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Stream Function

The document discusses differential analysis of fluid motion including stream function, circulation, and velocity potential. It provides definitions and equations for stream function, circulation, and how they relate to the velocity potential and Laplace's equation for incompressible and irrotational fluid flows.

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zahra wardani
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27 views20 pages

Stream Function

The document discusses differential analysis of fluid motion including stream function, circulation, and velocity potential. It provides definitions and equations for stream function, circulation, and how they relate to the velocity potential and Laplace's equation for incompressible and irrotational fluid flows.

Uploaded by

zahra wardani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID MECHANICS

DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID


MOTION:
‐. Stream Function
‐. Circulation
‐. Velocity Potential
STREAM FUNCTION ()
(**)

Streamlines in the x‐y


plane
STREAM FUNCTION () FOR 2-D INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW

  relates the streamline and conservation of mass

y
 
u ; v
y x
 streamline
V
u v  2  2
    0
dr x y xy yx
dy
dx

 is exact, and the integral d between to points in the flow


field, 2 -1, depends only on end points of the integral
Streamlines are lines in the flow field that are everywhere tangent
to the velocities,

Velocity and velocity components


along a streamline.
3
y 2
E F
1
B (x1, y2) D
C (x2, y2)

V
v
u A (x1, y1)

Analysis of flow crossing AB and BC


 
dQ  V  dA  Constant
For flow per unit width at AB
 2
dy   d   2  1
y2 y2
Q   y1
udy   y1 y 1
3
y 2
E F
1
B (x1, y2) D
C (x2, y2)

V
v
u A (x1, y1)

The flow crossing BC is

 1

x2 x2
Q   vdx    dx   d   2  1
x1 x1 x 2

Flow rate between two streamlines per unit width for an


incompressible flow is the difference between the constant values
of 
Example problem 5.4

DATA : Flow field: V  Axî  Ayˆj
FOUND : a) Stream function, .
b) Plot at first quadrant
 
SOLUTION : u ;v  
y x

From data: u = Ax =
y
  
  Axy    dy   f  x 
 y 
  Axdy f x  Axy  f x
Function f(x) can be evaluated by v-equation.
  df
v    Axy  f  x    Ay 
x x dx

But, from data we have: v = -Ay. Maka:

df
 0, Or f (x) = constant. Then:
dx

  Axy  C
Plot for several stream function () at the 1st and 2nd quadrants
can be seen in following picture:
CIRCULATION ( )
 
Γ   V  ds
C
CIRCULATION ( )
 
   V  ds
C

CCW path of the integration is defined as the positive sense


 v   u 
d  ux   v  x y   u  y x  vy
 x   y 
 v u 
d    xy
 x y 
d  2 z xy

Then:
 
  
   V  ds   2z dA     V z dA
C A A

This is called as the “Stokes Theorem


in 2-D”.
………………….FLUID DEFORMATION
IRROTATIONAL FLOW – VELOCITY POTENTIAL

 1 
   V  0
2

Then, in cartesian coordinate:


w v u w v u
     0
y z z x x y

Then, in cylindrical coordinate:

1 Vz V Vr Vz 1 rV 1 Vr


     0
r  z z r r r r 
IRROTATIONAL FLOW AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL ()

 
 0  V  0
Fundamental vector identity:
Curl (grad  ) =      0

For an irrotational flow, one can define a velocity potential,  .

Can then be defined: 


V  
And:
  
u ; v ; w
x y z
STREAM FUNCTION ( ) AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL ( )

Stream function (): Continuity & Incompressible flow

Velocity potential (): Irrotational flow

Stream function () is not a restriction for irrotational flow

Irrotational flow “Viscous forces can be neglected”


STREAM FUNCTION () AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL ( ):
LAPLACE’S EQUATION

Velocity components in the x-y plane:


 
u v
y x

v u  2  2
Irrotational  0  2 0
x y x 2
y
flow

Continuity
u v
 0
 2  2
 2 0
]
LAPLACE’S
Eq.

Equation x y x 2
y
STREAM FUNCTION ( ) AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL ( ) :
LAPLACE’S EQUATION

LAPLACE’S EQUATION WORKS FOR: - 2-D flow


- Incompressible flow
- Irrotational flow

For a streamline,  = constant, hence:

   
d  dx  dy  0 dy   dx
x y y x

Therefore the slope of a line with  = constant is:

dy   x v v
   
dx  constant  y u u
STREAM FUNCTION ( ) AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL ( ) :
LAPLACE’S EQUATION

For a line with  = constant, then:


   
d  dx  dy  0 dy   dx
x y y x

Therefore the slope is:


dy   x u u
   
dx  constant  y v v  = constant

Finally:
 = constant
 dy    dy    v   u 
             1
 dx    dx    u   v 
STREAM FUNCTION ( ) AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL ( ) :
LAPLACE’S EQUATION

 dy    dy    v   u 
             1
 dx    dx    u   v 

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