Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0654/246
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2020
120 minutes
*0830024321*

I. Multiple choice questions (30 questions)

II. Theory (5 questions)
III. Alternative to practical (3 questions)

NAME: ……………………………………….....
DATE: …………………………………………..
TOTAL MARK: ………………………………..

This document has … pages. Blank pages are indicated.

IB20 06_0610_22/4RP
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 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (30 questions)

1 The diagram shows what happened in an experiment with plant seedlings.

start next day

light light

Which characteristic of living things made the seedlings grow towards the light?

A excretion
B nutrition
C respiration
D sensitivity

2 The diagram shows a plant cell.

A biologist wants to find out the number of chromosomes it contains.

Which labelled part should be examined more closely?

2
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3 The diagram shows a human liver cell.

The length of structure M on the diagram is 6 mm.

The magnification of the diagram is x 2000.

What is the actual length of M?

A 0.03 m B 3 m C 333 m D 12 000 mm

4 Which diagram shows the appearance of a plant cell several minutes after it has been placed in a
concentrated solution of sugar?

A B

C D

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5 An uncooked piece of potato was placed in a solution. After two hours the size of the piece of
potato had decreased.

Which row explains why this has happened and how the potato cells have changed?

water potential potato cells

potato cells external solution become

A higher lower flaccid

B higher lower turgid
C lower higher flaccid
D lower higher turgid

6 Which food-testing solution shows a positive result when it turns from blue to purple?

A Benedict’s solution
B biuret solution
C ethanol
D iodine solution

7 The diagram shows the four types of human tooth.

1 2 3 4

incisor canine premolar molar

Which teeth are used for grinding food?

A 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 3 and 4 D 4 and 1

8 When a river is polluted by fertiliser, the following processes may occur.

1 increased aerobic respiration of decomposers

2 increased growth of producers
3 decreased oxygen concentration in the water

What is the correct sequence for these processes?

A 1→2 →3 B 1→3 →2 C 2→1 →3 D 2→3→1

4
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9 Enzymes function best at their optimum temperature.

Which statement describes the effect on an enzyme of increasing the temperature to the
enzyme’s optimum temperature?

A There are more frequent successful collisions.

B The kinetic energy of the enzymes decreases.
C The enzymes begin to lose their complementary shape.
D The rate at which enzyme-substrate complexes form is reduced.

10 The diagram shows a plant cell.

In which part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?

11 The graph shows the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme.

enzyme
activity

1 3 5 7 9 11
pH

In which part of the alimentary canal would this enzyme be most active?

A large intestine
B mouth
C small intestine
D stomach

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12 The diagram shows the structure of a villus. The arteriole, capillary, lacteal and venule are
labelled with letters.

Which letter shows where nutrients are absorbed into the blood?

13 Which change increases the rate of water uptake by the roots of a plant?

A decrease in evaporation of water from mesophyll cells

B decrease in length of root hairs
C decrease in water potential of root hair cells
D decrease in water potential of soil water

14 Dodder is a plant that grows on other plants called the hosts. The dodder plant connects to the
host’s vascular bundles.

The dodder plant does not have green leaves or roots.

What correctly describes the regions for translocation?

host leaves dodder

A sink sink
B sink source
C source sink
D source source

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15 The diagrams show the single circulation of a fish and the double circulation of a mammal.

gill capillaries lung capillaries

X
R Y
S
ventricle
atria
atrium

ventricles
T Z

body capillaries body capillaries

fish circulation mammal circulation

Which letters represent areas of oxygenated blood?

A R and X B S and Y C T and Y D T and Z

16 The diagram shows the human heart and main blood vessels.

lungs
X

rest of body

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17 What is the site of gas exchange in humans?

A nose
B alveoli
C bronchus
D trachea

18 The substances listed are associated with aerobic respiration.

1 carbon dioxide
2 glucose
3 oxygen
4 water

Which substances are the products of aerobic respiration?

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

19 The formula C2H5OH represents a chemical produced during anaerobic respiration.

What is this chemical?

A alcohol
B glucose
C glycogen
D lactic acid

20 Which responses occur in the iris of the eye when a person walks from a brightly lit area to a
dimly lit area?

circular muscle radial muscle

A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax

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21 What are the effects of insulin and adrenaline on the concentration of blood glucose?

effect of insulin effect of adrenaline

on blood glucose on blood glucose
concentration concentration

A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases

22 Asexual reproduction can be used to produce crops.

Why might a disease be likely to spread throughout the whole crop?

