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‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ً ﻟﺪى ﻛﻞ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ وﻣﻬﻨﺪس‬

‫ﺜﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴ ﺔ اﺳ‬
‫ﺒﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻛ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﺮى‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ أو‬‫ﺒﻄ ﺔ‬

‫ﺗ‬‫إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺮاج‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﻟ ﺴﺪود واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟ ﺴﺮﻳﻌ ﺔ واﻷ‬
‫ﺘﻴ ﺔ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺛﻴﺮا ت ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺎرﺗﺄ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣﻊ اﻷﺧﺬ ﻓ ﻲ اﻻﻋ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬‫ﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻬﺎﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳ‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ أت ﻫﻤﻴ ﺔ‬
‫وﻣﺤﻄﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺒﺢ اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﺼ‬

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‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴﻠﺤ ﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫وﻣﻦ أ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺸﻦ(‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ )أر‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧ ﻲ أﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻷر‬‫‪- 1‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬

‫‪-٢‬ورودﻳﻮن آﻟﺮ‬

‫اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﱃ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟ ﺴﻠ‬
‫أوه‪ ،‬ﻛﻼ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺆدي إﱃﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﻃ‬

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‫وﺟﻮد‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1.‬ﻫﻴﺪروﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم‬

‫‪ 2.‬ﻫﻴﺪروﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻷﻟ ﺴﻴﻮم ‪3.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮم‬
‫ﺒﻮ‬‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪12-13‬ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬‫ﺒﻌ ﺔ وﻗﺪﺗﺆدي إﱃ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨ ﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺢ ‪AGM‬ﻣﺸ‬
‫ﺗﺼ‬

‫ﭙ ﺴﻴﻮﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮداﺳ ﺖ‪.‬‬

‫وف اﻟﺪواردﻣﻨﻄﻘﻬ‬

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‫ﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟ‬1 ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
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‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻮن ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧ ﻲ أﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮ‬‫ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺑﻦ و‬
‫ﺘﺄر‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻠ‬
‫ﺒ ﺐ اﻟﻄ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﱃ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ و ﻫﺬاﺳﻴﺰﻳﻞﺳ‬
‫ر بد‬

‫ﺿﺎر‪2+CO2‬‬ ‫‪Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3+H‬‬
‫‪CaCO3+H2O‬‬ ‫)‪ Ca(OH‬ﺿﺎر ‪is2O‬‬
‫‪CaCO3+CO2+H2O=Ca(HCO3)2.‬‬

‫ﺑﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺎ‬
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‫ﺑﺎن إﱃ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒ ﺐ اﻷر‬
‫ﺑﺴ‬‫ﺑﺎن )‪2(OH(Ca‬‬
‫ﻳﺆدي ذو‬

‫ل‬

‫ﺘ ﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل‪ .‬أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪9‬‬

‫ﺒﺢﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒ ﺐ ﻓ ﻲ أنﻳﺼ‬
‫ﺘﺴ‬‫وﻳ‬

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‫ﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ واﻟ ﺴ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت اﻟ ﺴﻠ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﻄ‬
‫ﺘﺮاق و‬
‫ﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﺧ‬
‫ﺒ ﺐ ﻗﺪر‬
‫ﺑﺴ‬‫‪Allerides‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﻮن ﺟﻴﺪا‬

‫‪Fe => Fe2+ + 2e-‬‬

‫)‪FeCl2+2H2O=2HCl + Fe(OH‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬

‫‪-‬اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ اﻷوﻟ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺎﺋ ﻲ أو اﻷﻣﻼح اﻟﻤﻀﺎدة ﻟﻠ‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﺎرﺟ ﻲ ﻣ‬

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‫ﺘﺤﻠﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﺋ ﻲﻷﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن )اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ( إﱃ‬

‫ﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻤﺾ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌ ﻲ ﻧ‬
‫ﻳﺆدي اﻟ‬

‫ﺗ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ اﻟﺬا‬
‫ﺒ ﺐ ﻇﺮوف اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺴ‬‫ﺳﻮفﺗ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎن‪ ،‬ﻫ ﻲ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺮ‬
‫‪ Allerides،‬ﺳﻮاء وﺣﺪ ﻫﺎ أو ﻣﻊ اﻷر‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴﻠﺤ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟ‬

