I TEST CODE 01253020 7

FOR M TP 2020081 MAY/JU NE 2020

CARI BBEA N EXAM INAT IONS COUN CIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION

HUMAN AND SOCIA L BIOLO GY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRU CTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page( s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

5. If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2019 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

L 0125302 0/MJ/CS EC 2020 111~1 111111111 IIII IIIU 11~1 1111111111 11111 1111111111111
0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 0 3
_J
 -4-
7
SECTION A

Answer ALL c1uestions.

1. (a) Figure I shows a diagram of a diseased artery.

PlatJIIC

Figure 1. Diseased artery

(i) Identify the condition shown in Figure 1.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . ... .

(1 mark}

(ii) Describe how the condition in Figure 1 contributes to hypertension.

s
(2 marks)

(iii) Name ONE potentially fatal cardiovascular event that the condition in Figure 1
may lead to.

··················································································································· . ·•!1••········
(l mark)

(iv) State TWO risk factors, other than diet, for developing the condition i1,1 Figure 1.

·································································································································
·································································································································
(2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L 111111 111111111111111 111111111 1111111111 11111 1111111111111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 0 4 _J
r -5-
7
(b) Individuals with heart disease are advised to follow a special diet to improve their condition
and overall health.

From the menu below, circle the healthiest option for EACH mealtime which would
contribute to improved cardiovascular health.

Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snack

Frosted comflakes and Grilled fish, rice, fresh Slices of pizza Potato chips
milk, and banana green salad, string beans
and a glass of water

Oatmeal with fruit and Cheeseburger with let- Fish soup with Candy bar
herbal tea tuce and tomato, fries, soft vegetables
drink

White bread and butter, Fried chicken, coleslaw, Peanut butter Mango
and hot cocoa macaroni and cheese, and and jelly on
lemonade white bread

(4 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 O 5 _J
I -6- 7
( c) Figure 2 shows a graph of the leading causes of death during the years 19 oo ao<l 2 000.

1900 2000

Pneumonia 12.7 Heart disease 31.3

Tuberculosis 11.6 Colon cancer

Diarrhoea and
Gastroenteritis Cardiovascular disease

Heart disease Emphysema/CO PD 4.7

Stroke Accidents 4.1

Measles Pneumonia and Influenza 3.7

Smallpox Diabetes mellitus 2.7

0 10 15 0 10 20 30 35
Percentage Percentage

Figure 2. Graph showing the leading causes of death

during 1900 and 2000, by percentage

(i) What percentage of the deaths in the year 2000 were likely caused by non-
communicable diseases?

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(ii) Outline the MOST significant difference in the types of diseases that resulted in
death in the year 1900 as compared to 2000.

·································································································································

·································································································································
·································································································································
(2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L 11111~ 111111111111111111111m 1111111111 11111 1111111~ 1111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 0 6
_J
 -7-
7
(iii) Suggest TWO reasons for the difference in the types of diseases outlined in
(c) (ii).

(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L IIll~ 1111111111 Hll 11111 001111111111111~1 II~ 11111111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 0 7 _J
I - 8- 7
2. (a) List FOUR characteristics of li ving organisms.

······················································································································· ···················· ··
··················· ··················· ··············································································· ························
··································································································· ··················· ···················· ···
··················· ·································································································· ····················
(4 marks)
···

(b) State TWO organelles found in plant cells which are NOT found in animal cells.

······································· ········································ ······································· ·······················

················································································································ ·············· ···············

······································· ···················· ·················································································

(2 marks)

(c) Sanjeev carried out an investigation to confirm that oxygen is generated from photosynthesis.
Figure 3 shows his experimental set up.

-----------Lamp

L------T est tube ,___ _ _ _ Test tube

-----1."ili..1 ---_-_-_----- Gas -----1.~==~----- Gas
,-1-------W ater +------W ater
"'--'--1---- -Funnel ,.__-1--- -- Funnel

~:::::l::=::::::J Green water plant ~=====~ Green water plant

Experiment A Experiment B
..
Figure 3. Photosynthesis investigation

He followed the procedure below.

1. Count the number of bubbles generated in Experiment A and count the number of bubbles
generated in Experiment B.

2. Remove the test tube in Experiment A by placing your finger over its mouth, taking it out
of the water and turning it over.

3. Move your finger and place a glowing splint into the tube and observe what occurs.

4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for Experiment B.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020
_J
L 1111111 1111111111111111111 111 11111 m m1 11111111 1111
0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 0 8
I -9-
7
(i) State which experiment, A or B, would have gene
rated MOR E bubbles.

(1 mark)
(ii) State what Sanjcev would have observed happening
to the glowing splints in Experiment
A and Experiment B.

