Loops (while)

Intro to loop
Loop is one of fundamental concepts of programming.
It is a control structure that allows one to repeatedly execute a block of codes.
Components of a loop:
1) Initialization: one or more variable(s) to keep track of the loop.

2) Condition: boolean expression based on which the loop runs.

3) Body: block of codes which is executed each time the loop runs.

4) Steps: updating the initialized variable(s) to make sure the loop runs certain

amount of times only.

 START
Scenario to Flowchart
Print “CSE
Initialization i=1
is fun”
Before diving into programming, let’s try to visualize
how loop actually works using Flowcharts. Print “CSE
Condition is is
fun” FALSE

}
i <= 500
Scenario 1: Draw a flowchart that print “CSE is fun” ?
500 times. TRUE 496 times
Body
Print “CSE
Two Possible solutions: is fun”
Print “CSE
is fun”
1. Draw the Print block 500 times.
i += 1
Steps Print “CSE
is fun”
2. Using Loops!!
END
END
 START
Scenario to Flowchart (Contd) Initialization i=1
Let’s try to solve another scenario using flowchart
Condition FALSE
is
Scenario 2: Draw a flowchart that prints all i <= 120 ?

numbers between 1 to 120 (including) that are TRUE

divisible by 7. is FALSE
i%7==0
Body ?
As you can see from this example, the looping TRUE
body can contain branching conditions as well. Print i
In complex operations, we can use loops within
loops when needed.
i += 1
Steps

END
Loops in Java
Now that you have a brief visualization of how loops work. Let’s head into coding in
Java. There are three types of loops in Java.

1. while loop.
2. for loop.
3. do while loop.

❖ for and while loop only enters the loop’s body if the condition is true.

❖ On the other hand, do while loop executes the body’s code first then checks the
condition.
while loop

Structure of while loop: Key points of the structure:

➢ We initialize the variable outside the loop’s
1. INITIALIZATION
2. while ( CONDITION ){ body.

3. BODY OF THE LOOP ➢ After the while keyword we write the

4. STEPS condition within parenthesis.
5. } ➢ Then at the end of the loop’s body we
increase/decrease the initialized variable.
 Let’s try to compare the Scenario 1 flowchart with the Java
while loop (Contd) code of the same problem.

START
1. public class WhileLoopScenario1{
2. public static void main(String[] args) { Initialization
i=0
3. int i = 0;
4. while ( i < 500 ) {
5. System.out.println(“CSE IS FUN”); Condition is FALSE
6. i+=1; i < 500
?
7. }
TRUE
8. } Body
Print “CSE
9. } is fun”
Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is /home/Java110
> run WhileLoopScenario1
Steps i += 1
CSE IS FUN
CSE IS FUN
……. END
 How about printing numbers? Let’s try to print 1 to 15 using
while loop (Contd) while loop.

START
1. public class WhileLoopNumbers{
2. public static void main(String[] args) { Initialization
i=1
3. int i = 1;
4. while ( i <= 15 ) {
5. System.out.print(i + “ ”); Condition
is FALSE
6. i+=1; i <= 15?
7. }
TRUE
8. } Body
9. } Print i

Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is /home/Java110

> run WhileLoopNumbers
Steps i += 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 >

END
 Let’s try to compare the Scenario 2 flowchart with the Java
while loop (Contd) code of the same problem. START

Initialization i=1
1. public class WhileLoopScenario2{
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. int i = 1; Condition FALSE
is
4. while ( i <= 120 ) { i <= 120 ?
5. If ( i%7==0 ) {
6. System.out.print(i+“ ”); TRUE
7. } is FALSE
8. i+=1; i%7==0
9. } ?
10. } Body
TRUE
11. }
Print i

Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is /home/Java110

Steps
> run WhileLoopScenario2
i += 1
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 >

END
Practice
● Print the even numbers up to n
● Print the sum of first n integers
● Print the sum of all odd integers from 0 to n
● Write a program to keep asking for a number until you enter a negative
number. At the end, print the sum of all entered numbers
THANK YOU!