CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

The concept of mixed-use developments was old as the ancient city of Greece that

continued to the medieval cities into the present in the vibrant cities of London and Paris. The

mixed-use developments provide multiple uses and vary its scale from a shared building into

a development area. These purposes include any combination of housing, office, retail,

medical, recreational, commercial, or industrial components.

These types of developments contribute to different sectors of urbanization of a city.

One of the most important aspects is Economic growth, mixed-use developments help

vitalize the local neighborhoods. In addition, mixed-use developments reduce the travel time

and utilization of natural resources making it more environmentally sustainable. Lastly, it

contributes to the overall health of the users by having an active lifestyle and a sense of

community in the complex building.

Urban Planning in the Philippines faces several key problems. There is a lack of

coordination and complementarity in urban developments which leads to neglection of

infrastructures and inconvenience to the citizens. One prime example is the zoning in metro

manila. The unequal allocation of residential and commercial districts leads to immense

traffic and air pollution. In addition, the lack of urban greenery results in harming the

environment in the neighborhood.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 13

 The city of Sta. Rosa, located in the province of Laguna is a first class municipality

and home to multiple economic districts and industrial parks. It is one of the wealthiest cities

in CALABARZON. The city of Sta. Rosa has a great potential for mixed-use developments.

The proposed mixed-use residential-commercial building aims to increase the

economic status further by offering business and job opportunities. It also intends to have an

environmentally sustainable establishment that can cater the needs of the users physically,

mentally and socially. The complex building is composed of condominium and office

headquarters as its major project component and commercial/retail spaces and building

amenities as its minor project components.

1.2 Background of the Study

The province of Laguna lays at the region of CALABARZON in Luzon and part of

the Greater Manila Area along with Cavite, Rizal and Bulacan. Laguna hugs the southern

shores of Laguna de Bay—the largest lake in the country, and has a total land area of 1,

917.85 km sq, occupying the north-central section of Region IV-A(CALABARZON), with a

total population of 3, 382, 193 people according to the Philippine Statistics Authority (2020).

The province had experienced a rapid economic growth of a mixed development of industries

of agriculture, tourism, industrial and commercial development throughout its cities and

municipalities since the late 60’s. These made Laguna yields to its titles including “the

Detriot of the Philippines”, “Resort Capital of the Philippines”, and the “Silicon Valley of

the Philippines”. Businesses and land developments became its prime industries with twenty-

one (21) economic zones as registered under the Philippine Economic Zone Authority. In

addition, Laguna has now a growing Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry,

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 14

establishing in the city of Sta. Rosa, as well as business districts and shopping malls that

brings a huge opportunity to working class and business owners, and attractive places to dine

and relax.

Sta. Rosa is considered the prime city and known to be the Lion City of South Luzon.

The city caters to a wide range of commercial and industrial developments including

Industrial parks, commercial banks, car dealerships, shopping malls, and BPO industry.

These developments cause to attract a huge population of workers to who works in the

companies and wanted to settle temporarily or permanently inside the city, and tons of people

who enjoys shopping and explore new ways to enjoy the city life through leisure, and people

who have interests in owning real estate properties. Thus, there are foreseen calls to develop

more residential projects and that city developers are now grasping the idea of building

complex designs of infrastructures that shall cater a variety of spaces in one development.

This leaves a positive impact by maximizing land use without sacrificing more of the

environment, enjoys the urban setting in one development, utilizes spaces to its maximum

potential, and creates a flexible and harmonious community.

The proposed mixed-use development aims to positively contribute to the needs of

settlement of our working population of the city of Sta. Rosa, Laguna, through complex

design. A multistorey development aims to provide condominium units, as well as

commercial spaces such as office spaces, retail and convenience stores, and wellness centers.

This will not only contribute to the issue of settlement but will also attract more workforce

that will positively influence the economic growth of the city. In addition, the project also

recognizes the importance of work-life balance and promoting sustainable and cost-effective

design.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 15

1.3 Statement of the problem

The following problems for this study included three major problems and three minor

problems which were structured to further offer insights to the problems:

1.3.1 What is the most suitable development in the city of Sta. Rosa that will further

grow its economic status?

1.3.2. How will the development cater to the needs of its users?

1.3.3. What are the effects of the proposed project on the community around it?

1.4 Significance of the study

Through this study, the proposed Multi Storey Mixed-use Development with

Condominium and Commercial spaces will boost and improve the economy not only of the

Sta. Rosa City but also to the whole Province of Laguna. It will also benefit the following:

To the working population, the proposed mixed-use development intends to give

convenience to provide a holistic experience for the working population and residents of the

city who seek temporary and/or permanent settlement.

To the real-estate industry, the booming industry of real-estate investments has a

huge role in mapping our urban landscape. Mixed-use developments offer an innovative

solution to the rapid growth of urbanization, as they provide residents convenience and

promote walkability, and access with a variety of services and spaces.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 16

 To the City of Sta. Rosa, the proposed development is expected to considerably

enhance the volume of working population, tourists, business, and real-estate owners. The

study will promote the local economy of the province as well as environmental sustainability.

To the community members of Sta. Rosa City, the residents can expect increased

job prospects during and after the construction phase of this project. The study will

intentionally employ principles and approaches that resonate with the community's culture

while also enhancing the environment and mitigating natural occurrences.

1.5 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are articulated into two (2) parts such as the project

objectives and design objectives that are presented for readers to understand the importance

of this study.

1.5.1 Project Objectives

This proposed project aims to establish a mixed-use development that will

boost the economic sector of the area but also improve the lifestyle of its users and the

community around it. The study objectives include:

1.5.1.1. To establish a condominium-office building will help establish more

businesses and grow the economic status.

1.5.1.2. To provide a work-live-play lifestyle offering convenience of having

essential materials for living in the area.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 17

 1.5.1.3. To promote local businesses and boost the job employment in the

district.

1.5.2 Design Objectives

The study is intended to provide an advanced and holistic approach in

implementing design applications that will result in an efficient and of new multi storey

mixed-use development. The following design objectives include provident considerations

and goals to be accomplished:

1.5.2.1 To design a building complex that promotes environmental

sustainability.

1.5.2.2 To design efficient spaces for the residents, employees, and customers

to create an organized and functional workspace.

1.5.2.3 To adapt sustainability and tropical architecture approach to the design

of the project.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the study

The study focuses on the proposed Multi Storey Mixed-use Development with

Condominium and Commercial spaces at Sta. Rosa City, which includes physical,

environmental, social and economic aspects of the project.

This study comprises the following:

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 18

1. Architectural Planning and Design

2. Analysis of related literature and studies - local and foreign

3. Site Planning

4. Feasibility Study

The scopes of the the project are the following:

1. Condominium units

2. Office spaces

3. Commercial spaces

4. Administrative space

5. Parking

6. Utility rooms

Delimitations

The researcher concentrated on the architectural facets of the study, incorporating

essential information to bolster the concept or meet specific criteria. However, the

investigation had constraints in terms of detailed engineering examinations, such as in-depth

analyses of mechanical, electrical, structural, and seismic aspects concerning the structure's

response to earthquakes. Additionally, it lacked comprehensive examinations of plumbing,

sanitary designs, and specifications for materials unless supplementary details were furnished

to reinforce the design concept.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 19

 Furthermore, the proponent intends to classify the Condominium and Office spaces as

the significant structure, with the remaining spaces considered minor. In both major and

minor structures, the focus will be solely on architectural aspects.

1.7 Theoretical Framework

“Recognizing the need is the primary condition for design.”

-Charles Eames

More than designing a space, a building, or a whole community, architects have a

greater task beyond aesthetics. They are uniquely positioned to improve life on a numerous

level for professionals, cities, and private individuals. Most importantly, their task is to

determine the needs of the people to be able to provide a shelter with a healthy environment

to achieve a harmonious and active welfare for the people.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 20

1.8 Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Figure 1.1 Design Diagram

The Design Paradigm in Figure 1.1 shows dependent and independent

variables needed in the conceptualization of the project proposal – A Proposed Mix-

Use Office and Condominium Development at Sta, Rosa City, Laguna. The dependent

variables are the design concept as a process and the proposed project as the output.

The independent variables are the design considerations and the major and minor

problems.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 21

 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Related Literature

2.1.1 Foreign Literature

Figure 2.1

UN Studio, Düsseldorf, Germany

(Source: https://www.archdaily.com/1006565/unstudio-wins-competition-for-a-lively-and-

sustainable-mixed-use-development-in-dusseldorf/64faf6227109e3241de3dbdc-unstudio-wins-

competition-for-a-lively-and-sustainable-mixed-use-development-in-dusseldorf-photo)

The UN Studio is located in Düsseldorf, Germany and an award winning mixed-use

development for its design, surpassing other internationally recognized participant offices.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 22

This remarkable architecture features two-mixed use towers measuring up to 120 meters, and

spaces including offices, residential spaces, and multifunctional spaces and services such as

sports, fitness, medical facilities, gastronomy spaces, a mobility hub, daycare center, and

opportunities for cultural events. Furthermore, while the adjacent community center generates

a lively public space to stimulate the neighborhood at street level and provide adequate areas

for people to conduct events and meetings, the two towers will define the image of the new

district. Numerous activities, including social and cultural events as well as leisure pursuits,

are possible at the community center. Easy access to the city is ensured by the mobility hub,

and a first-floor pedestrian bridge links it to the neighborhood garage and bicycle highway,

providing chances for a variety of mobility devices.