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‫ٓ‬
‫ن‪،‬ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺒ ﺐﺗﺠﺎﻧ ﺲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ واﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻣﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴ‬

‫ٓ‬
‫ﺗﻮردر‬
‫رﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣ ﺴﺎوي ﻧﻔﻮذﻧﻜﺮده ودو ا‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻜﻠﻮر‬

‫ﺒﻌﺾﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮ ب ﻣﻦ‬
‫و‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣ ﻲ‬

‫ٓ‬
‫أ‬
‫ﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻮر ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺘﻘ‬‫ﺗﻴﺰم اﻟﺬيﻳ ﺴ‬
‫اﻟﺮوﻣﺎ‬

‫ٓ‬ ‫ٓ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫أ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺪ و‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪا ﻣ ﻲ‬
‫ﺛﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻜﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮر اﻟ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﻳﻤﺎ‬

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‫ﻋﺎدة ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Fe(OH)2‬ﻫﻴﺪروﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪوز ‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬أﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﺋ ﻲ ‪O2H12FeC‬‬

‫‪-‬اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﻤﺆﻛ ﺴﺪة ﻫ ﻲ ‪4O3Fe‬‬

‫ﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻤﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء واﻷﻳﻮن واﻷﻛ ﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬

‫اه‪،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻛﻞ إﻧ ﺴﺎنﻳﻌ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺎﻳ ﺶ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎنﺗ‬
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‫ﺗﺮا ت‬
‫ﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎ ت ﻫ ﻲ ‪2‬إﱃ ‪4‬أﺿﻌﺎف ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻷوﻟ ﻲﻣﻠﻚ و‬
‫ﺑﺨﻠﻖ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨ‬

‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂﻳﺆدي إﱃﺗﺸﻘﻖ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘ ﺴﺎﻗﻂ واﻟﻄ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺸﺮ واﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ت إﱃ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺎر ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺆدي اﻧ‬

‫ﺒﺢ ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺼ‬

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‫ةوطخلا اﻷوﱃ‪:‬‬

‫ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﻨﺪو ب‬

‫ﺜﻴﺮا‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺎرار ﻟﻴ ﺲ ﻛ‬

‫ﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻋﺪم وﺟﻮدﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻗﺎ‬

‫ﺒ ﺐ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺴ‬‫ﻟﻮن اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ أﺣﻤﺮ‬

‫وﺟﻮد أﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬

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‫ﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣ ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎء ﻓﺎﺳﻜﻮ ‪RP‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻤﺎض‬‫ﺘﺼﺎق اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﻲ‬

‫واﻟ‬

‫أﺣﻤﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺪي‬

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‫ﺜ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺢ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد‬

‫ﻋﲆ‬

‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺒ ﺐ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺴ‬‫ﺘ ﺴﻠﻴﺢ و‬
‫ﻋﲆ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺮ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎض ذا ت اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻷﻛ‬

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‫ﺑﻌ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺮا‬

‫ﺘﻰ ﻫﻨﺎك‬
‫ﺘﻘﺸﺮ ﺣ‬
‫ﺜﻴﻒ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻜ‬

‫ﺘ ﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫آه‪ ،‬اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬

‫ﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫واﻟ‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﺣﺬف أﻣﻼ‬

‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‬

‫ﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺄ‬
‫ﺗﺤ ﺖ اﻟ‬

‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﻮﻧﺎ ت واﻟﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺪا ت‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻵﻟﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠ‬

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‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ ت اﻷوﻟﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ اﻟ‬-‫أ‬

‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎ ت اﻟ‬-‫ب‬

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‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ ت اﻷوﻟﻴ ﺔ‬
‫أ‪ -‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎ ب اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ أﺳ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺮاض‬
‫ﺳ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺬا ااﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻳ‪ -‬ﻫ‬

‫ٓ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎداﻳ ﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ا ه ز زر ز‬
‫ﻳﻖيﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺮاﻗ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ب‬

