surface of the solid is more than the downward force exerted by the fluid on the upper surface. The e difference between the two forces causes the_upthrust. [Later ch other. ] resultant upward force due to the Mrs Shishira Salian Paget Scanned with CamScannerMRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M.Sc, B.Ed] Q.8.Derive a formula for upthrust. { | Pressure increases with depth P2-PI-¢h2- hl upward force 12d F2- FI Ach? Upthrust ~ Difference in Forces on the upper and | lower surface. | F2-FI = A(h2—hl)pg =F | Fu= A hpe L | Fu Vpg Q.9. State the effect of upthrust Ans. The effect of upthrust is that it causes a /oss in weight. The weight of the body immersed in a liquid appears to be less than its actual weight. Q.10. What is apparent weight of a body? Ans When a solid is immersed in a liquid, it the liquid exerts an upward force which cancels out some of the weight acting downwards. The net weight of the body decreases in the liquid. This reduced weights called the apparent weight of the body Apparent weight = Weight in air - upthrust Q.11.A metal solid cylinder hanging\from the hook of a spring balance ix gradually immersed into the water contained in a jar. What changes do you expect in the readings of the spring b: Explain your answer. Ans, As the cylinder is gradually immersed into the water, the spring balance shows gradual decrease in weight till the body is completely immersed. This is due to the fact that upthrust due to water acts in the upward direction causing a loss in weight, Q.12. Will a body weigh more in air or in vacuum when weighed with a spring balance? Give a reason for your answer, Ans, A body will weigh more in vacuum than in air since there is no upthrust acting in vacuum as there is no fluid. Upthrust due to air causes a loss in weight. Q.13. Why is the weight ofa body in air not its true weight? Ans. Air exerts an upthrust on the body thereby reducing the weight of the body. Thus the weight in air is lesser than the actual weight of the body. True weight of any body is possible only in vacuum. Q.14. Why does a body weigh more in water than in brin Ans. It is because the density of brine is more than that of \ causing greater loss in weight. I Mvs Shishira Salian 9eszi6es425 Page2 ter, Brine offers more upthrust Scanned with CamScannerMRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [I.Sc, B.Ed] i inker plus cork combination in water will be Q.15, State whether the weight of an iron more or less than that of th on sinker alone in water? Give a reason. Ans. Weight of (Iron sinker! Cork) in water is less than weight of iron sinker alone in water, Upthrust is directly related to volume of the body, Since the combination has a greater | volume it will experience more upthrust and hence more loss in weight Q.16. A cork, a stone and an iron block of equal volume are fully immersed in water. Will they suffer the same loss in weight. Explain Ans. Loss in weight = upthrust= Vp, Since volume is the same and they are immersed in the same liquid so d and g are also the same. Thus they experience the same upthrust Q.17. Itis easier to lift a heavy stone under water than in air. Explain. Ans. Under water a heavy stone experiences upthrust due to water. The upthrust counters some of the downward forces due to the weight of the body and so the body loses weight in water and feels lighter. So it is easier to lift stone under water. | Q.18. State two factors on which upthrust on the body depends. Ans. Two factors are: (i) Volume of body submerged i. e. ga the volume of the body submerged in the liquid, greater is the upthrust, \ (ii) Density of the liqui Moree lensity liquid, greater is the upthrust Q.19. A bunch of feathers and aistone of the same mass are released simultaneously in air, 4 [a] Which will fall faster and why? Ans, Stone falls faster as the volume of the feather is more. It experiences greater upthrust since upthrust is directly related to volume of the solid. [b] How will your observation be different if they are released simultaneously in vacuum? 5 In vacuum both stone and feather will fall at the same time as there is no fluid to exert an upthrust. Q.20. A body experiences an upthrust F; in river water and F; in sea water when dipped up to the same level. Which is more F, or F;? Give reason. Ans. F; > F; Reason: Sea water is denser than the river water. [Fy = Vpg] Q.21. A sphere on iron and another of wood of the same radius are held under water. Compare the upthrust on the two spheres, Ans, Sphere of iron and wood have same volume. Both will have equal upthrust i. e. Ratio of uphrust = 1:1 a ——————— 9e92165425 Page3 “Scanned with CamScannerMRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [IV.Sc, B. aj Q.22. A sphere of iron and another of woed, surface of water. State which of the two w Ans. Sphere of iron will sink. The same upthrust acts on both. The density of iron sph will be more than the upthrust so will sink. The density of wood is less than that of water so the weight of the wooden sphere is less than the upthrust so will float. h of same radius are placed on the ink? Give reason to your answer. is more and so its weight State condition when Q.23. A body of density p is immersed in a liquid of density P, the — body will (i) float (ii) sink in liqui Ans. Density of liquid= dL Density of body (i) Itwill float if d< d, : ord =), (ii) Body will sink in liquid if d > di. Q.24, State the Archimedes’ principle. Ans Whenever a body is immersed in a liquid wholly or partially, it experiences an