The residential tower exhibits a range of apartment layouts adapted to diverse modern

family arrangements. Innovative wet room designs enable residents to customize their living

spaces, enhancing flexibility. Furthermore, the adjacent tower caters to office environments

pitched towards employees, featuring amenities like communal areas for relaxation and

focus, recreational facilities, and abundant greenery integrated seamlessly into the

architecture. Its Plug'n'Play office setup, comprising both private and open-plan areas across

each floor, fosters collaboration and adaptability to evolving workplace demands.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 23

 Figure 2.2Amstel Design District, Amsterdam

(Source:https://www.archdaily.com/999420/mecanoo-unveils-the-design-of-the-future-oriented-

amstel-design-district-in-amsterdam/6437cd0e961579017c99a15e-mecanoo-unveils-the-design-of-

the-future-oriented-amstel-design-district-in-amsterdam-photo)

Amstel Design District is a mixed-use development that includes social housing, mid-

rent residential spaces, private sector homes, and collective facilities. This structure provides

spaces for creative offices and retail, cultural institutions such as the 800 sqm design

museum. The project highlights the site constraints and concerns about noise pollution that

were resolved through the creation of composition of stacked volumes with setbacks. Thus,

the project creates comfortable public spaces in between the buildings as pocket park and

plazas. Moreover, the project focuses on supplying urban dwellers with spaces for

entrepreneurship and a lively working environment. It is designed to provide flexible offices

and co-working spaces, creative workplaces, and workshops.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 24

Figure 2.3 Amstel

Design District Park and Plaza

(Source:https://www.archdaily.com/999420/mecanoo-unveils-the-design-of-the-future-oriented-

amstel-design-district-in-amsterdam/6437cd12961579017c99a160-mecanoo-unveils-the-design-of-

the-future-oriented-amstel-design-district-in-amsterdam-photo)

The developers execute the project by understanding the city as a living room were all

aspects of life was taken into consideration, embracing work-life effectiveness with shared

spaces for physical fitness, family times, and hobbies.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 25

 Figure 2.4 Low-Carbon Mixed Use Development, La Défense, Paris

(Source:https://www.archdaily.com/rshp-wins-competition-to-transform-jean-moulin-site-into-low-

carbon-mixed-use-development-in-la-defense-paris-image)

A design competition held in La Défense, Paris, chose RSHP’s design for its low-

carbon mixed-use development, aiming to revolutionize five urban sites at the district’s

border. The project envisions revitalization of urban business zones by introducing mix-use

development and new public space that seeks to be a social and cultural landmark. Spaces

include recreational, sporting, entertainment venues, food court, gym, yoga areas, restaurants

and café. On the other hand, the developer aims to reduce carbon emissions by 50%,

considering both operational and embodied carbon. This would be possible through

understanding and application of natural aspects such as orientation, natural lighting and

ventilation, and access to vistas. Moreover, the design method incorporates innovative

strategies for energy distribution and repurposing of technical components. Leveraging the

modularity and prefabrication of wooden structures in the building's design, the project

strives to minimize its initial carbon footprint, reduce construction waste, and mitigate

disruption to the surrounding community.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 26

 2.1.2 Local Related Literature

Figure 2.5Avida Towers One Union Place

Source: https://www.avidaland.com/properties/avida-towers-one-union-place/

Avida Towers One Union Place by Ayala Land is a modern contemporary three-tower

residential condominium with 9,872 sqm of its total land area. It is located in the southeast residential

area of Arca South in Taguig City. This mixed-use development consists of 15 Residential Levels, 1

Commercial Level and 2 Basement Parking Level that is shared by the tenants of three tower

condominium units. It offers comfort and serene with its green spaces and amenities for its users.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 27

 Figure 2.6 W City Center

Source: https://kmcmaggroup.com/building/w-city-center/

W City Center by Architect CAZA, is a mixed-use building consisting of office and retail

spaces. It is located in Bonifacio Global City in Taguig. The establishment has 25 floors with a typical

floor plate of 3,000 sqm. And one of its iconic design it its façade populated by a series of balconies

and bulging metallic mullions that help the typically closed offices on the interior look out to find a

particular place and time.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 28

 Figure 2. 7 Rockwell Center

Source: https://e-rockwell.com/the-dream-fulfilled-and-flourishing-rockwell-center-makati/

Rockwell Center in Makati stands as a well-established mixed-use project created by

Rockwell Land Corporation. This development includes upscale residential towers, office buildings,

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 29

and a lifestyle mall, offering a comprehensive live-work-play setting. The overall plan strategically

interconnects various spaces such as residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, leisure, office,

and religious areas to reduce the reliance on transportation. A secure and user-friendly system for both

pedestrians and vehicles enhance connectivity and walkability. Today, Rockwell Center serves as a

prominent example of mixed-use development, emphasizing walkability, thoughtfully designed

amenities, and open spaces. As a pioneering urban regeneration initiative in the Philippines, it is

situated within a city that epitomizes the highest standards and most progressive visions of urban

living.

2.2 Related Studies

Mixed-use is a win-win for developers, investors, locators.

Source:https://business.inquirer.net/426364/mixed-use-is-a-win-win-for-developers-investors-

locators

This Article from Inquirer.net discusses the advantages of mixed-use developments for the

developers, investors, locators and its users.

It is said that Mixed-use developments have been considered a necessity in the Philippines

over the past two decades and in recent years developers in the Philippines are getting involved in this

kind of developments due to assurance of increasing real estate values. Through this kind of project, it

eliminates the daily commutes, especially the working population, it also increases the productivity,

comfort, convenience and security of the locators.

Metro Manila is constantly having problems with traffic but according to the article, Mixed-

use developments can address traffic congestion, disparate transportation linkages, and concentration

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 30

of economic activities. Therefore, it is the most viable option for the real estate developers in the

region.

In addition, it addresses issues like long commutes and provides a viable alternative and also

brings companies closer to labor supply, utilizes lower-valued real estate, and decongest Metro

Manila.

Mixed-use developments create faster urbanization outside the capital with positive effects on

wages, real estate values, and local government revenues and give benefits for international locators

and reduced fear of business-constricting lockdowns.

The current statistics show that within Metro Manila, 32 mixed-use developments (40% of the

country's total). Outside Metro Manila, 49 mixed-use developments (60% of total), with 24 located

just outside the capital. Anticipation of continued growth in significance, preference, and number of

mixed-use developments.

Benefits of a mixed-use development

Source: https://www.dotproperty.com.ph/blog/benefits-of-a-mixed-use-development#:~:text=Mixed

%2Duse%20developments%20help%20with,establishments%20in%20just%20one

%20area.&text=Mixed%2Duse%20developments%20also%20lessen,are%20able%20to%20drive

%20less.

This Article written by Patricia Bation discusses the benefits of mixed-use developments.

Mixed-use development is defined as a combination of residential, commercial, industrial,

and cultural establishments in one urban space. It is found in highly urbanized areas like the city of

Makati and Taguig.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 31

 These kinds of establishments have multiple positive outcomes. First is time efficiency

because it reduces time wasted in daily commutes by facilitating the work/life balance by providing

all necessary establishments in one area. Furthermore, Mixed- use developments appeals to younger

generations, particularly millennials.

Another benefit of Mixed-use developments is its Environmental sustainability. It lessens

residents' dependency on cars, reducing congestion and pollution and also supports a more sustainable

and eco-friendly lifestyle. Moreover, It maximizes land use, offering opportunities for nearby

provinces like Bulacan, Pampanga, Batangas, and Cavite to develop their business districts. It also

Aims to decrease population pressure in Metro Manila while fostering job opportunities in rural areas.

Lastly, It Nurtures a sense of unity among residents and Promotes a sense of community and

modern bayanihan (Filipino term for coming together). Examples in Bonifacio Global City and new

business districts in Bulacan emphasize values like art, family, and unity.

A design research of a Mixed-use development in Malabon City

Source:https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/technological-university-of-the-philippines/bachelor-

of-science-in-architecture/ardes-8-mixed-use-development/29346617

Mixed-use development, often referred to as MXD, is a popular strategy in urban planning

that integrates different land uses like commercial, residential, and entertainment within a single area,

either in a vertical structure or spread horizontally. The primary goals of this approach are to

rejuvenate urban areas, decrease the need for transportation, boost property values, and create more

local job opportunities. Vertical MXD typically involves a single multi-story building with diverse

functions, while horizontal MXD features multiple buildings on the same plot, each designed for

specific purposes. Noteworthy instances in Luzon include Ayala Land's Nuvali, Megaworld Corp.'s

McKinley Hill, and SM Prime's Mall of Asia Complex.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 32

 The application of MXD aligns with the township model, characterized by comprehensive,

integrated, and mixed-use developments. This model responds to the demand for communities that are

easy to walk through, dynamic, and well-connected to public transportation, job centers, and public

services. The absence of mixed-income housing in Metro Manila's central business districts results in

an imbalance in population during the day and night, leading to traffic congestion. To tackle these

issues, integrating MXD becomes crucial, as exemplified by cities like Hong Kong, which excels in

efficient public transit systems and concentrated urban cores. MXD not only optimizes space but also

stimulates economic growth by influencing valuable land uses, fostering economic activities, and

alleviating congestion in major cities.

This study focuses on addressing several challenges in urban areas, including over-congested

cities facing land space shortages, traffic congestion requiring additional transportation, inadequate

green spaces due to weak planning and land use utilization, outdated land use plans leading to

inappropriate planning and design approaches, insufficient mixed-use developments hindering vertical

urbanism, and a lack of income-generating districts. The aim is to explore solutions to these issues,

drawing insights from the principles of mixed-use development and its potential to optimize space,

stimulate economic growth, and enhance overall urban planning strategies.

2.3 Synthesis

The related studies helped the researchers to understand the concept and advantages of

Mixed-Use Developments. Both the foreign and local related studies gave ideas on the necessary

considerations when planning and building these kinds of developments.

According to the studies, the structure in the present evolves in different ways such as:

Height, uses and its environment. Mixed-use Developments or MXD gained popularity over the past

decade due to its different advantages including promotion of economic growth, improvement of the

quality of life and it helps environmental sustainability.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 33

 In addition, Developing Mixed-use Structures requires considerations in planning processes,

consideration to local contexts and integration of sustainable practices. These factors are essential for

the success of MXD projects in diverse urban landscapes.