‫ﺗﻪ ﺷﺪن و‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗﻪ ك‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺔ‬
‫ﺬهﻣﻊ ق ﻛﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌ‬ ‫دن‬
‫ﺒﺎركت ﻫ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫‪-‬ﻫﺎأﺣﺪ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻄﻠ‬

‫ﺘﺼﺎص أﻳﻮن اﻟﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻣ‬

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‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ب‪ -‬اﻟ‬

‫ٓ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ ت اﻷوﻟﻴ ﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺣﺬف‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺜﺮﺗﻔﺼﻴ ﻼ ً ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓ ﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻴ ﺶ أﻛ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ تﺗﻔ‬

‫ﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺿ ﺔ ﻟﻠ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪10‬إﱃ ‪20‬‬‫ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺎ‬

‫ٓ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺮا ﻣﻮردا‬
‫اﺳ‬
‫ﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﻮﻗﻴ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬

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‫اﻟ ﺴﺆال اﻷول اﻟﺬيﻳﻄﺮح ﻧﻔ ﺴﻪ ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﺪﻣﺎر ﻛﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺘﺸﺮة ﻓ ﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ؟‬

‫أم أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨ‬

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‫ﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫‪-‬ار‬

‫ﺘﻮى اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ )أﻓﻘ ﻲ أو أﻓﻘ ﻲ(‬

‫‪-‬ﻣ ﺴ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‪ ،‬اﻟﺦ(‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ )اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺠﻮي‪ ،‬ا‬
‫‪-‬ﺷﺪة اﻟ‬

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‫ٓ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣ ﺔ و‬
‫ﺑ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺮ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋً ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻷﻛ‬
‫ٓ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺒﺼﺮي‬
‫ﺘﻴ ﺶ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻔ‬‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت واﻟ‬
‫‪1-‬اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻄﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮة اﻟ‬
‫‪2-‬اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬‫‪3-‬اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎس أﻳﻮن اﻟﻜﻠﻮر ﻣﻦ‬

‫زﻣﻦو ر‬ ‫‪4-‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮي‬

‫ﺑﻮﻧﺎ ت‬
‫‪5-‬ﻗﻴﺎس ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻜﺮ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫‪6-‬ﻗﻴﺎس ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟ‬
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‫ﺛﻼ ث ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ ت‪:‬‬‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ إﱃ‬

‫ﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ اﻟﺪﻣﺎر اﻟﻨﺎ‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺘﻴﻢ(‬
‫ﺘﻌ‬‫ﺘﻠﻄﻴﺦ واﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﻴﺮ ت اﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ )‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻠﻮن واﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮا‬

‫ﺘﺸﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺾ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ﺴ‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ ﺔ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻛ ﺴﻮرﺳﻄﺤﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻊﺗﻘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺘﺎج إﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﺗﺤ‬

‫ﺜﺎﻓ ﺔ‬
‫‪-‬اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻛ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻠﻮن أو اﻟﻐﻴﻮم‬

‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‪- .‬‬

‫ﺗﻜ ﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺘﺼﻔﻴﺢ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟ‬

‫‪-‬رﻳﺪﺗﻚ ﮔ ﻲ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺂﻛﻞ و‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺘﻮﻃﻮلﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴ‬

‫ﺗ ﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺮض و‬
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‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ أﻳﻮن اﻟﻠﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎ ب وﺟﻮد اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ أﺣﺪ أﺳ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺪﺗﺄﻟﻴ ﺐ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ب‬
‫ﺘﻘﺸﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪأ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺣﺪ اﻷﺳ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻃ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺪ اﻟ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻷر‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪ ث اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺼﺮي‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻴ ﺶ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻔ‬‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺠﺪه ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻤﻰ اﻟﻤﻤﺰﻗ ﺔ‬

‫ي ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ﺻﺎﺋﻎ ذ ﻫ ﺐ‬

‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت(‪.‬‬
‫ﺛ ﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻃ‬
‫) ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇ ﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻻﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة وﻟﻜﻦﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ )اﻟﺤﻔﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﲆ وﺟﻮد‬
‫اﻟ‬

