Conditional

statements and
operators
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

George Boorman
Curriculum Manager, DataCamp
Booleans
# Boolean variable
the_truth = True
print(the_truth)

True

Used to make comparisons

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Operators
Comparison operators
Symbols or combinations of symbols

Used to compare things

Similar to symbols for calculations such as * , + , - etc.

Check if two things are equal

==

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Checking for equality
# Compare if 2 is equal to 3
2 == 3

False

# Check that 2 is not equal to 3

2 != 3

True

Common use-case: checking login details

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Numeric comparison operators
# Is 5 less than 7? # Is 5 greater than 7?
5 < 7 5 > 7

True False

# Is 5 less than or equal to 7? # Is 5 greater or equal to 7?

5 <= 7 5 >= 7

True False

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Other comparisons
# Is James greater than Brian
"James" > "Brian"

True

Strings are evaluated in alphabetical order

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Conditional statements
If True perform a task
otherwise, do nothing

if > condition is met > perform action

# Target units sold and actual units sold

sales_target = 350
units_sold = 355

# Compare sales
if units_sold >= sales_target

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements
# Target units sold and actual units sold
sales_target = 350
units_sold = 355

# Compare sales
if units_sold >= sales_target:

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements
# Target units sold and actual units sold
sales_target = 350
units_sold = 355

# Compare sales
if units_sold >= sales_target:
print("Target achieved")

'Target achieved'

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Indentation
# Target units sold and actual units sold
sales_target = 350
units_sold = 355

# Compare sales
if units_sold >= sales_target:
print("Target achieved") # This line is not indented

print("Target achieved")
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Elif statement
# Target units sold and actual units sold
sales_target = 350
units_sold = 325
# Compare sales
if units_sold >= sales_target:
print("Target achieved")
# Check if we were close to the target
elif units_sold >= 320:
print("Target almost achieved")

Can use as many elif keywords as we like!

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Else statement
# Compare sales
if units_sold >= sales_target:
print("Target achieved")
# Check if we were close to the target
elif units_sold >= 320:
print("Target almost achieved")
# Otherwise...
else:
print("Target not achieved")

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Comparison operators cheat sheet
Operator Function Keyword Function Use
== Equal to First in the
if If condition is met workflow
!= Not equal to
elif Else check if After if
condition is met
> More than
else
Else perform this After elif
>= More than or equal to action

< Less than

<= Less than or equal to

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

 Let's practice!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS
 For loops
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

George Boorman
Curriculum Manager, DataCamp
Individual comparisons
# Prices list
prices = [9.99, 8.99, 35.25, 1.50, 5.75]
prices[0] > 10

False

prices[0] < 5

False

prices[0] >= 5 and prices[0] <= 10

True

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

For loop syntax
for value in sequence:
action

for each value in sequence , perform action

action is indented because of the colon in the previous line

sequence = iterable e.g., list, dictionary, etc

value = iterator, i.e., the index

Placeholder (can give it any name), i is common.

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Print individual values
# Prices list
prices = [9.99, 8.99, 35.25, 1.50, 5.75]

# Print each value in prices

for price in prices:
print(price)

9.99
8.99
35.25
1.5
5.75

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements in for loops
for price in prices:

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements in for loops
for price in prices:
# Check if the price is more than 10
if price > 10:

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements in for loops
for price in prices:
# Check if the price is more than 10
if price > 10:
print("More than $10")

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements in for loops
for price in prices:
# Check if the price is more than 10
if price > 10:
print("More than $10")
# Check if the price is less than 5
elif price < 5:
print("Less than $5")

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements in for loops
for price in prices:
# Check if the price is more than 10
if price > 10:
print("More than $10")
# Check if the price is less than 5
elif price < 5:
print("Less than $5")
# Otherwise print the price
else:
print(price)

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements in for loops
9.99
8.99
More than $10
Less than $5
5.75

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Looping through strings
username = "george_dc"
# Loop through username and print each character
for char in username:
print(char)

g
e
o
r
g
e
_
d
c

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Looping through dictionaries
products_dict = {"AG32":87.99, "HT91":21.50,
"PL65":43.75, "OS31":19.99,
"KB07":62.95, "TR48":98.0}

# Loop through keys and values

for key, val in products_dict.items():
print(key, val)

AG32 87.99
HT91 21.5
PL65 43.75
OS31 19.99
KB07 62.95
TR48 98.0

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Looping through dictionaries
# Loop through keys # Loop through values
for key in products_dict.keys(): for val in products_dict.values():
print(key) print(val)

AG32 87.99
HT91 21.5
PL65 43.75
OS31 19.99
KB07 62.95
TR48 98.0

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Range
Can use for loops to update variables

range(start, end + 1)

start = inclusive

end = not inclusive

for i in range(1, 6):

print(i)

1
2
3
4
5

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Building a counter
# No visits yet
visits = 0
# Loop through numbers 1-10
for i in range(1, 11):
# Add one to visits during each iteration
visits += 1 # Same as visits = visits + 1

print(visits)

10

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 Let's practice!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS
 While loops
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

George Boorman
Curriculum Manager, DataCamp
If statement
If statement

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

If statement versus while loop
If statement While loop

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

 While loop
while condition:
action

Any continuous task

Accelerate while a button is pressed

Monitor while below/above a threshold

1 https://unsplash.com/@joaoscferrao

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

While loop
# Stock limit
stock = 10

# Number of purchases
num_purchases = 0

# While num_purchases < stock limit

while num_purchases < stock:
# Increment num_purchases
num_purchases += 1
# Print remaining stock
print(stock - num_purchases)

