Volume : 5, Number : 2, 2023

ISSN : 2655 – 7215 [printed] ; 2685-2098 [online]

DOI : 10.46574/motivection.v5i2.241

Automatic Mist Sprayer for Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Using Thingspeak

IoT Platform and R Analytical Tool
J Habibuddin1*, T Muchtar1, MF Azis1, MR Sasmita1

Abstract

In mushroom greenhouses at IKM Simbang Maros, watering is currently done manually using a hose and
scheduled twice daily, without considering the optimal temperature and humidity for mushroom growth.
This study aims to develop an automatic watering system for oyster mushroom cultivation using a DHT22
sensor to monitor temperature and humidity. The system is equipped with a NodeMCU ESP32
microcontroller and a mist sprayer, triggered by a relay to activate the water pump. An IoT platform
using Thingspeak allows farmers to monitor temperature and humidity data in real-time on their
smartphones. In a real case study, the device effectively maintained optimal humidity levels for
mushroom growth, with the pump activating when humidity was below 85%. Data from 10 observations
showed that the pump was active for 7 times. Data processing using R Studio showed the system's ability
to stabilize humidity levels. The proposed system could help farmers optimize mushroom growth and
reduce the labor required for manual watering.

Keywords
DHT22, internet of things, oyster mushroom, microcontroller, mist sprayer

1Electrical
Engineering, Politeknik ATI Makassar, Indonesia
220 Sunu St, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, 90211

* juliantihabibuddin@atim.ac.id
Submitted : May 02, 2023. Accepted : May 18, 2023. Published : May 19, 2023.

INTRODUCTION
Oyster mushrooms are highly valued for their nutritional content, which includes high
protein and low calorie levels, making them a lucrative commodity [1], [2]. In Maros, South
Sulawesi, the IKM Simbang industry is actively cultivating oyster mushrooms. However, the
current watering process for the mushroom beds is done manually and scheduled, without
considering the optimal temperature and humidity levels necessary for mushroom growth. As
these factors, specifically temperature between 20-28°C and humidity levels between 80-
90%, significantly affect mushroom growth, automating the watering process to maintain
these optimal conditions is essential to maximize yield [3].
Previous studies [3]–[5] have shown that the growth of oyster mushrooms is affected by
environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and the moisture level of the growing
medium. A new environmental engineering technology has been developed to support oyster
mushroom cultivation by increasing watering efficiency and reducing labor costs. This
technology uses a solar panel system to power a mist sprayer that utilizes an atomizing nozzle
to control the duration and frequency of watering. The system can be controlled manually or
automatically and is designed to monitor and adjust temperature, humidity, and moisture

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levels in the growing medium. The use of solar panels as the main power source has been
found to reduce labor costs and increase watering efficiency by up to 80%. However, this
system does not incorporate IoT technology for real-time monitoring and data analysis.
Additionally, In agriculture, the use of the Thingspeak [6]–[8] and Blynk IoT platforms
[9]–[11] to monitor various conditions has become increasingly popular. The benefit of IoT in
agriculture is that it can provide farmers with real-time data about their crops, soil conditions,
weather patterns, and other environmental factors. This data can be used to optimize crop
yields, reduce waste, and improve overall farm efficiency [12]–[14].
A previous research [15] has shown that temperature and humidity are crucial factors in
the successful cultivation of oyster mushrooms, with conventional watering systems being
impractical and inefficient. To address this issue, the current study utilized a Research and
Development approach to develop an automatic mushroom sprinkler with temperature and
humidity control. The design includes a blower component, piezoelectric, ATMega 16
microcontroller, and a DHT11 temperature sensor, as well as IoT features. The results of the
implementation of this tool in the cultivation area showed a 34.51% increase in the
productivity of oyster mushrooms. However, this study did not utilize the Thingspeak
platform for IoT integration as is done in the current paper.
This study presents the development of an automatic mist sprayer for oyster mushroom
cultivation using the Thingspeak IoT platform to monitor humidity and temperature data
online in real-time. The integration of IoT technology and the Thingspeak platform is
necessary to enable real-time monitoring of the environmental conditions, which allows for
quick adjustments to be made and ensures that the mushrooms are always growing under
optimal conditions. A real case study on the cultivation of mushrooms at IKM Simbang Maros
was conducted to test the device's efficacy and collect data. The collected data was processed
using R analytical tools, which allowed for in-depth analysis of the temperature and humidity
trends over time and helped identify any patterns or anomalies that could affect the growth of
the oyster mushrooms. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the benefits of automating the
watering process to optimize oyster mushroom growth while reducing the need for manual
labor.