In the Philippines, MXD also gains popularity due its vast benefits and viability in urban

setting. An example of these projects are business districts in Makati City and Bonifacio Global City

in Taguig. The articles also highlighted how Mixed-use projects can help address the current problems

that the Urban planners in the Philippines are facing right now especially in the National Capital

Region or Metro Manila.

The articles collectively underscore the growing necessity of mixed-use developments in the

Philippines, driven by factors such as increasing real estate values, traffic congestion in Metro Manila,

and the desire for improved productivity and convenience among urban dwellers.

Secondly, the advantages of MXD are multifaceted. They not only address issues like long

commutes, traffic congestion, and environmental sustainability but also foster a sense of community

and unity among residents. Additionally, MXD promotes economic growth by creating job

opportunities, increasing property values, and supporting local businesses.

Thirdly, the articles highlight specific examples of MXD projects in the Philippines, such as

those in Makati, Taguig, Bonifacio Global City, and new business districts in Bulacan. These projects

serve as successful models of integrating residential, commercial, and cultural establishments to

create vibrant and sustainable urban spaces.

Overall, the synthesis emphasizes the importance of MXD in urban planning strategies for

addressing various challenges faced by Philippine cities, including congestion, land space shortages,

and inadequate planning. By incorporating MXD principles into urban development, cities can

optimize space, stimulate economic growth, and enhance overall livability for their residents.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 34

 Firstly, the study conducted by Nick Holdzkom (2021) in Montgomery County underscores a

notable shift towards infill development and vertical mixed-use projects over the past decade. This

trend is driven by factors such as the desire for sustainability, walkability, authenticity, and

inclusivity. The findings reveal that MXD contributes significantly to the county's commercial and

multi-family development, comprising nearly 50% of new projects delivered. However, challenges

such as the success of ground floor retail and the need for flexibility in ground floor usage require

careful consideration.

Secondly, Rami Tawasha (2023) emphasizes the growing preference for MXD over

traditional mono-use structures due to its ability to improve quality of life, promote economic growth,

and reduce carbon footprint. The article highlights the importance of sustainability and resilience in

ensuring the future viability of MXD projects, with a focus on integrating sustainable practices and

leveraging emerging technologies. Design considerations such as adherence to local ordinances,

integration of diverse functions, and balancing privacy and community are also crucial for successful

MXD projects.

Lastly, Joe Killinger (2023) discusses the challenges of urbanization and the role of MXD in

addressing these challenges. MXD creates dynamic environments that facilitate work-life balance and

reduce long commutes. However, achieving harmony in multifunctional spaces requires careful

evaluation of various factors such as zoning regulations, traffic patterns, aesthetics, and community

needs. MXD projects have gained favor with investors due to their ability to mitigate risks associated

with single asset classes and offer collaborative services to residents.

In synthesis, the articles collectively advocate for the adoption of MXD as a solution to

urbanization challenges, emphasizing its ability to promote sustainability, enhance quality of life,

foster economic growth, and create vibrant communities. However, careful planning, consideration of

local contexts, and integration of sustainable practices are essential for the success of MXD projects

in diverse urban landscapes.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 35

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design (Data Gathering and Research design procedure)

This chapter explains the data gathering, methods of research, site selection, site

analysis and other data related to the development of the proposed project. It will give

benefits to better understanding on how the researchers arrived with the information and met

the requirements for the proposed project entitled. “A Proposed Mixed-use Office and

Condominium Development in Sta. Rosa, Laguna”

Research Paradigm

This is the step-by-step approach used by the researchers for the project proposal.

Research Generation

The researchers were able to gather information through different places and

agencies concerning the profile and space requirements of the project.

The researchers also gathered information from:

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 36

 Library

The Foster Wheeler Library in Alangilan, affiliated with Batangas State

University, served as a pivotal resource for researchers engaged in studies connected

to the project proposal. The published theses functioned as valuable sources, aiding in

the formulation of frameworks and directing the course of the research.

Government Agency

The researchers effectively gathered technical information related to the

proposed project from the City Planning and Development Office of Sta. Rosa,

Laguna. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the municipality serves as the

principal basis for formulating solutions to the identified problems.

International Network (Internet)

Through the internet, the researchers were able to gather information, facts

and other important supporting details for the proposed project.

Method Research Sources Data and Information

Library Research Batangas State Related information from top Architectural

University Foster Thesis

Wheeler Library

Government City Planning and Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Agency Development Office

Other Sources and Internet, Blogs, Books, Related infrastructures, studies, information

Related and news for both the Proposed Project and the

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 37

 Information Newspaper Articles location of the site.

Table 3.1 Internal Network/ Data and Information Sources

3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation

This data analysis of research design is credible enough to have accurate tools that

result in valid outcomes, to fulfill the goal of this study, and to respond to research questions

because it is one of the efficient techniques and is a frequently used tool in confirming

research findings and proof for its procedure. The study will assist in providing sample

implications for additional civic complex-related research. An organized data collection

process is necessary to identify the concepts included in the research, the research

methodology, and the tool for data interpretation.

The study analysis design includes direct responder observation as it is probable that

the study would be economical and time efficient as the selected technique gathers

information about the current site condition. By applying this approach, it is to explain the

nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the study and explores the reasons and causes

for the emergent issues involved and explored by the researcher within a specified structure

and conclusion.

To further understand the data gathered and methods of research, the researcher lists

down the considerations for the analysis of the proposal.

1. Proper site location. The researchers need to consider all the pros and cons of the

site to be selected.

2. Space requirement allocation. The researchers need to understand the relationships

between spaces to address promotion of commercial spaces, holistic lifestyle, traffic

congestion, and circulation.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 38

 3. The objective of the proposal. The researcher should ensure that the problem will

be addressed through design and structure.

Data gathered process of analysis above. The researchers were able to know the

considerations that will be used in the planning and designing of the proposed mixed-use

condominium-office development.

3.2.1 Site Selection

3.2.1.1 Site Criteria

The terms below are the general and specific site characteristics that will serve

as the basis of the researchers for selecting the most suitable location for the proposed

project.

1. Lot Area - It refers to the capacity of the site to cater the project's size.

2. Proximity - It describes the distance of the proposed project to its users.

3. Accessibility - It is defined as comfortably entering the site physically and

through transportation.

4. Flexibility - The site has sufficient space and can accommodate changes for

future expansion.

5. Compatibility - It refers to the harmony of the adjacent sites to the character

of the proposed project

SITE A - Balibago Complex

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 39

 Figue 3.1 Site A- Located at Balibago Complex

Source: Google Earth– http://surl.li/seeqi

SITE B - East Bloc Nuvali

Figure 3.2 Site B- Located at East Bloc Nuvali

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 40

 Source: Google Earth- http://surl.li/seesw

SITE C - GreenField City

Figure 3.3 Site C-Located at Greenfield City

Source: Google Earth-http://surl.li/seett

5 - Excellent 4 - Very Good 3 - Good 2 - Poor 1 - Very Poor

Table 3.2 System of Evaluation and Rating

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 41

3.2.1.2 Site Justification

The system of evaluation and rating is a process that is used by the researchers in

order to determine which site is the most fitted for the proposed development. Through this

process, the researchers compare the three (3) proposed sites based on the site criteria that is

given.

Site A, which is located at Balibago Complex, has a total lot area of 0.70 hectares. It

is situated along Villa Caceres Avenue and San Lorenzo Road. Some of the landmarks that is

sited near the lot is the Unihealth- Sta. Rosa Hospital and Medical Center, alongside with

WalterMart Balibago and Enchanted Kingdom. On the other hand, the site is surrounded by

residential houses and has a limited lot size for future expansion.

Site B is located at East Bloc- Nuvali, with a total lot area of 0.70 hectares. The

proposed site has access to other Ayala Corporation’s development such as the Vista Mall,

Lakeside, S&R and Robinsons Supermarket. Moreover, other developments outside the

Ayala property includes the Healthway QualiMed Hospital, and some industrial companies

and other malls. The site retains its privacy and has access to its adjacent lots for future

expansions.

Site C is located at GreenField City along Grasslands Drv. Situated near to Vista

Mall, Sta. Rosa, Santarosa Estates, Arcadia, and some telecommunication and industrial

companies. Despite having access to national roads and public transportation, the site is

located inside a developer company, with little access for future expansion, and has a huge

competition with their own mid-rise residential building.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 42

 Upon the evaluation the result showed that Site B achieved the highest rating among

the three (3) proposed lots. First, the land area provides an ample size for the property and

may still expand through additional land around the proposed lot for future expansions of the

development. Its proximity to business complexes, office companies, and commercial areas is

excellent since one of the primary users of the proposed project are working class in Santa

Rosa City. In addition, despite having a minor concern with public transport inside the area,

the property is still accessible to the public through private vehicles and light public vehicles.

Lastly, the area is ideal for the proposed project as it possesses some of the selection

requirements and its ability to hold and sustain similar projects.

3.2.2 Site Data

3.2.2.1 Macro Site

Figure 3.4 Map of CALABARZON Region

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 43

 Source: https://calabarzon.denr.gov.ph/index.php/about-us/regional-profile

Situated in the southeast of Metro Manila, bordered by the Manila Bay to the west,

Lamon Bay and the Bicol Region to the east, the Tayabas Bay and Sibuyan Sea to the south,

and Central Luzon to the north is CALABARZON. It is formally known as the Southern

Tagalog Mainland and it is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region

IV-A. CALABARZON stands for the five provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and

Lucena. According to the Philippines Statistics Authority, the region is the most populated in

the Philippines having over 14.4 million inhabitants in 2020 and it is also the second most

densely populated. Despite having the most population, the region also has very high literacy

rates at 96.5%. The region has a variety of landforms. Calabarzon consists partially of

coasted areas and mostly upland and interior areas of slightly moderate rolling or undulating

plains and hills and several famous mountains. The region is sloped mostly at around 0-18

percent varying from different provinces.