A ··········· ········ ·············· ······· ··············.. ········ ··· ········

················ ····.. ················· ................... ..
··············································································· ················ ········
········ ·················· . ...........
B ····· ····················································· .. ················
·········· ........ ......................................... .

(2 marks)
(iii) Ident ify the gas that would have produced the
bubbles in Expe rime nt B and state the
process whic h would have produced this gas.

(2 marks)
(iv) Explain why Sanjeev can conclude that oxygen
is a by-product of photosynthesis.

(2 marks)
(v) State which experiment served as the control and
give ONE reason for your response.

················ ················ ································································

········································ ······
········ ································ ················ ········································
········································ ······
(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEX T PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L I11~1111111111 Hll 11111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 0 9
~ 11111 HI IHI 1111111111111
_J
I - IO - 7
3. Figure 4 illustrates the position of endocrine glands throughout the body.

---++---B

Figure 4. Endocrine glands

(a) (i) Identify the glands labelled A and B.

A ............................................................................ ...... ....................................... .

B ···················································· ································· ······································

(2 marks)

(ii) Complete the following table by inserting the missing hormone or hormone function.

Hormone Function

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone

Promotes growth of follicles and production of

:::1
estrogen in the ovaries :.1
-:·J
~ :-:J

Adrenalin

(2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L 111111 1111111111111111111111!1 11111 ~Ii 1111 ~11111111111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 1 0 _J
 - 11 -
7
(iii) Outline ONE difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system.

·································································································································
··············· .. ··········· .. ············ .. ················ .............................................................................. .

···················································································· .............................................. .
(2 marks)

(b) Rhonda is a 53-year-old housewife who is experiencing challeng es with her weight and
is feeling unwell. The doctor suspects she may have a thyroid problem. The table below
shows the results of Rhonda' s blood tests.

Test Normal Hormone Rhonda's Hormone

Levels Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism
Levels
Thyroxine (µg/dl) 4.6-12 1.8 >12 <4.6
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone (TSH) 0.5-0.6 0.55 <0.5 >0.6

(i) Using the lab data in the table above, suggest the endocrin e conditio n that Rhonda
may have.

(1 mark)
(ii) Identify the lab data from the table that supports the diagnosi s of the endocrin e
condition in (b) (i) .

.......................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(iii) Suggest THREE symptom s that Rhonda would experien ce as a result of the
condition in (b) (i).

·································································································································

·············· ···················································································································

·································································································································

·································································································································
(3 marks)

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

L I111111111111111 Hll 11111111111111111111111111111111111111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 1 1 _J
 - 12 - 7
(iv) State whether Rhonda's condition is caused by a malfunctioning pituitary gland.
Give ONE reason for your response .

····························· ····························· ·······································································

··············· ··········································· ··············· ························································
············································ ······································································· ··············
(2 marks)

(v) The doctor has prescribed a hormonal replacement drug and as a result Rhonda
has lost five pounds. However, she is unable to lose any more weight. Suggest
whether the doctor should increase her dosage and state ONE reason for your
response.

·································································································································

························································· ········································································ i.-.::

................................................................................................................................. ~:::

·································· ···········································································
(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

111 0DII1II2II5l~I3I0IIM2I 0UII1Ml~2 1111

L _J
I - 13 -
7
4. Cell division promotes growth and reproduction in organisms. These processes occur by mitosis.

(a) ldentify ONE cell in the body in which mitosis takes place and ONE cell in which mitosis
does NOT take place.

(2 marks)

(b) Figure 5 shows the process of meiosis.

Figure 5. Process of meiosis

Match EACH labelled state of the cells above with the descriptions below by placing the
correct letter, A, B or C, on the line next to the description.

(i) Haploid condition ......................... ........................................................................ .

(ii) Diploid condition ....... ......................... ............................ ......................................

(iii) DNA duplication .... ....... ...... .... .. ............................... ... ............... .......................... .
(3 marks)

(c) State ONE factor that would account for the variation in daughter cells at the end of meiosis.

········································································ ······································································

·························································································································· ··········
(1 mark)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L 1111111111111111111111 IIIU 11~1 Im 111111111 H 11111111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 1 3
_J
I - 14 -
7
(d) Figure 6 and Figure 7 illustrate a straight thumb and a hitchhiker's thumb.

Figure 6. Straight thumb Figure 7. Hitchhiker's thumb

(i) The allele for hitchhiker's thumb is recessive (h) and the allele for a straight thumb
is dominant (H). Barry and his father both have hitchhiker's thumb.

Identify the genotypes of Barry and his parents.

Barry ................................................................................................................... .

Mother ................................................................................................................... .

Father .................................................................................................................... .
(3 marks)

(ii) Barry's mother is now pregnant. Complete the Punnett square below and determine
the likelihood that her unborn child will have hitchhiker's thumb.