METHOD
This study was conducted at the Electronics Laboratory and in the mushroom cultivation
area of IKM Simbang Maros as a real-case study. The research design used in this study was
experimental research, consisting of two stages: the design and manufacture of the automatic
watering system and the testing and analysis of the system.
Observation and Literature Study
To support the understanding of the desired device's operation, direct observation
surveys were conducted in the surrounding environment. Additionally, a literature review
was conducted on optimal oyster mushroom cultivation processes and automation technology
that can be applied.
Design Techniques
The working algorithm design of the device is presented in Figure 1. The process starts
with the initialization stage, where the microcontroller is active and connected to the internet
server. The DHT22 sensor detects temperature and humidity and displays the data every 2
seconds on the LCD, while updating the data every 15 seconds on the Thingspeak IoT
platform. The pump will be activated if the humidity value is below the predetermined
threshold of 85%, which has been found to be the optimal humidity level for oyster

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mushroom growth based on previous research. Temperature monitoring is also conducted

during the process, but it is not used as a parameter for controlling the mist sprayer.
Figure 2 presents the block diagram of the automatic mist sprayer system for oyster
mushroom cultivation. The system consists of an ESP32 microcontroller to process input and
output components, a DHT22 sensor to read temperature and humidity data, an LCD and
Thingspeak application on a smartphone to display data readings, and a relay to control the
water pump. The water pump is turned on when the humidity level falls below the set
threshold value of 85% and turned off when the humidity level reaches the optimal value for
oyster mushroom growth.

Figure 1. Algorithm program flowchart

Figure 2. Block diagram of the automatic mist sprayer system

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Data Analysis
This research involved tests and analyses, including testing the DHT22 sensor with a
standard measuring tool, testing the performance of the automatic pump based on humidity
conditions, and analyzing the data collected from Thingspeak using R Studio.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Hardware and Software Design
Figure 3 presents a wiring diagram generated by the Fritzing application, which
illustrates the components involved in the system, namely a NodeMCU microcontroller, a
DHT22 sensor, a relay, and a 16x2 I2C LCD. Figure 4 shows the automatic mist sprayer system
for oyster mushroom cultivation, which operates based on the program uploaded to the
microcontroller. The ESP32 processes the input received from the DHT22 sensor and the 12
Volt adapter, which serves as the power source, and produces a 5V output to activate the
components according to the program. This involves triggering the relay to activate the water
pump and using the I2C LCD to display the temperature and humidity conditions.

Figure 3. Wiring diagram of the automatic mist sprayer

Figure 4. Components of the automatic mist sprayer

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Figure 5 displays the installation of the developed device for oyster mushroom cultivation
in IKM Simbang Maros. Meanwhile, Figure 6 shows the real-time monitoring of temperature
and humidity data during the mushroom cultivation process. The data was collected using the
device developed in this study and transmitted to the Thingspeak IoT platform. The figure
displays the online visualization of the data, providing an instant overview of the current
temperature and humidity levels in the cultivation area. This information can be used to
ensure that the environmental conditions remain optimal for oyster mushroom growth.

Figure 5. Installation of the device in mushroom cultivation

Figure 6. Temperature and humidity real-time monitoring using Thingspeak

Testing and Analysis
Table 1 presents the temperature measurement results of the oyster mushroom beds
using the DHT22 sensor validated against the standard STC-3028 measurement tool. The
average measurement error for temperature was found to be 2.08%, indicating an average
accuracy rate of 97.92%. Similarly, Table 2 shows the humidity measurement results using
the DHT22 sensor with validation against the standard STC-3028 measurement tool, with an
average measurement error of 0.41% and an average accuracy rate of 99.59%. These results
demonstrate the reliability of the DHT22 sensor in accurately measuring temperature and
humidity levels in the oyster mushroom beds.
Furthermore, the data presented in Table 3 shows the performance of the automatic
water misting system at the IKM Jamur Simbang Maros. The misting system was found to

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activate only when the humidity level in the mushroom bed was below 85%, while it was
inactive when the humidity was 85% or above. Out of the 10 observations, the pump was
active for 7 times and inactive for 3 times. These results indicate that the misting system was
effective in maintaining the ideal humidity level for oyster mushroom cultivation, thus
increasing the productivity of the cultivation process.
Table 1. Temperature sensor test result

