BUKU JAWABAN TUGAS MATA KULIAH
TUGAS 2
Nama Mahasiswa :-
Nomor Induk Mahasiswa/ NIM :-
Kode/Nama Mata Kuliah : ADBI4201/Bahasa Inggris Niaga
Kode/Nama UPBJJ :-
Masa Ujian : 2022/2023.2 (2023.1)
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
2024
JAWABAN TUGAS MATA KULIAH 2
Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris Niaga
Jawaban :
Topic A.
First-movers Enjoy Sustainable Competitive Advantages but Suffer Some Disadvantages
Being a first-mover in business can offer significant advantages, but it also comes with its share of
disadvantages. On the positive side, companies that are first to market can create strong brand
recognition and build customer loyalty quickly. They also have the opportunity to establish
infrastructure and distribution systems that can serve as barriers to entry for later competitors. These
advantages can lead to a sustainable competitive edge.
However, being a first-mover is not without risks. One major disadvantage is the high cost of product
development and significant investment in marketing and education. First-movers must educate the
market about their products or services, which often requires considerable time and resources.
Additionally, other companies can learn from the first-mover's mistakes and come in with improved
products or more efficient strategies, eroding the first-mover's advantage.
Overall, while being a first-mover can offer sustainable advantages, companies need to be prepared
for the risks and disadvantages that may arise. Companies should have flexible strategies to address
changes and competition in the future.
Topic B.
GDP Is Not a Perfect Measure of Welfare
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is commonly used to gauge a country's economic performance, but it
has significant limitations when measuring welfare. GDP reflects the total monetary value of all
goods and services produced within a nation, but it doesn't capture the distribution of wealth. A high
GDP can coexist with stark income inequality, where many people remain in poverty despite overall
economic growth.
Additionally, GDP overlooks non-market activities that contribute to well-being, such as unpaid
caregiving and volunteer work. These activities, while crucial to social welfare, are not included in
GDP calculations. Furthermore, GDP fails to account for environmental degradation or resource
depletion, both of which have long-term impacts on quality of life.
GDP also tends to prioritize quantity over quality. An increase in production might boost GDP, but it
doesn't necessarily translate to improved living standards. For instance, a rise in healthcare
expenditure due to increased illness would elevate GDP, but it wouldn't mean better health outcomes.
To truly assess welfare, other measures like the Human Development Index (HDI) or the Genuine
Progress Indicator (GPI) provide a more comprehensive view, considering factors like education,
health, income distribution, and environmental sustainability
Topic C.
Education holds important role in the development of human capital
Education is crucial for developing human capital, offering individuals the knowledge and skills
needed to thrive in a competitive world. It serves as a cornerstone for personal growth, economic
prosperity, and social cohesion.
Education provides the foundational skills—like literacy, numeracy, and critical thinking—that are
essential for career success. A well-educated workforce is more productive and adaptable, driving
innovation and economic growth. In a knowledge-based economy, these skills are invaluable for
maintaining competitiveness and ensuring long-term economic resilience.
Furthermore, education promotes social mobility. By offering equal opportunities for learning,
education enables individuals to break the cycle of poverty and climb the socioeconomic ladder. This
can reduce income inequality and create a more inclusive society, where everyone has a chance to
succeed.
Beyond its economic benefits, education fosters civic engagement and social responsibility. Educated
individuals are more likely to participate in democratic processes, contribute to their communities,
and advocate for social change. Governments and institutions should focus on reducing barriers to
education, such as financial constraints or geographic disparities, to ensure that everyone can benefit
from its transformative power. Ultimately, education is an investment in both individual and societal
growth, leading to a brighter future for all.