Figure 3.5 Map of the Province of Laguna

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 44

 The province of Laguna is situated within the CALABARZON region of the

Philippines, occupies the central section of Luzon Island, and is considered as the seventh

richest province in the province. Santa Cruz serves as its capital, while the City of Calamba

stands as its largest city. Positioned southeast of Metro Manila, south of Rizal province, west

of Quezon, north of Batangas, and east of Cavite, Laguna is strategically located in Luzon. It

embraces the southern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines.

According to the 2020 census, the province's total population is 3.3 million.

Laguna witnessed rapid economic growth from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s, a

phenomenon unmatched by any other province except Cavite. Today, Laguna boasts a

thriving, highly developed mixed economy. Tourism and agriculture also play a essential role

in Laguna’s economic development, with claims a total of 239 accredited tourist attractions,

ranking as the second largest in the region after Batangas. While tourism in Laguna is

significant, it differs from other provinces in CALABARZON, as the majority of visitors to

its tourist spots are foreigners.

Figure 3.6 City of Santa Rosa MAP

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 45

 Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

Source:

Sta. Rosa City is a 1st class city component city of the province of Laguna. The city

covers an area of 54.84 square kilometers (21.17 square miles), making up 2.84% of Laguna's

overall landmass. As per the 2020 Census, it is home to 414,812 residents, constituting

12.26% of Laguna province's population and 2.56% of CALABARZON's total populace.

Based on these figures, the population density is estimated at 7,564 individuals per square

kilometer or 19,594 per square mile. On the other hand, Santa Rosa first gained prominence

for hosting the Coca-Cola and Toyota manufacturing plants in its industrial zones. Over time,

it rose to fame as the home of the Enchanted Kingdom theme park and various residential and

commercial developments. Moreover, Sta. Rosa comprises of 18 barangays that consist of

puroks and sitios.

Geographic Location

Santa Rosa City, Laguna lies within coordinates 121º6' latitude and 14.19' longitude,

approximately 40 kilometers south of Manila. It is bounded by Biñan to the northwest,

Cabuyao to the southwest, and Cavite province to the west, with Laguna de Bay bordering

the northeast. The city is strategically connected to Metro Manila and other southern

provinces via the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), the Manila South Road, and the

Philippine National Railroad South line. Access to Santa Rosa City from the SLEX

interchange is facilitated through a national road leading to the nearby municipality of Silang,

Cavite.

Topography

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 46

 Santa Rosa City encompasses a land area of 5,543 hectares, predominantly

characterized by flat terrain, with 97.89 percent of the total land area having slopes ranging

from 0.0 to 2.5 percent, indicating level to nearly level lands. Only around 114 hectares,

accounting for 2.06 percent of the city's total land area, are susceptible to erosion.

Slope

Santa Rosa City's terrain is primarily flat, making it susceptible to none to slight

erosion. The city features three distinct types of terrain: level to nearly level, undulating to

rolling, and rolling to moderately steep. The level to nearly level areas, comprising slopes

ranging from 0.0 to 2.5 percent, are considered ideal for development and encompass

barangays Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Market Area, Kaingin, Ibaba, Malusak, Tagapo,

Kanluran, Labas, Pooc, Macabling, Balibago, Dila, and Dita. Meanwhile, areas with

undulating to rolling terrain, characterized by slopes of 5.0 to 18.0 percent, are found in

barangays Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose, Malitlit, and Sto. Domingo. Only the southwestern

part of the city features rolling to moderately steep terrain.

Soil Type

Santa Rosa City presents four primary series of soil types, ranked in descending order

of quantity: Lipa series, Guadalupe series, Carmona series, and Quingus series. The Lipa

soils are characterized by deep penetration and moderately well to well drainage capabilities,

ideally suited for sugar cane, fruit trees, upland rice, and vegetables. Specifically, Lipa loam,

found in certain barangays such as Malitlit, Don Jose, and Sto. Domingo, boasts superior

physical characteristics compared to other soil types in Laguna Province. Guadalupe series

soils, covering approximately 1,296 hectares or 23.38 percent of the city's total land area, are

predominantly used for sugarcane cultivation. Carmona series soils, derived from volcanic

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 47

tuff material, are shallow to moderately deep with poor drainage properties, suitable for rice,

sugar cane, corn, sweet potatoes, bananas, and vegetables. Finally, the Quingus series

comprises deep, well-drained soils conducive to various crops, especially vegetables,

covering 2.34 hectares along the lakeshore and in select barangays like Sinalhan and Aplaya.

Surface Water

Figure 3.7 Sta. Rosa Surface Water Map

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 48

 Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

a. Santa Rosa River

Santa Rosa City is primarily drained by three main rivers including the Santa

Rosa River, Diezmo River, and Cabuyao River, all originating from the mountainous

area of Silang, Cavite, and flowing towards Laguna de Bay. The Santa Rosa River,

fed by watersheds from neighboring Cavite, serves as a natural boundary with the

City of Biñan before emptying into Laguna de Bay. Classified as class C by the

DENR, the Santa Rosa River is suitable for aquaculture, fisheries, recreation, and

industrial extraction. The Diezmo River and Cabuyao River serve as natural

boundaries between Santa Rosa and Cabuyao. Easements of 3-4 meters from both

sides along the entire length of these rivers are considered environmentally critical

and are subject to easement for public use, including recreation and fishing activities.

b. Laguna Lake

Santa Rosa City is situated in the western part of Laguna de Bay, also known

as Laguna Lake, which is the largest lake in the Philippines. With a surface area of

90,000 hectares, an average depth of 2.8 meters, and a total volume of 3.2 billion

cubic meters, the lake is fed by 21 tributaries, including rivers from Santa Rosa City.

Residents in the lakeside areas depend on fishing for both sustenance and income.

While the lake water is suitable for aquaculture, fisheries, recreation, and industrial

purposes, pollution from human activities in the watershed poses a significant

challenge. Wastewater discharged into tributaries or directly into the lake contributes

to pollution, particularly excessive ammonia levels, leading to fish killings and

compromising the lake's natural beauty and productivity.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 49

 Climate

Figure 3.8 Sta. Rosa Water Basin and Climate chart

Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 50

 Santa Rosa City experiences a climate characterized by two distinct seasons: dry from

November to April and wet for the remainder of the year. With a mean annual temperature of

27.6ºC, the area remains relatively cool due to its elevation and favorable airshed conditions.

May marks the warmest month, averaging 30.0ºC, while January is the coolest at 25.0ºC. The

average relative humidity stands at 80 percent, rendering the city cooler than Metropolitan

Manila. Winds predominantly blow from the northeast during October to February, shifting

to the southeast in March and April, and southerly in May, while southwesterly winds prevail

from June through September, with an average speed of 5 kilometers per hour. Annual

rainfall averages around 1,950 millimeters, peaking in October and reaching a minimum of 2

millimeters. Despite being located in a typhoon-prone region, Santa Rosa City is relatively

shielded due to its protection from surrounding mountain areas. However, the city is yet to

establish an Air Quality Management Framework, with plans in place to develop an action

plan aimed at addressing air pollution and safeguarding public health.

Geological Hazards

In Santa Rosa City, floodplains cover 302 hectares, including portions of various

barangays such as Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Tagapo, Ibaba, Labas, Pooc, Dila, and Dita.

Seasonal runoff flooding ranges from slight to moderate, with shallow accumulation

subsiding within hours to days in low-lying areas like Kanluran, Malusak, and Ibaba, while

deeper and more frequent flooding persists for weeks to months along the lakeshore and

catchment areas. Flash floods pose a risk to multiple barangays, particularly those along the

lakeshore like Sinalhan, Aplaya, and Caingin. The West Valley Fault traversing Brgy. Sto.

Domingo presents an earthquake hazard, while liquefaction susceptibility varies across

barangays, with Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak, and Caingin

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 51

being highly susceptible, Tagapo and Labas moderately so, and areas like Macabling,

Balibago, Dila, and Dita having low susceptibility.

Figure 3.9 City of Santa Rosa Flash Flood areas and Submerge brgy MAP

Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 52

 Figure 3.10 City of Santa Rosa Rain Induce Landslide MAP

Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

Figure 3.11 City of Santa Rosa Liquefaction MAP

Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 53

 Figure 3.12

Province of Laguna West Valley Fault Line MAP

Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

Road Networks

Figure 3.13 City of Santa Rosa Road Network MAP

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 54

 Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

Figure 3.14 City of Santa Rosa City Bridges MAP

Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

The transportation sector's issues and concerns were identified through a Sectoral

Analysis Workshop Output as part of the comprehensive land use plan (CLUP) update for

2012-2022. Although interventions were proposed, the analysis primarily highlights the non-

implementation of solutions, failing to address the root cause of increased traffic volumes

stemming from land use changes. This underscores the need for increased capacity in the

transportation system, particularly emphasizing public transport and alternative modes like

cycling and walking, supported by expanded road networks. The CLUP from 2000 to 2015

prioritized the development of additional road links to support municipal vision, a strategy

that must evolve to incorporate wider roads and improved traffic management schemes,

especially considering planned industrialization.

Electric Power

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 55

 While MERALCO currently meets the area's power distribution needs adequately, it

is imperative to explore alternative electricity sources to minimize reliance on fuel generators

during power outages.

Telecommunications

Santa Rosa City boasts telecom readiness, offering fixed landline,

cellular, and broadband services through fiber optic and wireless networks.

However, two main concerns arose in the 2012 Sectoral Analysis Workshop: 1)

inconsistent internet access in government centers hindering business

efficiency, and 2) sporadic mobile phone signals and reliance on non-fiber optic

telephone lines, causing unease among ICT-dependent investors despite existing

infrastructure.

