What is Programming

Programming is a way for us to tell computers what to do. Computer is a very dumb
machine and it only does what we tell it to do. Hence we learn programming and tell
computers to do what we are very slow at - computation. If I ask you to calculate
5+6, you will immediately say 11. How about 23453453 X 56456?

You will start searching for a calculator or jump to a new tab to calculate the
same. This 100 days of code series will help you learn python from starting to the
end. We will start from 0 and by the time we end this course, I promise you will be
a Job ready Python developer!

What is Python?
Python is a dynamically typed, general purpose programming language that supports
an object-oriented programming approach as well as a functional programming
approach.
Python is an interpreted and a high-level programming language.
It was created by Guido Van Rossum in 1989.
Features of Python
Python is simple and easy to understand.
It is Interpreted and platform-independent which makes debugging very easy.
Python is an open-source programming language.
Python provides very big library support. Some of the popular libraries include
NumPy, Tensorflow, Selenium, OpenCV, etc.
It is possible to integrate other programming languages within python.
What is Python used for
Python is used in Data Visualization to create plots and graphical representations.
Python helps in Data Analytics to analyze and understand raw data for insights and
trends.
It is used in AI and Machine Learning to simulate human behavior and to learn from
past data without hard coding.
It is used to create web applications.
It can be used to handle databases.
It is used in business and accounting to perform complex mathematical operations
along with quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Why Replit?
Replit is very easy to share tutorials and code.
You can easily fork this repl and continue learning in your own style. Video, code
as well as text tutorial on the same page which makes things easy!
For fellow teachers out there, you create a .tutorial folder to create tutorials
using replit.

Day 2 - My Python Success Story

Why I love python (And you will too...)
Welcome to Day 2 of 100 days of code. Let me start with a story! Back in my
college, I used to learn C and C++ programming in depth, used to score good marks.
I created a bunch of printing, conditionals and loop program. Now what? I wanted to
benefit from the same In my second year of college, I started working (I mean
actually working in the industry) with the python programming language. I was not
so good with it but I used to write code for a singaporean client and actually make
good money without having to actually master Python. Harry then got curious and
started working on his Python skills even more. I then got into web scraping and
trust me I made some good easy money on Fiverr just by writing some python programs
and charging on per webpage basis to my clients ( I used to automate scraping)

I then learnt flask and got to work with Flask with a university professor abroad.
Long story short, Python made a huge impact in my career.

What can Python do for you?

I want to show you some python programs I created which will surely inspire you to
create your own versions of the same as we progress through this tutorial. Do not
try to recreate them just yet if you are a beginner and just started working on
Python. We will make progress gradually trust me

Day 3 - Modules and pip in Python!

Module is like a code library which can be used to borrow code written by somebody
else in our python program. There are two types of modules in python:

Built in Modules - These modules are ready to import and use and ships with the
python interpreter. there is no need to install such modules explicitly.
External Modules - These modules are imported from a third party file or can be
installed using a package manager like pip or conda. Since this code is written by
someone else, we can install different versions of a same module with time.
The pip command
It can be used as a package manager pip to install a python module. Lets install a
module called pandas using the following command

pip install pandas

Using a module in Python (Usage)
We use the import syntax to import a module in Python. Here is an example code:

import pandas
# Read and work with a file named 'words.csv'
df = pandas.read_csv('words.csv')
print(df) # This will display first few rows from the words.csv file
Similarly we can install other modules and look into their documentations for usage
instructions.
We will find ourselved doing this often in the later part of this course

Day 4 - Our First Program

Today we will write our first ever python program from scratch. It will consist of
a bunch of print statements. print can be used to print something on the console in
python

Quick Quiz
Write a program to print a poem in Python. Choose the poem of your choice and
publish your repl

print("---Your poem here---")

Please make sure you attempt this. Might be easy for some of you but please finish
each and every task

Day 5 - Comments, Escape sequence & Print in Python

Welcome to Day 5 of 100DaysOfCode. Today we will talk about Comments, Escape
Sequences and little bit more about print statement in Python. We will also throw
some light on Escape Sequences

Python Comments
A comment is a part of the coding file that the programmer does not want to
execute, rather the programmer uses it to either explain a block of code or to
avoid the execution of a specific part of code while testing.

Single-Line Comments:
To write a comment just add a ‘#’ at the start of the line.
Example 1
#This is a 'Single-Line Comment'
print("This is a print statement.")
Output:

This is a print statement.