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Output
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

A word of caution
while runs continually while the condition is met

# Stock limit
stock = 10
# Number of purchases
num_purchases = 0

# While num_purchases < threshold

while num_purchases < stock:

# Print remaining stock

print(stock - num_purchases)

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Running forever
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Breaking a loop
# While num_purchases < threshold
while num_purchases < stock:

# Print remaining stock

print(stock - num_purchases)

# Terminate the loop

break

break can also be used in for loops

If the code is already running: Control + C / Command + C

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements within while loops
# While num_purchases < threshold
while num_purchases < stock:
# Increment num_purchases
num_purchases += 1
# Conditional statement inside the loop
if stock - num_purchases > 7:
print("Plenty of stock remaining")
elif stock - num_purchases > 3:
print("Some stock remaining")
elif stock - num_purchases != 0:
print("Low stock!")
else:
print("No stock!")

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Conditional statements output
Plenty of stock remaining
Plenty of stock remaining
Some stock remaining
Some stock remaining
Some stock remaining
Some stock remaining
Low stock!
Low stock!
Low stock!
No stock!

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

 Let's practice!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS
 Building a workflow
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

George Boorman
Curriculum Manager, DataCamp
Complex workflows
Loops through data structures
for , while

Evaluate multiple conditions

if , elif , else , > , >= , < , <= , == , !=

Update variables
+=

Return outputs
print()

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

The "in" keyword
in = check if a value is in a variable/data structure

products_dict = {"AG32": 10, "HT91": 20,

"PL65": 30, "OS31": 15,
"KB07": 25, "TR48": 35}

# Check if "OS31" is a key in products_dict

if "OS31" in products_dict.keys():
print(True)
else:
print(False)

True

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

The "not" keyword
not = check if a condition is not met

# Check if "OS31" is not a key in products_dict

if "OS31" not in products_dict.keys():
print(False)
else:
print(True)

True

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

The "and" keyword
and = check if multiple conditions are met

# Check if "HT91" is a key and the minimum price of all products is > 5
if "HT91" in products_dict.keys() and min(products_dict.values()) > 5:
print(True)
else:
print(False)

True

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

The "or" keyword
or = check if one (or more) condition is met

# Check if "HT91" is a key or that the minimum price of all products is < 5
if "HT91" in products_dict.keys() or min(products_dict.values()) < 5:
print(True)
else:
print(False)

True

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Adding/subtracting from variables
Combine keywords with other technique to build complex workflows

sales_count = 0
for sale in range(1, 10):
# sales_count = sales_count + 1
sales_count += 1
stock = 10
for sale in range(1, 10):
# sales_count = sales_count - 1
stock -= 1

Other ways to update variables

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Appending
Store information that meets specific criteria in a list

# Create an empty list

expensive_products = []

# Loop through the dictionary

for key, val in products_dict.items():

# Check if price is 20 dollars or more

if val >= 20:

# Append the product ID to the list

expensive_products.append(key)

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Appending
print(expensive_products)

['HT91', 'PL65', 'KB07', 'TR48']

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 Let's practice!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS
 Congratulations!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

George Boorman
Curriculum Manager, DataCamp
Chapter 1 recap
Syntax Action Example Output # Define total_spend
* Multiply 4 * 10 40 total_spend = 3150.96

+ Addition 7 + 9 16
# Single quotes
- Subtract 23 - 4 19 customer_name = 'George Boorman'

/ Division 27 / 3 9
# Double quotes also work
** Power 3 ** 2 9 customer_name = "George Boorman"
% Modulo 7 % 4 3

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Chapter 2 recap
current_top_album = "For All The Dogs" # List of prices
prices = [10, 20, 30, 15, 25, 35]
# Convert to lowercase # Get the value at the first index
current_top_album = current_top_album.lower() prices[0]

# Creating a dictionary # Create a prices set

products_dict = {"AG32": 10, "HT91": 20, prices_set = {10, 20, 30,
"PL65": 30, "OS31": 15, 15, 25, 35}
"KB07": 25, "TR48": 35} # Create a prices tuple
prices_tuple = (10, 20, 30,
15, 25, 35)

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Chapter 3 recap
Operator Function Keyword Function Use
== Equal to First in the
if If condition is met workflow
!= Not equal to
elif Else check if After if
condition is met
> More than
else
Else perform this After elif
>= More than or equal to action

< Less than

<= Less than or equal to

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Chapter 3 recap
# Prices list
prices = [9.99, 8.99, 35.25, 1.50, 5.75]

# Print each value in prices

for price in prices:
print(price)

9.99
8.99
35.25
1.5
5.75

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Chapter 3 recap
# Stock limit
stock = 10
# Number of purchases
num_purchases = 0

# While num_purchases < stock limit

while num_purchases < stock:
# Increment num_purchases
num_purchases += 1
# Print remaining stock
print(stock - num_purchases)

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Chapter 3 recap
Keyword Function
and Evaluate if multiple conditions are true

or Evaluate one or more conditions are true

in Evaluate if a value is in a data structure

not Evaluate if a value is not in a data structure

list.append()

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

Next steps
Additional built-in functions Building custom functions
zip()

enumerate()

Packages and modules

os

time

venv

pandas

requests

numpy

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS

 Congratulations!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR DEVELOPERS