The Land Use Plan

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 56

 Figure 3.15 STA ROSA CITY LAND USE MAP FOR 2018-2026

Source: Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

The proposed land use plan for Santa Rosa City emphasizes its urban characteristics,

acknowledging its rapid urbanization near Metro Manila and its inclusion in the Mega-Manila

urban agglomeration. As a result, the remaining agricultural areas are destined for conversion

into urban land uses due to the economic impracticality of maintaining them amidst high-

value urban developments. The plan is formulated through preliminary analyses involving

land suitability mapping, structure planning, consideration of physical strategies, assessment

of existing land uses, and examination of socio-economic and political factors influencing the

city's development. Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, map overlay

analysis integrates various thematic maps to derive the urban land use plan, which considers

lithospheric, hydrospheric, atmospheric, biospheric, socioeconomic, political, and cultural

aspects outlined in the Ecological Profile of the region.

Table 3.2 Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2018-2026

Source: https://rb.gy/gulnc1

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 57

Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ- The Shoreland Overlay Area serves as a linear open

space aimed at separating incompatible elements or uses and controlling pollution/nuisances,

with administrative control vested in the Laguna Lake Development Authority. Designated as

a Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ) under RA 8435, it is

intended for various purposes including residential, commercial, industrial, institutional,

heritage, parks, recreation, agricultural, fishery, aquaculture, and tourism activities, with a

focus on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures.

Prohibited activities include piggery farms, dumpsites, factories, quarrying, and other

pollutive activities, covering a total area of 1,364.62 hectares. The SAFDZ encompasses parts

or totalities of the following barangays: Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Pooc Dila, Labas,

Malusak, Ibaba, Kanluran, Market Area, and Tagapo.

Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area- Considering the high population density and

intensified land use activities, the area will undergo low-intensity development with a focus

on vegetated and landscaped open spaces, adhering to structural and soil mitigation measures

along with recommendations from the IGES study, Land Developer’s Guidebook, and Green

Building designs and standards. Future developments will integrate Climate Change

Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction Mitigation (DRRM) laws such as PD 1096

(National Building Code), RA 9729 (Philippine Climate Change Act), and RA 100121

(Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act). Moreover, the designated land use includes

low and medium density residential, minor, and major commercial, light and medium

industrial, general institutional and heritage, parks and recreation, agricultural, water, and

tourism activities, covering an area of 2,034 hectares. Notably, the Priority Liquefaction-

Vulnerable Overlay Area includes parts or whole barangays such as Sinalhan, Aplaya,

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 58

Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak, Labas, Macabling, Pooc, Caingin,

Balibago, Dita, and Dila.

Landslide-vulnerable Area- The Lumbia River and Diezmo River in Brgy. Sto. Domingo,

western Santa Rosa City, are prone to landslides during heavy rainfall, with the Diezmo River

being more susceptible. Compliance with PD 1096 (Water Code) necessitates a 40-meter

open space easement on both riverbanks to mitigate disaster risks effectively. Additionally,

their proximity to the West Valley Fault Line, as indicated by the 2003 JICA study,

exacerbates landslide vulnerability, considering its cyclical activity. This land use category

encompasses an area of around 45 hectares.

General Residential Mixed-Use Area- The area primarily encompasses Santa Rosa City's

traditional residential and partly commercial and institutional districts. Over time, the city has

transitioned into a mixed-use zone with bustling urban activities. This land allocation,

coupled with parts designated for commercial and industrial use, covers nearly all existing

agricultural lands, predominantly situated north of the South Luzon Expressway as depicted

in the city's current land use map. Given the city's rapid urbanization, it's anticipated that

these farmlands will undergo conversion to residential, commercial, institutional, and tourism

purposes in the foreseeable future.

Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area- This combined area, situated in the traditional

Central Poblacion locality, comprises the Heritage Square within the Cultural-Historical

District and the Offices-Government District. The Heritage Square, spanning Brgys.

Kanluran and Malusak, features significant landmarks such as the Santa Rosa Plaza, Santa

Rosa de Lima Parish Church, City Museum, First Old Church in Poblacion, Zavalla Old

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 59

House, two other historic residences, and the City of Santa Rosa Arch. It covers Rizal Blvd.

from the foot of Santa Rosa Bridge to the corner of G.B. Zavalla St., as well as F. Gomez St.

from the corner of Añonuevo St. to the corner of P. Gomez St. Meanwhile, the Offices-

Government District hosts key facilities including the New City Hall, Gusaling Batasan, City

Museum and Tourism Department, Old City Hall, CDRRMC Office, City Health Office I,

Agriculture Department, PNP, City Jail and Fire Department, Community Hospital, and

Manpower Center.

Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area - The commercial zone is designated for

diverse functions including large shopping malls, minor and major commercial activities, low

and medium density residential spaces, light and medium industrial operations, general

institutional and heritage facilities, socialized housing initiatives, as well as parks and

recreational areas. Barangays encompassed within the Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-

Use Area, either entirely or partially, comprise Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Malusak,

Labas, Macabling, Pook Balibago, Dila, and Dita.

Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area - The industrial zone is designated for

various purposes including light and medium industrial operations, commercial centers, large

shopping malls, low and medium density residential areas, townhouses, residential

condominiums, master planned communities, general institutional facilities, parks and

recreational spaces, water-related activities, and tourism initiatives. This land use category

spans across 1,668.84 hectares. The Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area can be

found, either entirely or partially, in Barangays Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose, Malitlit, and

Sto. Domingo.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 60

Tourism and Low-Density Residential Mixed-Use Area- The tourism-residential zone is

designated for controlled or regulated use, encompassing tourism activities, low-density

residential areas, minor and major commercial ventures such as shopping malls, master

planned communities, general institutional and heritage sites, sports and recreational

facilities, eco-parks, and water-related activities. Covering an area of 1,061.33 hectares, this

land use category includes the Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area,

situated either entirely or partially in Barangays Sto. Domingo, Malitlit, and Don Jose.

Parks and Recreation Area- Apart from the Poblacion plaza and scattered green spaces

throughout the city, three significant parks and recreation areas are proposed to enhance

tourism and improve the quality of life for city residents, aligning with the city's major

development focus on tourism.

City Waters Area- The main water features in the city include the Santa Rosa River,

Cabuyao River, Malitlit River, Tiway-Tiway River, Diezmo River, Lumbia River, Malanding

River, Petang Creek, NIA canals in Barangays Tagapo and Balibago, and the ponds of Nuvali

(Lakeside Ecozone), The Country Club Development Corp., and Eton City. Covering 155.48

hectares, the City Waters Area land use category encompasses these water bodies. Notably,

the Lumbia River in the western boundary of Barangay Sto. Domingo and the eastern river

are susceptible to landslides during heavy rainfall, particularly the longer eastern river.

Compliance with PD 1096 or the Water Code necessitates a 20-meter open space easement

on both riverbanks to mitigate disaster risks effectively.

Proposed Road Rights-of-Way- The Road Rights-of-Way Area comprises proposed and

existing roads forming an interconnected network to boost internal mobility of people and

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 61

goods, fostering a dynamic local economy. Additional connecting roads within the city aim to

enhance accessibility across the study area. Properties affected by new road alignments must

provide unimpeded rights-of-way, subject to compensation negotiations with the city

government as mandated by law.

Special Use/Cemetery Area- The Special Use/Cemetery Area consists of five cemetery and

memorial park sites spread across the city: Catholic-Aglipay cemetery in Barangay Kanluran,

Centennial Garden in Barangay Macabling, Mt. Zion Memorial in Barangay Dita, Eternal

Gardens Memorial Park in Barangay Pulong Santa Ana, and New Cemetery Extension in

Barangay Dila. Services at the New Cemetery Extension include Coffin Crypt Depository,

Bone Depository, Santa Rosa Memorial Garden, City of Santa Rosa Public Cemetery, and

Ferlins. This category covers 29.98 hectares and must comply with regulations under PD 856

and LUWA, ensuring proper distance from residential zones, 50-meter buffer from water

sources for burial pits, and maintenance responsibility of the applicant.

Relocation/Resettlement Area- The city government has designated relocation/resettlement

sites for informal settlers, including one in Barangay Kanluran, three in Barangay Pooc, and

four in Barangay Pulong Santa Cruz. Additionally, the city has provided other sites such as

the Low-Cost Housing Project in Barangay Labas, Innovationville, South Ville, and Villa

Santa Rosa in Barangay Pooc. These efforts aim to improve the living conditions of low-

income families by moving them away from congested and flood-prone areas to locations

with better housing and livelihood opportunities, representing a social amelioration project of

the city.

3.2.2.2 Micro Site

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 62

 Figure 3.16 Micro Site Analysis

3.3 Site Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats)

3.3.1 Macro SWOT Analysis

A SWOT analysis serves as a strategic tool, aligning internal strengths and

weaknesses with external opportunities and threats to formulate viable strategies. It guides

activities such as defining stakeholders' vision, framing development frameworks, proposing

alternatives, and crafting sectoral and land use strategies for comprehensive plans. Internal

strengths and weaknesses are controllable by the municipality, while external opportunities

and threats can be leveraged or mitigated despite being beyond its direct influence.

Strengths

● Strategic Location

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 63

 ● Industrialized

● Highly Urbanized / Commercial

● Rich in Water Resources

● Non-IRA Dependent

● ICT/Computerized City Government Operations System

● Strong Political Will

● Presence of Tourist Spots (EK, Golf)

● Strong Collaboration Between Government, Private and Civil Society

organizations

● Strong TechVoc Schools

Weaknesses

● Flood-Prone Area

● Urban Problems (Traffic issues, environmental degradation, housing/

development of slums, peace, and order)

● Traffic Congestion

● Lack of Tertiary Schools

● Lack of Government-Owned Lands

● Outdated Baseline Data

Opportunities

● Next Wave City / Tholons Ranking

● Increasing Job Opportunities

● Green Technology in Establishing Master Planned Communities

● Highly Urbanized City

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 64

 ● Water Transport System

● Development of Cuartel De Sto. Domingo

Threats

● Aggressive Investment Promotional Campaigns of Neighboring LGU’s

● Development and Industrialization of Upland Cavite

● Deterioration of Laguna Lake

3.3.2 Micro SWOT Analysis

Strengths

● The proposed site has an ample size for the proposed project.