No Time Temperature DHT22 (˚C) Temperature STC-3028(˚C) Error (%) Accuracy(%)

1 00:14 30,0 29,3 2,39 97,61
2 00:15 31,0 30,4 1,97 98,03
3 00:16 29,5 28,9 2,08 97,92
4 00:17 31,1 30,6 1,63 98,37
5 00:18 31,5 30,8 2,27 97,73
6 00:19 30,8 30,3 1,65 98,35
7 00:20 31,1 30,5 1,97 98,03
8 00:21 31,1 30,4 2,30 97,70
9 00:22 30,7 30,0 2,33 97,67
10 00:23 32,8 32,1 2,18 97,82
Average 2,08 97,92
Table 2. Humidity sensor test result

No Time Humidity DHT22 (%) Humidity STC-3028 (%) Error (%) Accuracy(%)
1 00:14 91,1 91,4 0,33 99,67
2 00:15 84,1 84,7 0,71 99,29
3 00:16 87,0 87,4 0,46 99,54
4 00:17 84,1 84,5 0,47 99,53
5 00:18 82,4 82,7 0,36 99,64
6 00:19 82,0 82,5 0,61 99,39
7 00:20 81,7 81,7 0,00 100,00
8 00:21 80,7 80,9 0,25 99,75
9 00:22 87,2 87,8 0,68 99,32
10 00:23 77,8 78,0 0,26 99,74
Average 0,41 99,59

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Table 3. Performance test result

Temperature Control
Test Humidity DHT22 (%) Pump Status
DHT22 (˚C) Validation
1 30,0 91,1 OFF Yes
2 31,0 84,1 ON Yes
3 29,5 87,0 OFF Yes
4 31,1 84,1 ON Yes
5 31,5 82,4 ON Yes
6 30,8 82,0 ON Yes
7 31,1 81,7 ON Yes
8 31,1 80,7 ON Yes
9 30,7 87,2 OFF Yes
10 32,8 77,8 ON Yes

Real-time monitoring and data collection of temperature and humidity using the IoT
Thingspeak platform was conducted for one week, from September 18 to 24, with data
updates recorded every 15 seconds. Subsequently, the data was analyzed using R studio to
collect and observe long-term data to assess the stability of temperature and humidity levels
over an extended period. The collected data were analyzed to evaluate the consistency and
stability of these environmental factors in the oyster mushroom cultivation area.
Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9 present the collected data of temperature, humidity, and
pump status during a 50-minute observation period on September 22, 2022, from 00:07 to
00:57 WITA, at the IKM Jamur Simbang. These figures offer valuable insights into the
correlation between the spray system, humidity levels, and temperature conditions, providing
a comprehensive view of the cultivation environment.
Upon analyzing the data, it is evident that during specific minutes, such as 15, 18, 19, 20,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 48, and 49, the humidity levels in the mushroom bed dropped below the
predefined threshold of 85%. As a result, the pump was triggered to activate and spray the
mushroom bed, ensuring adequate moisture levels for optimal growth.
Additionally, it is worth noting that although the focus of the study primarily revolves
around humidity control, an incidental observation regarding temperature can be made.
During the periods when the spray system was active, a slight decrease in temperature was
observed. This can be attributed to the cooling effect of the water mist, even though the
temperature did not reach the ideal conditions for oyster mushroom growth. This correlation
between the spray system, humidity levels, and the subsequent temperature decrease
highlights the multifaceted effects of the misting process on the mushroom bed's
environmental conditions.

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Figure 7. Temperature data using R Studio

Figure 8. Humidity data using R Studio

Figure 9. Pump status data using R Studio

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CONCLUSION
The study has successfully designed and developed an automatic mist sprayer for oyster
mushroom cultivation using the Thingspeak IoT platform. Real-case testing of the device in
oyster mushroom cultivation at IKM Simbang Maros showed that the device functioned well,
where automatic watering occurred if the humidity value fell below 85%, and the pump
remained inactive when humidity in the mushroom greenhouse reached 85% or more. The
pump was active for 7 out of 10 observations, while it was off for the remaining 3. The data
collected and analyzed through Thingspeak using R Studio showed that the device was able to
stabilize the optimal humidity level required for oyster mushroom growth, as evident from
the data graph history of humidity data. The results suggest that the developed device has the
potential to increase productivity and ease the process of oyster mushroom cultivation.

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