A crop plants are genetically different

B crop plants are genetically identical
C many offspring are produced
D offspring are produced quickly

23 The diagram shows half a flower. There is a description of each numbered part.

1 the stigma which receives pollen from insects

2 the anther which produces smooth and light pollen grains
3 the ovule where fertilisation occurs when the male and female nuclei fuse

Which descriptions are correct for an insect-pollinated flower?

A 1 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

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24 What is a diploid nucleus?

A a nucleus containing one set of chromosomes

B a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
C a nucleus with one double helix of DNA
D a nucleus with two genes

25 Which statement about meiosis is correct?

A At the end of meiosis a zygote has been produced.

B During meiosis the haploid number is halved in the daughter cells.
C Meiosis is reduction division in which diploid daughter cells are produced.
D The parent cell contains twice as many chromosomes as each daughter cell.

26 The diagram shows the inheritance of height in pea plants.

Which plants have a heterozygous genotype?

A both parent plants

B dwarf parent plant only
C both offspring plants
D tall parent plant only

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27 The graph shows the masses of two different types of tomato.

What can be concluded from the graph?

A Genes do not affect the mass of tomatoes.

B Type 1 tomatoes show continuous variation.
C Type 2 tomatoes are sometimes smaller than type 1 tomatoes.
D Type 2 tomatoes show discontinuous variation.

28 The diagram shows a food chain in a rock pool.

seaweed → whelks → crabs → seagulls

What will happen if the number of secondary consumers increases?

There will be

A fewer crabs.
B fewer seagulls.
C fewer whelks.
D less seaweed.

29 What is defined as ‘all of the populations of different species in an ecosystem’?

A community
B environment
C habitat
D trophic level

30 What is the role of anaerobic respiration in bread-making?

A to produce alcohol to flavour the bread

B to produce gas to make the bread rise
C to release enough energy to bake the bread
D to release enough lactic acid to kill the yeast
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II. THEORY (4 questions)

1 Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment.

(a) Human skin is involved in the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature.

(i) Skin is an organ.

State why the skin is an organ.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the organ that coordinates the control of body temperature.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of a section through human skin.

A
F

Fig. 1.1

(iii) State the names of structures A, B and C in Fig. 1.1.

A ........................................................................................................................................

B ........................................................................................................................................

C ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

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(iv) Structure D is a shunt vessel and E is an arteriole.

Describe how these blood vessels are involved in maintaining a constant internal body
temperature in a cold environment.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Energy is used to maintain body temperature.

State three other uses of energy in humans.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 11]

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2 Pregnancy can occur after the fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete.

(a) State the name of the ball of cells that implants into the uterus after fertilisation.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) There are many changes that occur in a fetus during pregnancy.

Compare the development of a fetus in the early stages of pregnancy to its development in
the late stages of pregnancy.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Describe the functions of amniotic fluid and the amniotic sac.

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............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(d) The umbilical artery is found in the umbilical cord. This artery transports blood away from the
heart of the fetus.

The umbilical artery is unusual because it transports deoxygenated blood.

(i) State the name of one other artery in the mother that transports deoxygenated blood.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) State one excretory product that is transported from the fetus to the placenta.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the process that allows substances to move down a concentration
gradient across the placenta.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(e) Drug X can be injected into the body. This is one way that HIV can be transmitted.

Describe two other ways that HIV can be transmitted.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 23]

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3 Cheetahs, Acinonyx jubatus, are carnivores found in the dry grasslands and woodlands of
southern Africa. Cheetahs hunt for food during the day. They eat deer andantelope.

The cheetah is the fastest mammal on land but can only run at high speed (sprint) over a short
distance. Its hunting strategy is to creep up on prey and then sprint to catch them.

Fig. 3.1 is a photograph of a cheetah in its natural habitat.

Fig. 3.1

(a) Suggest how these adaptive features enable cheetahs to survive in their natural environment.

fur colouring ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

streamlined body shape ...........................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) The king cheetah is a rare variety of A. jubatus that has inherited striped fur markings.

Fig. 3.2 shows a cheetah with spots and a king cheetah.

cheetah with spots king cheetah

Fig. 3.2

(i) Define the term inheritance.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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Fig. 3.3 shows a pedigree diagram of a population of cheetahs.