● The type of soil found in the site is ideal for constructions of big projects.

● Located inside the property of the Developer company—Ayala Corporation.

● The site is accessible through road networks inside the property.

● Utilities are present to the area.

● The site's suitability and low flood risk make it suitable for the project.

● The land acquired natural vegetation with shrubs and large trees.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 65

 Weaknesses

● The proposed site is located and facilitated by Ayala Corporation thus may

hinder some design to the proposed project.

● The lack of public transportation is a challenge for its access to the public.

Opportunities

● The area is located inside the Ayala property thus the proposed project has a

huge potential to attract businesses and residents.

● Strong security is present to the property/ area.

● Possibility to establish a landmark to the area.

● The proposed project would stimulate job creation and aim to contribute to the

overall development of the community.

● The project aims to provide safer facilities and common areas to its user and

create a human- centered design through holism.

● Despite having an existing condominium, office buildings, and commercial

spaces around and outside the area, the complexity of the project may attract

more users.

Threats

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 66

 ● Natural hazards such as typhoons and earthquakes can be a concern in the

area.

● Environmental risks shall also be prioritized to minimize its ecological

footprint and promote green and sustainable architecture.

● Possible effects of noise from the proposed project to the neighborhood in the

area.

3.2.4 User’s Analysis

3.2.4.1 User Demographics

Population

The population development of Santa Rosa as well as related information and

services as per National Statistics Office of the Philippines and National Statistical

Coordination Board:

● Total Population (Census, 2020): 414, 812

● PopulationDencity (2020): 7, 385/ sq km.

● Annual Population change (2015-2020): 3.4%

GENDER (2020 CENSUS)

MALE 205, 522

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 67

FEMALE 208, 117

 Table 3.3 Sta. Rosa City Gender Ratio (Census 2020)

AGE GROUPS (2020 CENSUS)

0- 14 YEARS 110, 269

15-64 YEARS 287, 986

65+ YEARS 15, 384

Table 3.3 Sta. Rosa City Age Groups (Census 2020)

In addition, those aged 14 and below, which include infants, children, and young

adolescents, form a collective proportion of 24.98% (3,525), representing the young

demographic dependent on caregivers. The demographic aged 15 to 64, essentially the

economically active population and potential workforce members, creates a significant

71.20% (10,047) of the total. Finally, the elderly dependent population, comprising seniors

aged 65 and over, amounts to 3.81% (538) of the overall population.

3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 68

 Figure 3.17 Organizational Structure of Headquarters Office

Figure 3.18 Organizational Structure of Condominium Management

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 69

3.4.2.3 Behavioral Pattern

Figure 3.19 Behavioral Pattern of Administration Personnels

Figure 3.19 Behavioral Pattern of Utility Personnel

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 70

 Figure 3.20 Behavioral Pattern of Commercial Space staff

Figure 3.21. Typical Behavioral Pattern of Common Household

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 71

CHAPTER IV: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

4.1 Spatial Organization

Spatial Organization is the influence of the spatial environment on humans in and throughout

organizations. It may involve strategic decisions that may also be properly viewed as a viewing glass

or perspective through which individuals come to an effective strategy execution.

4.1.1. Spatial Identification

The focus of spatial identification is to identify the needed spaces and determine its

users and roles to the proposed projects.

4.1.2.. Staffing Requirements

The Staffing Requirement refers to the study of the staff of the building and their scope of

tasks. The proponent divided each department by its functions.

A. Headquarters Office

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Primary responsibilities include making major corporate decisions, managing the overall

operations and resources of a company, acting as the main point of communication between the board

of directors (the board) and corporate operations and being the public face of the company.

Chief Operating Officer

He oversees the operations within the project.

He acts as the head of operations, working as another main division under the Vice President

of Operations.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 72

 He manages the operations of other functions like amusement, food services, commercial

mall, and training facilities.

Chief Financial Officer

A Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is a top executive who oversees a company's financial

activities. They manage cash flow, assess financial strengths and weaknesses, and supervise overall

financial performance.

Secretary

The person who supports the management, including executives, using a variety of project

management, communication & organizational skills. These functions may be entirely carried out to

assist one employee or may be for the benefit of more than one. In other situations, a secretary is an

officer of a society or organization who deals with correspondence, admits new members and

organizes official meetings and events.

Marketing Director

Managing all marketing for the company and activities within the marketing department.

Developing the marketing strategy for the company in line with company objectives.

Human Resource Director

Involved with recruitment, training, career development, compensation and benefits,

employee relations, industrial relations, employment law, compliance, disciplinary and grievance

issues, redundancies etc.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 73

Finance Director

A Director of Finance ensures the company's financial stability and growth by devising profit-

generating strategies, managing accounting operations, generating precise financial reports, and

enhancing efficiency through practice improvements.

Manager

Oversees part or all of a company's operations, including generating revenue and controlling

costs.

Manager Staffs

A staff manager is someone who leads a group of employees, giving them support and

direction. They work in many different fields and areas. Their main job is to keep their team

motivated and working well.

IT Director

IT directors oversee technology resources and personnel to ensure the seamless operation of

IT functions. Additionally, they strive to enhance IT procedures. Their duties encompass guaranteeing

the efficient functioning of all aspects of a company's IT infrastructure.

Operations Director

Operations Directors oversee making sure things are made efficiently without spending too

much money. They focus on cutting costs and making more money for the company. They work with

all parts of the company and keep an eye on the money.

Sales Director

They supervise what the sales department does, set achievable goals, supervise the managers

who report to them, and collaborate with the staff to keep them motivated.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 74

Sales Staff

Sales staff are people who sell a company's products or services to customers. Their job is to boost

sales, find new customers, keep existing ones happy, and help the business grow.

B. Condominium Management

Board of Directors

The board of directors (BofD) is the group that oversees a company, chosen by shareholders

(if the company is public), to decide on plans, supervise management, and safeguard the interests of

shareholders and stakeholders.

Property Manager

Manages tenant contracts through lease negotiations and security deposit collection. Achieves

financial goals by handling rent collection, bill payments, budgeting, expenditure scheduling, variance

analysis, and taking corrective measures.

Building Administrator

Supervises, coordinates & administers operations (including maintenance, repair, renovation,

housekeeping, special events, safety and security) in assigned building(s) and in surrounding grounds

with the objective of insuring optimum delivery.

Finance Manager

Manages day-to-day activities in treasury functions to meet the financial obligations of the

organization. Performs treasury activities related to cash flow, borrowings, debt, and capital

management. Allocates cash balances, maintains investment records, and prepares expense and

earnings forecasts.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 75

Maintenance Manager

Supervises maintenance activities for a business, including office, building, grounds, and

vehicle upkeep. Responsibilities include task scheduling, overseeing maintenance workers, and

addressing emergencies.

Administrative Assistant

Administrative Assistants handle clerical duties to aid staff communication and productivity.

Tasks include answering calls, greeting visitors, managing mail, and preparing documents.

Reception Staff

A Receptionist greets visitors, assists them in navigating the office, and provides

refreshments. They also manage appointment calendars, handle mail, perform copying tasks, and

organize travel plans.

Accounting Manager

Duties include managing and overseeing the daily operations of the accounting department;

monitoring and analyzing accounting data and produce financial reports or statements; establishing

and enforcing proper accounting methods, policies and principles.

Costumer Service Staff

Supports customers by providing helpful information, answering questions, and responding to

complaints. They are the front line of support for clients and customers and they help ensure that

customers are satisfied with products, services, and features.

Maintenance Technician

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 Responsible for the repair, refurbishment, modification and/or construction devices,

equipment, and facilities, and performs related duties as required in accordance with the company's

policies and procedures.

Resident Service Staff

Lead tours of the property and build rapport and follow up with potential tenants; conduct

walk-throughs and inspect the community grounds and models to ensure cleanliness; assist tenants in

completing lease paperwork, and process deposits and rent payments.

Retail operation manager

Tasked with maintaining the upkeep of retail stores. Job duties include ensuring the physical

space is tidy and organize, along with managing employees and meeting performance goals.

4.2. Definition of Spatial Elements

4.2.1 Major Space Requirements

A. Management Office

The management office is tasked with supervising various responsibilities,

including property management, tenant interactions, coordinating maintenance,

managing security, handling financial matters, and overseeing other operational facets

to guarantee the effective operation of the property.

B. Condominium

Condominium refers to an individually owned residential unit. Condo owners

have ownership over their specific units while also sharing access to common spaces,

amenities, and other resources within the complex or building.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 77

 C. Office Headquarters

Office Headquarters is a central location where a company's executive

management, key managerial personnel, and essential support staff are situated.

D. Commercial Space

Commercial spaces are areas within real estate, specifically tailored for

businesses engaged in direct sales of goods or services to consumers.

E. Green Space

Green Space describes areas within or around a building that integrate plants

or natural features, purposely arranged to introduce greenery, enhance air quality,

offer recreational opportunities, and promote the general wellness of individuals

within the vicinity.

F. Parking Space

A parking space is an allocated area intended for parking vehicles, which can

be either paved or unpaved. These spaces can be found in parking garages, parking

lots, or along city streets. They are often marked out by road surface markings.

Vehicles are positioned within these spaces through parallel parking, perpendicular

parking, or angled parking methods.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 78

4.2.2 Space Identification

Management Office

Administrative Area- Group of staff that maintain and function the day to day activities of

the building.

● Property Manager Office

● Lobby

● Accounting Office

● Mail Room

Building Management Area - Group of technicians that monitors and operates the different

utility rooms for the building.