Example 2
print("Hello World !!!") #Printing Hello World
Output:

Hello World !!!

Example 3:
print("Python Program")
#print("Python Program")
Output:
Python Program
Multi-Line Comments:
To write multi-line comments you can use ‘#’ at each line or you can use the
multiline string.

Example 1: The use of ‘#’.

#It will execute a block of code if a specified condition is true.

#If the condition is false then it will execute another block of code.
p = 7
if (p > 5):
print("p is greater than 5.")
else:
print("p is not greater than 5.")
Output:

p is greater than 5.
Example 2: The use of multiline string.

"""This is an if-else statement.

It will execute a block of code if a specified condition is true.
If the condition is false then it will execute another block of code."""
p = 7
if (p > 5):
print("p is greater than 5.")
else:
print("p is not greater than 5.")
Output
p is greater than 5.
Escape Sequence Characters
To insert characters that cannot be directly used in a string, we use an escape
sequence character.

An escape sequence character is a backslash \ followed by the character you want to

insert.

An example of a character that cannot be directly used in a string is a double

quote inside a string that is surrounded by double quotes:

print("This doesnt "execute")

print("This will \" execute")
More on Print statement
The syntax of a print statement looks something like this:
print(object(s), sep=separator, end=end, file=file, flush=flush)
Other Parameters of Print Statement
object(s): Any object, and as many as you like. Will be converted to string before
printed
sep='separator': Specify how to separate the objects, if there is more than one.
Default is ' '
end='end': Specify what to print at the end. Default is '\n' (line feed)
file: An object with a write method. Default is sys.stdout
Parameters 2 to 4 are optional

a = 11
b = 11
print(a)
print("+")
print(b)
print(".......")
print(a + b)
#total
a1 = "mofaj" #first name
b1 = "Alam" #last name
print(a1)
print(b1)
print(a1 + b1)
c = True
print(c)
d = None
print(d)
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(a1))
print(type(b1))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
list1 = [8, 2.3, [-4, 5], ["apple", "banana"]]
print(list1)
tuple1 = (("parrot", "sparrow"), ("Lion", "Tiger"))
print(tuple1)
dict1 = {"name":"Sakshi", "age":20, "canVote":True}
print(dict1)

Enable "Accessible Terminal" in Workspace Settings to use a screen reader with the
shell.
Results of your code will appear here when you
Run
the project.

Day 6 - Variables and Data Types

What is a variable?
Variable is like a container that holds data. Very similar to how our containers in
kitchen holds sugar, salt etc Creating a variable is like creating a placeholder in
memory and assigning it some value. In Python its as easy as writing:

a = 1
b = True
c = "Harry"
d = None
These are four variables of different data types.
What is a Data Type?
Data type specifies the type of value a variable holds. This is required in
programming to do various operations without causing an error.
In python, we can print the type of any operator using type function:

a = 1
print(type(a))
b = "1"
print(type(b))
By default, python provides the following built-in data types:

1. Numeric data: int, float, complex

int: 3, -8, 0
float: 7.349, -9.0, 0.0000001
complex: 6 + 2i
2. Text data: str
str: "Hello World!!!", "Python Programming"

3. Boolean data:
Boolean data consists of values True or False.

4. Sequenced data: list, tuple

list: A list is an ordered collection of data with elements separated by a comma
and enclosed within square brackets. Lists are mutable and can be modified after
creation.

Example:

list1 = [8, 2.3, [-4, 5], ["apple", "banana"]]

print(list1)
Output:

[8, 2.3, [-4, 5], ['apple', 'banana']]

Tuple: A tuple is an ordered collection of data with elements separated by a comma
and enclosed within parentheses. Tuples are immutable and can not be modified after
creation.

Example:

tuple1 = (("parrot", "sparrow"), ("Lion", "Tiger"))

print(tuple1)
Output:

(('parrot', 'sparrow'), ('Lion', 'Tiger'))

5. Mapped data: dict
dict: A dictionary is an unordered collection of data containing a key:value pair.
The key:value pairs are enclosed within curly brackets.

Example:

dict1 = {"name":"Sakshi", "age":20, "canVote":True}

print(dict1)
Output:

{'name': 'Sakshi', 'age': 20, 'canVote': True}

Operators
Python has different types of operators for different operations. To create a
calculator we require arithmetic operators.