1 2

10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
?

Key:

female king cheetah female cheetah with spots

male king cheetah male cheetah with spots

Fig. 3.3

(ii) Deduce the genotype of cheetah 11.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Predict the probability of cheetah 14 being a king cheetah.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Describe how a breeder could determine the genotype of cheetah 17.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(v) When the king cheetah was first discovered it was thought that it was a new species.

Pedigree diagrams of cheetahs proved it was not a new species.

Suggest one type of evidence, other than pedigree diagrams, that can be used to
determine how closely related organisms are.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Cheetahs are at risk of becoming endangered.

(i) Suggest why the cheetah is at risk of becoming endangered.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Describe how species like the cheetah can be conserved.

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...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 14]

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4 Some crop farmers use herbicides on their fields.

Fig. 4.1 shows a farmer spraying a rice crop with herbicides.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Herbicides kill weeds.

Explain why farmers use herbicides.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(b) Fields of crop plants were sprayed with two herbicides. A farmer measured the concentration
of the two herbicides, A and B, in a lake near the fields.

The water in the lake was sampled at intervals for two weeks.

Fig. 4.2 shows the results.

0.20

0.16

0.12
concentration
of herbicides in
the lake water
samples / mg per kg
0.08

0.04

0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

time / days

herbicides Key:
sprayed on herbicide A
the fields herbicide B

Fig. 4.2

(i) Compare the concentrations of herbicide A and herbicide B in the lake.

Use the information in Fig. 4.2 to support your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [3]
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(ii) Suggest how herbicides damage ecosystems in a lake.

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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(c) Herbicide A is a synthetic plant hormone called 2,4-D that selectively kills dicotyledonous
plants only.

(i) State two features that distinguish leaves of dicotyledonous plants from leaves of
monocotyledonous plants.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State the name of a natural plant hormone that stimulates cell elongation.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Herbicide B is a chemical that prevents the uptake of magnesium ions.

Suggest how herbicide B kills plants.

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 15]

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5 (a) Fig. 6.1 is a diagram showing some parts of a plant. The circle shows a magnified cross-section
of part of the stem.

(i) Table 6.1 contains statements about the functions of some of the structures in Fig. 6.1.

Complete the table by:

• stating the name of the structure

• identifying the letter that labels that structure.

Table 6.1

function name of structure letter from Fig. 6.1

provides support to the stem

protects flower bud

produces glucose

produces pollen

delivers male nuclei to the site of fertilisation

[5]

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(ii) State one letter from Fig. 6.1 that identifies a structure that contains a haploid nucleus.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the process that describes the transport of sucrose in a plant.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State one letter from Fig. 6.1 that is a structure that is an example of a source for sucrose
transport.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) In addition to sucrose, amino acids are also transported in plants.

(i) State the name of a mineral ion that becomes part of an amino acid.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the structures inside cells that assemble amino acids into proteins.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the group of molecules that are made of proteins and act ascatalysts.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

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IV. ALTERNATIVE TO PRACTICAL

1 A student investigated the effect of temperature on diffusion. Dialysis tubing was used to represent
a cell membrane. Cell membranes are partially permeable.

Step 1 One test-tube was labelled C and another test-tube was labelled H. The student drew a
small X on the outside of each test-tube as shown in Fig. 1.1.

X X

Fig. 1.1

Step 2 The student was given two pieces of dialysis tubing. A knot was tied at one end of each
piece of dialysis tubing to form two bags.

Step 3 Starch suspension was put into each dialysis tubing bag until each bag was approximately
three-quarters full.

Step 4 One of the dialysis tubing bags containing starch suspension was put into test-tube
C. The open end of the dialysis tubing was folded over the top of the test-tube. It was
secured with an elastic band as shown in Fig. 1.2.

open end of the dialysis tubing

bag folded over the top of
elastic band the test-tube

X dialysis tubing bag containing

starch suspension

test-tube

closed end of
the dialysis tubing bag

Fig. 1.2

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Step 5 Step 4 was repeated with the other dialysis tubing bag and test-tube H.

Step 6 Cold water was added to test-tube C until it reached the level of the elastic band.

Step 7 Hot water was added to test-tube H until it reached the level of the elastic band.

Step 8 The temperatures of the water in test-tube C and test-tube H were measured.

The temperatures are shown on the sections of thermometers in Fig. 1.3.