upthrust, which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. Q.1. Define the tem density. Nhe Ans, It is the mass per unit volums pfgeeosiance. Q.2. Express the relationship between C. G. S. and S. I. units of density. ‘Ans. Density=Mass=Ig = gom-3 Vol Icm* Ikg = 1000 1m? (100 x 100 x100) cm? 1 Kg = 1 =10° gem? 1000 Foon? 1000 ke me or [lg cm? = 1000 kg m Q.3. “The density of iron is 7800kg m™.” What do you understand by this statement? ‘Ans, This statement means one cubic meter volume of iron has mass of 7800 kg. Mrs Shishira 9892165425 — Scanned with CamScannerQ.4, State the value density of water at 4°C Ans. Density of water at 4°C is: 1000 kg m” in S. I. units and Density of water at 4°C is: | gem” in C. G. S. uni Q.5. How are the (i) mass (ii) volume and (iii) density of a metallic piece affected, if at all, with increase in temperature? Ans. (i) Mass of a metallic piece remains unchanged with increase in temperature. (ii) Volume of metal increases with increase in temperature. (iii) Density: Density of metal decreases as volume increases with increase in temperature. | Q.6. Water is heated from 0°C to 10°C. How does the density of water change with temperature? Ans. Water shows anomalous behavior between 0-4°C. As water is heated from 0°C, it contracts. The volume decreases and density increases till a a temp of 4°C. Afier this temp, the volume of water increases and density decreases. | Thus at 4°C, water has minimum volume and maximum density | Q.7. Complete the following sentences. ‘ Cs (Mas: x density. jensity of water is kgm (ii)S.Lunit of density is Aiy)Density in kg m $ density in g em a (i) Volume (iii) kg m™ (ii) 1000 (iv) 1000 Te Q.8. What do you understand 6y-the term relative density of a substance? Ans. It is the ratio of density of a sifbstance to the density of water at 4°C.” Or Itis the ratio of mass of the substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at ac. Q.9. What is the unit of relative density? Ans. No units since it is a pure ratio. Q.10. Differentiate between density and relative density of a substance. Ans. MRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M.Sc, B.Ed] Density RD It is the mass per unit volume of a substance | It is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at 4° C Its SI a Mrs Shishira Salian a 9892165425 age unit is kgm It has no units —__| ~~ Scanned with CamScannerMRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M.Sc, B.Ed] FLOATATION Q.1. State the pi le of floatation. Ans. Weight of a floating body is equal to the.weight of the liquid displaced by its submerged part Q.2. A body is held immersed in a liquid (i) Name the two forces acting on body | The two forces are Weight of the body acting downwards and the upthrust acting a _ - upwards _ (ii) Draw a diagram to show the forces Fo /1fthe weight > upthrust the body sinks. (iii) State how do the magnitudes of — ight\< upthrust, body will float. bo forces mentioned determine Iw whether the body will float or sink Q.3. A balloon filled with balloon gas floats ina big closed jar which is connected to an evacuating pump. What will yaur(observation. If air from jar is pumped out? Explain your answer, Ans. The balloon will sink. As the air is pumped out frgfir the jar, the upthrust on the balloon decreases and becomes zero when jar is evaghated Qu. The diagram shows a body floating in three different liquids. | ia | a a Liquid A Liquid B Liquid ‘(a) Which liquid has the | Liquid B since the solid is displacing minimum volume of | highest densi {water to displace weight iquid equal to its own wn weight, | (b) Which liquid has the | Liquid C since the solid is displacing maximum volume of least density? water to displace weight of liquid equal to its own weight, \(¢) Where does the solid | It experiences the same upthrust | experience maximum Weight of a floating body is equal to the upthrust, so wupthrust Mrs Shishira Salian sesz16s425 Pageé Lu — Scanned with CamScanner— = —— —~ MRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M1 Sc, B.Ed] Q.5. A block of wood is so loaded that it just floats What change will occur in the state of floatation. [Ce Some salt is added to water (b) the water is heated | (a) When some salt is added to water, density /(b) When water is heated density of water of water increases. The upthrust increases | decreases. The block will float with more | due to which the block rises up. 7 | portion of it inside the water. water at room temperature. Q.6. A body of vol V and density p, floats with vol v inside liquid of density p,. Show that v= ps vo a Ans, Weight of body acting downward | W=Vp,g._| V: volume of the solid ] ps: density of solid g: acceleration due to gravity volume of liquid displaced = volume of solid immersed pudensity of the liquid Wt. of liquid displaced by the body By the law of floatation, Fora floating body, a W> Vpg=veg Ves =V pL Q.7. Why is the floating ice les persed in brine than in water? Ans, For a floating body the weit the solid is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed part. Mass = volume x density. Brine has higher density than water so ice needs to displace less volume of brine to balance its weight for floatation Q.8._A man first swims in sea water and then in river water, | (a) Compare the weights of sea water | (b) Where does the find it easier to swim | and river water displaced by him. Give reason, | Give reason. Sea water Ans, IL. Density of sea water is greater than density of For a floating body the weight of the | river water. (because of impurities) With smaller Solid is equal to the weight of the liquid | volume of man’s body submerged in sea water, displaced by its immersed part. So the wt. of sea water displaced is equal to the total weight of liquid displaced will be same. | weight of body. While to displace the same | weight of river water, a larger volume of the body | will have to be submerged in water. Mrs Shishira Salian seez16s42s Scanned with CamScanneroo pe MRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M.Sc, B.Ed] | Q.9. State the significance of the plimsoll line drawn on the Je of the ships. Ans, It is a white line drawn on the side of ships. As a ship is being loaded, if the water the touches the line its not loaded further. It indicates the safe limit for loading. Q.10. A piece of ice floating in a glass of water melts, but the level of water in glass does not change. Give reason. Ans. Ice on melting contracts in volume as the density of ice is less than density of water and ice therefore Moats on the surface of water. On melting when its volume decreases so the level of water in the glass does not change. Q. 1. A buoy is held inside water contained in a vessel by tying it with athread to the _ base of the vessel, Name the three forces that | The three forces that keep the buoy in equilibrium are Aeep the buoy in (i) Weight of buoy verticglly, downwards W equilibrium and state the (ii) Upthrust of water'og buoy vertically upwards Fy direction in which each | (iii) Tension in thpfudNertically downwards T towards the forces acts. | point of suspen Draw a diagram Q.12. A loaded cargo ship sails from sea water to river water? observations. Ans. For a floating body the weight of the solid is equal 1o the weight ofthe liquid displaced by its immersed part State and explain your Density of sea water is more than density of sea water due to the presence of the dissolved salts. Therefore when ship moves to river 1s ater to sea water, it sinks to larger depth thus displacing more volume of water is so that wt. of displaced water becomes equal to the wt. of ship and ship floats. Scanned with CamScannerQ.13. Explain the following: fa) Teebergs floating in sea are dangerous for ips. [(b) An egg sinks in fresh water, but floats in a strong salt solution. (c) A toy balloons filled with hydrogen rise to the ceiling, but if filled with carbon dioxide sink to the | floor. (@) Asa ship in harbor is being unloaded, it slowly rises higher in water, MRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M.Sc, B.Ed] Icebergs are huge masses of ice floating in sea. Density of ice is 0.917 g em” and water is | g em"Ice floats with about 90% below water only 10% of it above surface of water. It is thus difficult to the sailors to estimate the size of the ice berg inside water leading to collisions with the ship. | In fresh water an egg sinks as weight of water displaced by egg is less than its own weight. The density of egg is more than water. In strong solution of salt, density of water is increased and weight of water displaced by egg is more than weight of egg | and egg floats in salt solution, Carbon dioxide is denser than air so the balloons sinks. Hydrogen has a lesser density than air so floats For a floating body the’ weight of the solid is equal to the weight of the liquid-displaced by its immersed part. As the ship is uploaded, its weight decreases, it has to now displace aatne of water to balance its weight and so rises. iw (©) A balloon filled with hydrogen rises to a certain height and then stops rising further. Ini (the density of the balloon is lesser than that of air and the vapht of the air displaced i.e upthrust, is more than the weigitt of the balloon so it rises, so it rises up. The density of air decreases with increase in height. The upthrust acting on the balloon decreases At the point where the upthrust is equal to the weight of the balloon, the balloon stops rising and starts floatin, (f) An iron nail sinks in water while an iron ship floats on water. Explain the reason. 9892165425 For a Mloating body the weight of the solid is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed part. Density of iron is more than density of water and weight of iron nail is more than —_ wt. of water displaced by it and nail sinks. The shape of iron ship is made in such a way that it displaces | more weight of water than its own weight. Also the ship is | hollow and the empty space contains air which makes the | p less than that of water and hence ship | average density of shi floats on water, Mrs Shishira Salian Scanned with CamScannerMRS SHISHIRA SALIAN [M.Sc, B.Ed] Q.14. Complete the following sentences: (a) Two balls, one of iron and the other of aluminium experience the same upthrust | when dipped completely in water if (b) An empty tin container with its mouth closed has an average density equal to | that of a liquid. The container is taken 2 m below the surface of that liquid and | is left there. Then the container wii |(©) A piece of wood is held under water. weight of the wood piece. | (a) A body will experience (e) The buoyant force experienced by a body is water or sea water. (f) The buoyant force experienced by a body is when it is completely immersed in both. (g)_ The buoyant force is equal to the upthrust when Ans. (a) both have equal volume (b) container will bounce back to the surface (c) more than. (d) the same (e) same (£) less (g) the body is floating | be the The upthrust on it upthrust whether it is floating in oil or water whether it is floating in river | in river water than sea water | Page 10 Mrs Shishira Salian 9892165425 nd Scanned with CamScanner