································································································································
(3 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L 1111111 111111111111111 lllll ll!I

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 1 4
Im 1111 ll1111111111111111 _J
 - 15 -
7
(iii) Figure 8 illustrates data obtained on the angle at which person
s with hitchh iker's
thumb can bend their thumb .

50.-----------------------
-.
45
40
atll

35
.S....
30
'cl 25
"" 20
~
ie 15
10
5
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Thumb angle (0 )

Figure 8. Data for hitchhiker's thumb

Identify the type of variation that characterizes the data. Give

ONE reason for
your answe r.

(2 marks)
(iv) Based on the type of variation identified in (c) (iii), state wheth
er genetics, or the
enviro nment or both determine(s) the phenotype of hitchh iker's
thumb .

········································ ···················· ·········· ······························ ·····························

······························ ········································ ···························································
(1 mark)

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/M J/CSE C 2020

L 1111111111111111111 IHI ~~I 111111\1111111 \\1111\1 \Ill

O 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 1 5 _J
 - 16 - 7
SECTI ON B

Answer ALL questions.

5. (a) Excretion allows for the removal of unwanted metabolic waste from the body.

(i) Define the tenn 'homeostasis' .

···································· ·····························································································

························ ························ ········································································ ·········

················································ ········································································ ·········

(2 marks)

(ii) Name TWO major excretory organs in the body.

···························································· ·····································································

(2 marks)

(iii) Identify TWO excretory products produced by the body.

(2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L 1111111111111111111111 11111 Ill Im 1111 Ill~111111111

0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 6
1111 _J
---------
I - 17 -
7
(b) Reggie is always thirsty. During a visit to the doctor, he learns that he has high levels of
sugar in his urine.

(i) Identify the disease Reggie is likely suffering from and explain how the disease
contributes to his excessive thirst.

·································································································································
·································································································································
·································································································································
f:
f: ····································································· ························ ······················· ·············

······································································ ······················· ···················

r:-
c-:
L·.
L".·
E-:
r:
t: ................................................................................................................ (5·~~;~)

(ii) Explain how Reggie's body detects and responds to his need for water.

·································································································································
·································································································································
·································································································································
······················· ···························································································· ··············
·································································································································
·············································································· ..
················································································································c4··~~~'i~~)

Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020/MJ /CSEC 2020

L 111OIIW1111111111111 Hll 11111111111111

2 5 3 0 2 0 1 7
_J
I - 18 - 7
6. (a) (i) Define the tcm1 ' pollutan t'.

······ ·· ························· ·· ···· ······· ·· ··· ········ ········· ·········· ····················· ·· ·············· ············· ·

·········· ·· ··········· ·· ·························· ···· ········· ················· ······ ··· ·· ·· ········ ············ ············ ···
···· ·· ··········
·············· ·· ········· ·· ········ ···· ·· ·························· ········ ········ ·· ·· ····· ······ ··· ············(2 marks)

(ii) State TWO example s of air pollutan ts, other than carbon dioxide.

·········· ······························································· ····· ·· ·· ·· ························ ·····················

······ ·············· ············· ·············· ········· ············· ·············· ···· ·· ··········· ············ ········· ···· ····
(2 marks)

(iii) Identify TWO sources of air pollutants.

························· ···················· ··················································· ················ ·················

(2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

0 1253020 /MJ/CS EC 2020

L 111111 11111 ~1111111111 IIDI 11112!111111~

0 1 2 5 3 0 0 1 8
11111 1111 _J
 I - 19 -
7
(b) Fi~u~e. 9 depic~s the ~ercentag e of carbon dioxide produced by yearly transportation
act1v1ttes of residents 111 a town.

Vacation
travelling
49%
Daily
,-.
f :" commute
32%

Figure 9. Percentag e of carbon dioxide produced

Most residents go on vacation once a year but commute to work or school approxim ately
t=· five days a week. Explain why vacation travelling produces significantly more carbon
!C·:
1.-.
t.·.
E··
dioxide than the daily commute and suggest TWO ways in which the amount of carbon
dioxide produced from the daily commute may be reduced.

··············································································································································

··············································································································································

··············· ······························································· ································································

······························································ ················································································

·············································································· ································································

··············································································································································

············································································································· ················ cs·~~~k~)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01253020 /MJ/CSE C 2020

L Illlffl I~~ 111 m11m ll111111~ 11W 1111111111

O 1 2
I
5 3 0 2 0 1 9
_J
r - 20 - 7
(c) Many Caribbean countries have banned 'single use' plastic items such as straws and plastic
bags. Outline TWO reasons why this is a good decision for marine ecosystems and the
wider community.

··············································································································································

··············································································································································

··············································································································································

················································· ·····························································································

··············································································································································

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

END OFTEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

01253020/MJ/CSEC 2020

L llllllllllffllmmm111
0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 2 0
_J