● Security Room

● Generator Room

● Electrical Room

● Pump Room

● Mechanical Room

● Garbage Room

Service Area - An area to provide the needs and help of the employees in the building

● Storage Room

● Employee Area

● Employee Area—Staff

Condominium

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 79

Residential Units - The room or unit used by the tenants as a home.

● Balcony

● Bedroom

● Kitchen/ Dinning

● Toilet and Bath

Amenities - A feature of the building that enhances the experience of the tenants.

● Lobby

● Lounge

● Multipurpose Area/ Recreation Area

● Pool

● Communal Shower Room

● Public Balconies

● Green Roof

Office Headquarters

Administrative Offices - Space used by the Executive Officers to make administrative tasks

● CEO Office

● COO Office

● CFO Office

● Meeting Rooms

● Directors Room

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 80

Workstations - refer to individual areas within a workspace where employees perform their

tasks.

● Office Cubicles

● Workstations

Service Area - An area to provide the needs and help of the employees in the building

● Lobby

● Lounge

● Pantry/ Dining Area

● Toilet

Commercial Spaces

● Retail Space

● Communal Toilet

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4.3 GRAPHIC AND SPATIAL PROGRAMMING

4.3.1 General Spatial Elements

4.3.1.1 General Matrix and Bubble Diagram

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 4.4 Specific Spatial Elements

4.4.1 Specific Matrix and Bubble Diagram

Management Office

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Condominium

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Office Headquarters

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 85

Commercial Spaces

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4.5 Design Framework

4.5.1 Design Philosophy

“All fine architectural values are human values, else not valuable.”

-Frank Lloyd Wright

“Architecture is not just planning and building structures, it is connecting the

outdoors to indoors to create a bond were nature and humans can co-exist and produce a

sustainable lifestyle without wasting large number of natural resources.”

- Von Cepillo

4.5.2. Design Concept

4.5.2.1Major Design Concept

Figure 4.1 Sikhayan Festival of Sta. Rosa, Laguna

Source: http://surl.li/sylnv

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 87

 Sikhayan Festival derived from the words “sikap” and “kabuhayan”. A festival of

the City of Sta. Rosa, Laguna which is celebrated on the 18 th day of February that recognize

its people and their resilience, and every effort as the key to the development of Santa Rosa

from farming and fishing and becoming a commercial and industrial city that is today. This

deep recognition of the city to its people’s livelihood and entrepreneurial spirit is the concept

of the design of the project to make a natural scheme in the design of structures.

4.5.2.2. Minor Design Concept

Form

Biophilic + Tropical Architecture

Figure 4.2 The Hanging Garden of Babylon

Source: http://surl.li/synec

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 88

 Biophilic design is an architectural approach that aims to connect people or the

user more closely to nature. This design approach incorporates elements such as

natural lighting and ventilation, natural landscape features, and other elements for

creating a more productive and healthier built environment for its user. One of its

well-known examples is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the

Ancient World. This ancient architecture was a massive complex of gardens built in

elevated terraces during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II, a gift to her wife to

lessen her homesickness. The garden uses a wide variety of plants, shrubs, and trees

throughout the garden not only to create comfort and relaxation but also helps to

create shade from direct sunlight and redirect and weaken harsh winds. Moreover, the

garden was recognized as an engineering marvel due to its sophisticated irrigation.

Function

The proposed project intends to be mixed-use mid-rise building that will serve

a model of innovative and sustainable approach to architecture by application of

energy-efficient design and promotes a holistic approach between the space, users,

and community it serves.

Time

The proposed design is expected to withstand any changes in natural

phenomena which may occur in present and future times. Furthermore, it is also

expected to be timeless and prolonged with regards to its structural system.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 89

 Economy

Sustainable and cost-effective development is made possible using

vernacular materials and other sustainable designs. Furthermore, the use of

vernacular materials will highlight the culture of the community. Lastly, adding

smart systems for renewable energy such as solar panels, passive cooling, self-

sustaining landscape, reusing of rainwater and graywater, are a great way to achieve

a cost-effective building.

Sustainability

Putting consideration on choosing of materials and appropriate system in the

design is a vital point in making a well sustained building. For instance, the vertical

landscapes shall integrate with various number of tropical plants featuring dense

layered and large leaves such as Monsteras, Alocasias, and Calatheas, as well as ferns

and palms. The diverse combination of plants will be beneficial to address the varying

natural light and wind conditions, improve air quality in the area, as well as

encouraging biodiversity in the city and creating our own vistas. In line with this,

rainwater harvesting, auto-irrigation and fertigation systems were installed for all the

landscape area. Moreover, such a variety of plants must include pest repellant

properties to minimize pest attacks and lower the maintenance efforts. On the other

hand, green features are also introduced to the design such as solar panels, use of LED

lights, double glaze and low-E glass windows, and proper orientation.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 90

4.6. Building and Site Concept

This chapter presents the building and site concept. This includes the building

system, structural system, electrical, plumbing, sanitary, mechanical, fire protection,

waste management, and environmental and landscaping systems.

4.6.1 BUILDING CONCEPT

This part presents the building and site concept. This includes the building

system, structural system, electrical, plumbing, sanitary, mechanical, fire protection,

waste management, and environmental and landscaping systems.

4.6.1.1 Structural Materials

Steel and Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material that addresses the inherent

limitations of concrete, such as its relatively low tensile strength and ductility. These

shortcomings are mitigated by incorporating reinforcement with higher tensile strength or

ductility. Typically, this reinforcement takes the form of steel reinforcing bars (rebar), which

are embedded passively in the concrete before it sets. The design of reinforcement schemes

aims to counteract tensile stresses in specific areas of the concrete that could otherwise lead

to undesirable cracking or structural failure.

Modern reinforced concrete can employ a variety of reinforcing materials, including

steel, polymers, or alternative composite materials, either in combination with rebar or

independently. Additionally, reinforced concrete may undergo permanent stress, particularly

in tension, to enhance the overall behavior of the structure under working loads. In the United

States, common methods for achieving this are known as pre-tensioning and post-tensioning.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 91

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a prefab material that is made with fine

aggregates, cement, and an expansion agent that makes the material contain 80 percent air.

These lightweight blocks are joined with thin bed mortars.

Despite being lightweight, the AAC blocks offer excellent sound and thermal

insulation. Moreover, like other cement-based materials, it is durable and has a four hou-

rating fire resistance and does not emit toxic fumes when burned. In line with this, AAC

requires some type of applied finish, such as a polymer-modified stucco, natural or

manufactured stone, or sliding.

Double Low-E Glazing glass

These glass windows are designed to reduce heat loss but admit solar gain. Moreover,

it is best suited for projects or buildings located in hot climate regions and is the product

choice for passive solar design projects. Lastly, this double-glazed window also helps to cut

outdoor noises.

4.6.1.2. Electrical System

MERALCO (Manila Electric Company) is the Philippines' largest distributor of

electrical power. It holds the power distribution franchise for 22 cities and 89 municipalities,

including the whole of Bacoor City, Cavite.

LED

Light - emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when

current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,

releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 92

 energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the

band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple. semiconductors

or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.

Solar Panel/ Solar energy

Nowadays, solar energy is the most economical form of electricity, the process

for producing solar energy is to install a solar system wherever you want to. Solar

system comprises different components such as photovoltaic solar panel, whose

purpose is to absorb the sunlight and convert it into energy (Electricity) since solar

panels absorb energy you also need to have an inverter because its job is to bank in

energy in its battery for current and later use as well. This way we can produce solar

energy to use in our everyday lives.

4.6.1.3. Plumbing System

Good plumbing system shall be a standard to achieve a convenient and satisfying

water conveyor. Right treatment on the three major types of plumbing system shall be

regulated: Potable water system, sanitary drainage system, stormwater drainage system.

4.6.1.4. Portable Water System

The Maynilad Water Services, Incorporated (MWSI) supplies potable water in Bacoor

as it is already within the Western Concession Area. However, many barangays still

obtain water from private deep wells. Geographically, coastal areas have access to the

MWSI water while further inland uses private deep wells.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 93

 Storm Water Drainage System

The project will have a water reservoir collecting rainwater that can be used

mainly to water the vast plant species and landscapes. Also, it will act as a

preventive measure in case of a water shortage, still being able to maintain a

healthy landscape and for the different plant species. It can also be treated and

potable.

4.6.1.5. Sanitary System

Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human

contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage

or wastewater.

Sanitary Drainage System

Wastewater from lavatories, laundry, cooking, and the likes will also go to a

Sewage Treatment Plant and can be reused as toilet waters or for watering plants.

4.6.1.6. Mechanical System

Elevators

Installation of elevators and other mechanical means of transportation are done

for maximum satisfaction of people with varying needs.

Heating, Ventilation and Air- Conditioning

Centralized air conditioning systems providing efficient and fully

controlled heating, cooling, and ventilation are considered for the building.

Careful deliberation from HVAC equipment, design, and layout, up to the

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 94

 controls and operations are made in order to achieve an energy efficient and

sustainable HVAC system.

4.6.1.7. Environmental System

Passive Lighting

Natural light is utilized to reduce artificial light energy consumption. Studies

show that exposure to natural light has positive health benefits and helps people

be more productive.

Passive cooling

A building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat

dissipation in a building to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or no

energy consumption.

4.6.1.8 Fire Protection System

The Fire protection system generally shall conform with the National Building Code

and Fire Code of the Philippines. Automatic Fire Suppression System is an integrated

piping system connected to a source of extinguishing agent which suppressed fires when

actuated by its automatic detecting device.

Fire Escape

A fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the

outside of a building or occasionally inside but separate from the main areas of the

building. It provides a method of escape in the event of a fire or other emergency

that makes the stairwells inside a building inaccessible.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 95

 Fire Safety Signs

Fire safety signs are used to indicate the location of fire exits, escape routes

and assembly points. They also give simple, easy to follow instructions for fire

safety procedures. Carrying out a risk assessment will identify which fire safety

signs are needed and were.