30 80

20 70

10 60

thermometer in thermometer in
test-tube C test-tube H

Fig. 1.3

Step 9 1cm3 of iodine solution was added to the water in each test-tube.

Step 10 A stop-clock was started.

Step 11 The student observed the X on each test-tube by looking through the dialysis tubing
bags as shown in Fig. 1.4.

X drawn on the opposite

side of the test-tube

eye looking at X
through the dialysis
tubing bag that is water containing
inside the test-tube iodine solution

Fig. 1.4

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Step 12 The student continued to observe the X until the contents of the dialysis tubing bag
became blue-black in colour. At this point the X was no longer visible.
The student recorded the time taken for the X to stop being visible in each test-tube.

The student’s results are shown in Fig. 1.5.

test-tube C
8 minutes 36s

test-tube H
1 minute 23s

Fig. 1.5

(a) (i) Prepare a table to record the temperatures shown in Fig. 1.3 and the results shown in
Fig. 1.5.

The times shown in Fig. 1.5 should be converted to seconds.

[3]

(ii) State a conclusion for this investigation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iii) Identify the variable that was changed by the student (independent variable) in this
investigation.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) The student observed that the liquid inside the dialysis tubing bag turned blue-black in
colour during the investigation. The liquid in the test-tube surrounding the dialysis tubing
bag remained brown.

State what can be concluded about the ability of the starch molecules to move through
the dialysis tubing.

State the evidence to support your conclusion.

conclusion .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

evidence ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(v) Identify one possible source of error in this investigation and suggest one additional piece
of apparatus that could be used to reduce the effect of this error.

error ...................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

apparatus ..........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) (i) Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch to form reducing sugars.

Describe how you could test for the presence of reducing sugars.

Include the result of a positive test.

method ..............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

result .................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Plan an investigation to determine the effect of different concentrations of amylase on

the breakdown of starch.

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[Total: 18]

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2 A student investigated the effect of different concentrations of sugar solution on osmosis in potato
sticks.

The student used this method:

• cut six potato sticks

• measure the initial mass of each potato stick
• place each potato stick in a different concentration of sugar solution
• leave the potato sticks in the sugar solutions for one hour
• after one hour remove the potato sticks and measure the final mass of each potato stick.

(a) (i) All of the potato sticks were left in the sugar solutions for the same length of time.

State two other variables that the student should have kept constant during their
investigation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Identify the variable that was measured (dependent variable) in this investigation.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) The results of the investigation are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

concentration of
initial mass of final mass of percentage
sugar solution
potato stick / g potato stick / g change in mass
/ mol per dm3

0.0 2.14 2.18 1.87

0.2 1.90 1.91 0.53

0.4 2.32 2.30 –0.86

0.6 2.25 2.21 –1.78

0.8 2.08 2.03

1.0 2.16 2.10 –2.78

(i) Calculate the percentage change in mass for the potato stick that was placed in the
0.8 mol per dm3 sugar solution.

Give your answer to two decimal places.

Space for working.

.............................................................%
[2]

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(ii) Plot a line graph on the grid to show the data in Table 2.1. One axis has been started for
you.

[4]

(iii) State the concentration of the sugar solution at which your graph shows there would be
no change in the mass of the potato stick.

....................................... mol per dm 3 [1]

(iv) The student wanted to obtain a more accurate value for the concentration of the sugar
solution at which there would be no change in the mass of the potato stick.

Suggest further investigative work that the student should carry out.

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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c) Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph showing cells from a potato.

The structures visible within the cells are starch grains.

X
P

starch grain
Q

Fig. 2.1

(i) Draw a large diagram of the cell labelled X. Do not label your diagram.

[4]

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(ii) Measure the length of line PQ on Fig. 2.1. Include the unit.

length of line PQ ...........................................................

The actual length of the potato cell at line PQ is 0.14 mm.

Calculate the magnification of the potato cell using the formula and your measurement.

magnification = length of line PQ

actual length of the potato cell

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

Space for working.

................................................................
[3]

(iii) A student measured the actual lengths of five of the starch grains present in one potato
cell. The results are shown in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2

length of starch grain / mm

0.052
0.048
0.025
0.023
0.017

Calculate the average length of the starch grains.

.................................................... mm [1]

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(d) Potato cells release carbon dioxide during respiration.

State the name of an indicator which could be used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide
and give the result of a positive test.

indicator ....................................................................................................................................

result .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 22]

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