Arithmetic operators
Operator Operator Name Example
+ Addition 15+7
- Subtraction 15-7
* Multiplication 5*7
** Exponential 5**3
/ Division 5/3
% Modulus 15%7
// Floor Division 15//7
Exercise
n = 15
m = 7
ans1 = n+m
print("Addition of",n,"and",m,"is", ans1)
ans2 = n-m
print("Subtraction of",n,"and",m,"is", ans2)
ans3 = n*m
print("Multiplication of",n,"and",m,"is", ans3)
ans4 = n/m
print("Division of",n,"and",m,"is", ans4)
ans5 = n%m
print("Modulus of",n,"and",m,"is", ans5)
ans6 = n//m
print("Floor Division of",n,"and",m,"is", ans6)
Explaination
Here 'n' and 'm' are two variables in which the integer value is being stored.
Variables 'ans1' , 'ans2' ,'ans3', 'ans4','ans5' and 'ans6' contains the outputs
corresponding to addition, subtraction,multiplication, division, modulus and floor
division respectively.
Exercise 1 - Create a Calculator
Create a calculator capable of performing addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division operations on two numbers. Your program should format the output in a
readable manner!

Exercise 1 - Create a Calculator Solution

Create a calculator capable of performing addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division operations on two numbers. Your program should format the output in a
readable manner!

Typecasting in python
The conversion of one data type into the other data type is known as type casting
in python or type conversion in python.

Python supports a wide variety of functions or methods like: int(), float(), str(),
ord(), hex(), oct(), tuple(), set(), list(), dict(), etc. for the type casting in
python.

Two Types of Typecasting:

Explicit Conversion (Explicit type casting in python)
Implicit Conversion (Implicit type casting in python).
Explicit typecasting:
The conversion of one data type into another data type, done via developer or
programmer's intervention or manually as per the requirement, is known as explicit
type conversion.
It can be achieved with the help of Python’s built-in type conversion functions
such as int(), float(), hex(), oct(), str(), etc .

Example of explicit typecasting:

string = "15"
number = 7
string_number = int(string) #throws an error if the string is not a valid integer
sum= number + string_number
print("The Sum of both the numbers is: ", sum)
Output:
The Sum of both the numbers is 22
Implicit type casting:
Data types in Python do not have the same level i.e. ordering of data types is not
the same in Python. Some of the data types have higher-order, and some have lower
order. While performing any operations on variables with different data types in
Python, one of the variable's data types will be changed to the higher data type.
According to the level, one data type is converted into other by the Python
interpreter itself (automatically). This is called, implicit typecasting in python.

Python converts a smaller data type to a higher data type to prevent data loss.

Example of implicit type casting:

# Python automatically converts
# a to int
a = 7
print(type(a))

# Python automatically converts b to float

b = 3.0
print(type(b))

# Python automatically converts c to float as it is a float addition

c = a + b
print(c)
print(type(c))
Ouput:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
10.0
<class 'float'>

Typecasting in python
The conversion of one data type into the other data type is known as type casting
in python or type conversion in python.

Python supports a wide variety of functions or methods like: int(), float(), str(),
ord(), hex(), oct(), tuple(), set(), list(), dict(), etc. for the type casting in
python.

Two Types of Typecasting:

Explicit Conversion (Explicit type casting in python)
Implicit Conversion (Implicit type casting in python).
Explicit typecasting:
The conversion of one data type into another data type, done via developer or
programmer's intervention or manually as per the requirement, is known as explicit
type conversion.
It can be achieved with the help of Python’s built-in type conversion functions
such as int(), float(), hex(), oct(), str(), etc .

Example of explicit typecasting:

string = "15"
number = 7
string_number = int(string) #throws an error if the string is not a valid integer
sum= number + string_number
print("The Sum of both the numbers is: ", sum)
Output:
The Sum of both the numbers is 22
Implicit type casting:
Data types in Python do not have the same level i.e. ordering of data types is not
the same in Python. Some of the data types have higher-order, and some have lower
order. While performing any operations on variables with different data types in
Python, one of the variable's data types will be changed to the higher data type.
According to the level, one data type is converted into other by the Python
interpreter itself (automatically). This is called, implicit typecasting in python.

Python converts a smaller data type to a higher data type to prevent data loss.

Example of implicit type casting:

# Python automatically converts
# a to int
a = 7
print(type(a))

# Python automatically converts b to float

b = 3.0
print(type(b))

# Python automatically converts c to float as it is a float addition

c = a + b
print(c)
print(type(c))
Ouput:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
10.0
<class 'float'>