Smoke Detector and Smoke Alarm

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of

fire. Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part

of a fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke

alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself or

from a number of detectors if there are multiple smoke detectors interlinked.

Fire Sprinkler

A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system

that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a

predetermined temperature has been exceeded.

4.6.1.9 Security System

Security features are introduced on multiple vital points. Entrance and exits are

equipped with visitor scanners and security personnel. All activities from guests to building

performance shall be monitored in order to prevent crime, accidents and disasters.

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 Surveillance System

Surveillance is the monitoring of behaviour, activities, or information for the purpose

of influencing, managing or directing. This can include observation from a distance by

means of electronic equipment, such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), or interception of

electronically transmitted information, such as Internet traffic. It can also include simple

technical methods, such as human intelligence gathering and postal interception.

4.6.1.10 Communication and Electronic System

Communications are treated with the best and most efficient system possible.

Evaluation and encoding of visitors, surveillance, income, expenses, etcetera shall be made

electronically in order to be time and power efficient as possible. Various mechanical

systems are electronically integrated for fast and reliable operations, encompassing

maintenance and quick response in case of malfunction.

BMS

Building Management System (BMS) is a computer-based control system

installed in buildings that controls and monitors the building's mechanical and

electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power systems, fire systems, and

security systems.

A building security system should be integrated within the building

automation system. One or multiple building sites can be managed on the property at

the same time. It will secure the IT data and equipment from hackers, employee

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 97

tampering or theft, break-ins, and other criminal activity. The security system will

manage access control, intrusion detection and digital video surveillance. Security

measures include elevator access control, monitoring visitor activity and preventing

secure areas from being breached. Closed circuit television (CCTV) and recording

solutions are also a part of the security package in the building management system.

Internet and Telephone Line

It is essential for an establishment to have a secure connection with the

internet and telephone lines. As a technological advancement, it has become one of

the most vital elements in an everyday system of work. As a marketing strategy, the

administration of the amusement park can create a connection tothe people through

the use of the internet. It also has the ability to empower the bond within employees

as it becomes a way of communication whether casually or formally. Internet lines

can also create secure connections for wireless transactions that equip a system of

information within the vicinity of the proposal.

Companies such as Philippine Long-Distance Company (PLDT),

Smart and Communications can cater such services for the development

without strain.

4.6.1.11. Waste Management System

Waste Management involves all the activities and actions required to manage waste

from its inception to its final disposal. This includes, among other things, collection,

transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation.

MRF

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 Materials Recovery Facility is a widely known technique in reducing waste in

such a huge development. This is an area where recyclables are stored and filtered

for re-use and even sold.

Solid Waste Disposal and Liquid Waste Disposal

The disposal of waste shall be pursuant to Republic Act 9003 or the Solid

Waste Management Act. This act is the guidelines imposed in the development to

support environmental conservation and stand its ground as an ambassador of

green living.

4.6.1.12 Landscape System

Entry point from National Road

Gateways and Entrances

Section 5.2.2 of DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No. 2009-09 states that

there should be provision of entrance / exit gates to control the vehicles and

pedestrians. Sally Ports could also be provided for the gates. Security lighting

should be provided if electric power is available.

Specification:

Location: The entrance / exit gate should be located preferably at the boundary line

of the protected area.

Size/Space: The width of the entrance gate should be at least eight (8.00) m for two-

way traffic. However, if the ticket booth were placed in the middle of the entrance

gate, the width of each gate should be 4.00 m at the minimum. If an arch were

constructed it should have a vertical clearance of 4.00m to 6.00m.

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 Parking Areas
Section 5.2.8 of DAO No. 2009-09 stated that the parking area is an allocated

space intended for vehicles and other modes of transportation.

Specifications:

Location: Parking spaces should be allocated near the entrance gate or provided as

an adjunct to lodging facilities. Parking areas can be designated in other locations

depending on the size of the protected areas and if vehicles would be allowed inside.

Size/Space: The regular space per parking slot is 3.20m x 6.50m and 3.70m x 5.00m

for differently abled persons. For bus and trailer-van, 4.00m x 15.00m should be

allotted. The overall length, width, height and minimum turning radius of the

vehicle(s) should be considered.

Soft-scape and Landscapes

Based on Section 5.2.11 of DAO Administrative Order No. 2009-09,

landscaping enhances the appearance of facilities and infrastructure as well as

softens the overall impact of development. Some considerations in landscaping

include but not restricted to:

The use of native perennial species of evergreen trees and shrubs that can be

more attractive and functional with age should be considered.

Nurseries should be provided to sustain the source of planting materials. The

use of wastewater from shower drainage and kitchen sinks should be considered

for watering plants. Through this way, water is recycled and conserved.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 100

CHAPTER V: Finding, Conclusions, and Recommendations

5.1 Findings

Based on the data gathered and the feasibility study of the proposed project entitled

“SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development Integrating Condominium,

Office, and Commercial Spaces in Santa Rosa City, Laguna”, the proponent was given a

chance to examine thoroughly the relevance of the proposed project and proved that there is a

need for this kind of proposal.

SiKHAYAN is a mixed-use development that aims to be a sustainable and holistic

building that will connect formality, leisure, and nature through architectural approaches.

Primarily, the project is ideally expected to cater to the working class and entrepreneurs as

the end-user of the project. In line with this, it is expected to provide basic human needs like

food, shelter, and job opportunity while reducing the use of energy yet not compromising the

user’s experience to spaces. Through this research, the problems stated above were solved

accordingly.

The proponents learned that the site is fit to develop a structure with a green and

sustainable design. Through research and thorough analysis, the site was discovered to be

part of the proposed extension of Manila which will be called “MEGAMANILA”. Therefore,

the site is one of the places that were expected to decongest the metro which would create

huge and new opportunities to the site and maximize its strengths.

The proposed project will promote an innovative standard on architectural and

environmental design in the city of Santa Rosa and Philippines. A design that applies tropical

architecture philosophy by maximization of natural light and ventilations through proper

orientations, inclusion of balconies for sun shading and wind accumulator and orienting

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 101

spaces distant to direct sun exposure. On the other hand, the integration of vertical

landscapes composes of variety of ornamental and tropical plants that are native and endemic

to the country, will not only uplift the ambience and aesthetic of the building but will also act

as a functioning noise buffer, wind neutralizer, sun shading, and heat insulation. Moreover,

integrating green materials and systems mentioned above is a great way to make the

sustainability of the proposed project feasible.

Lastly, the research shows that Sta. Rosa, Laguna is considered by government to be

one of the top destinations that will help in decongestion of Metro Manila in its current

situation with unpleasant traffic system and growing population of local workers and other

part of the country. The rapid urbanization of the province of Laguna is now evidently with

continuous development project of the local and national government.

5.2 Conclusions

The rapid urbanization of the Philippines is evidently faster than before through

hundreds of public and private projects through out the nation. Despite of having regulations

and advocacies about livable spaces and accessibility to personal and basic needs, numerous

of construction companies still leaned to inconvenient approach thus compromising the

quality of living and the environment, and solely wants to gain profit.

Despite of having an ample amount of land due to land cost in the city, this did not

hinder the design to took advantage the vertical development to maximize natural energy for

lighting and ventilation of spaces and provide shelter and integrate nature to the building and

replace the disturbed vegetation with new yet functioning and organic ecosystem.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 102

 Lastly, being one of the top commercialized cities in the Philippines, Sta. Rosa City

has a high employment and literacy rate a growth in producing an effective employees and

manpower support for the sustainability of this project.

In conclusion, the construction of this project will help boost the development of Sta.

Rosa, Laguna and create a livelier, healthy, functioning, and environmentally inclined city

lifestyle.

5.3 Recommendations

The research study prepared by the proponents can supply enough data for the

construction of the project. All the information, data, and questions about the project and its

background had been carefully studied in this research.

Creating a cost-effective design shall not stop the user to access a livable and

accessible shelter and working spaces, or structure in general, that promotes green and

sustainable architecture, and experience self-growth, financial stability, and connection to the

nature in one structure. On the other hand, the design shall not only aim energy efficiency but

also promotes culture and empowers people’s lifestyle. The proposed project is recommended

to be adaptive in many effective ways of applying green and sustainable architecture.

The building’s vertical landscapes is recommended to incorporate native species of

ornamental plants and palm trees that can withstand natural phenomena that increase the rate

of the plant’s survival for it to function accordingly. In line with this, the use of treated

greywater and rainwater will also be beneficial to the plants and that will decrease the

consumption of water for water closets and urinals. Thus, making the landscape sustainable

and does its purpose to reduce heat island effects of the structure.

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 The developers of this project must consider all related factors that affect the structure

and its past, present, and future and recommend it to be adaptive in any kind of situation and

future innovations.

Lastly, the engineers and other professionals are recommended to be involved in

related development projects. Together with their technical knowledge and passion in their

profession a successful and innovative project design will be executed properly.

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 104

 Bibliography

Official Documents Gathered from Government Agencies

City of Santa Rosa, Laguna CLUP 2018-2026

Executive Legislative Agenda of Santa Rosa, Laguna 2016-2019

Santa Rosa Zoning Ordinance No. 2112 Series of 2018

Topographic and Hazard Maps of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Books

PD 1096, BP 344, PD 957—National Building Code of the Philippines

Fire Code of the Philippines

Links and Webpage

1. https://www.archdaily.com

2. https://www.panpacific.com/en/hotels-and-resorts/pr-collection-pickering/location/

sustainability.html

3. https://www.avidaland.com/properties

4. https://ayala.com/

5. https://www.visitsingapore.com/content/dam/mice2-0/venues/parkroya-collection-

pickering/PARKROYAL-COLLECTION-Pickering_Sustainable-Green-Features.pdf

6. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34976/SGB.pdf

SiKHAYAN: A proposed Sustainable Mixed-Use Development 105