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‫ﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﺮ واﻟ‬
‫ﺜﻞ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﻟ ﺴﻤﺎﻛ ﺔ اﻷﻣ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﻤ ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻬﻤ ﺔ ﺟﺪا ً‬

‫ﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻮل ﻣﻊ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ً‬
‫ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠ ﺴﻤﻚ اﻟﻤﻘ‬

‫‪-‬ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬

‫‪-‬ﻛﻤﻴ ﺔ‬

‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨ ﺖ ‪-‬واﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮ ب ﻓﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺒﻘﺎ ً ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻴﺎر ‪1:1985‬اﻟﺠﺰء‪8110 BS. :‬‬

‫ﺘﻢﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪه ﻃ‬
‫وﻳ‬

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‫ﺘ ﺴﻠﻴﺢ وﻓﻘﺎ ل‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ‪ASTM (1991) 876-91C.‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ اﻻﻧ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺎر ﻧﻈﺮﻳًﺎ ﻟ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻻﺧ‬
‫ﻳﺴ‬

‫ﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺎم‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻦﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺪﻗ ﺔ ﻟﻠ‬

‫ﻣﻠﻚ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺒﻞ ﺷﺨﺺﻳﺪﻋﻰ دﻳﻔﻴﺮ ﻓﺎن‬

‫ﺗﻢﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻪ ﻓ ﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪1975‬ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬

‫آه‪:‬‬

‫ﺑـ ‪CSE‬‬‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪-350‬ﻣﻠﻠ ﻲ ﻓﻮﻟ ﺖ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ‬

‫ﺜﺮﺳﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻞ أﻛ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ذا ت اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺤ‬

‫ﺑـ ‪CSE‬‬‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪-200‬ﻣﻠﻠ ﻲ ﻓﻮﻟ ﺖ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ‬

‫ﺜﺮﺳﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎل ‪95٪‬وأﻛ‬
‫ﻣﻊ اﺣ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎل ‪5٪‬ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﺣ‬

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‫ﺘﻈﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻨ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ‪Al،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل رﺳﻢ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﺤ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺂﻛﻞ ي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀ ﺔ‬
‫م‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن إﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻘﺺ‬
‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ ي‬

‫ﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬيﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ‬
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‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﻋﲆ ﺣﺪة‬

‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻃﻠ ﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﺎ ت ﻣﺨ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎ ب اﻟﺪوار ﻋﲆ ﻛﻤﻴ ﺔ اﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎ ت‬

‫ﺳﻮفﻳﺤﺼﻞ اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﻫﺬا اﻹﺟﺮاء وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺮي ‪IS-12/77‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﻮس ‪1881‬اﻟﺠﺰء ‪124 1988‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ ﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﺤﻤﺾ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫وﻳ‬
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‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ اﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎ ت وﻋﻼﻗ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺪ ﺣﺮج ﻟﻨ ﺴ‬

‫ﺘﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ ﻣﻊﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎ ت‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣ‬‫ﺘﺎج‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻹﻧ‬

‫ﺛ ﺔ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎ ت ﻟـ‬
‫ﺛﻼ‬‫ﺒﻨﺎء )‪)(BRE‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻮ ث اﻟ‬‫ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻣﻌﻬﺪ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﻓ ﻲ‪Ion Aller :‬و‬

‫ﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﺣ‬

‫وزﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ‪0.4%‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎل اﻟ‬‫اﺣ‬

‫ﻓﺎر ذ و‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬‫ﻛﻠﻮروزﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻮر‪ .‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺪل‬

‫وزﻧﺎ ً‪1%‬‬
‫إﱃ‬ ‫إﱃﻣﻌ‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫‪1%‬‬ ‫ﺗﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪1%‬وزﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻮر‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺂﻛﻞﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺜﺮ‬
‫أﻛ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
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‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬‫ﺒﺮ أو ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺨ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس ‪6/81 IP BRE.‬‬

‫‪(1981) -‬‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺮ ب ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻄﺎزج‬

‫ﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮل ﻓ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺮﺟ ﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮن اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة‬

‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻣ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻠﻮﻳ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﺋﺬ‬‫ﺘﻔﻈ ﺖ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻦﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ذﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا اﺣ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ إﱃ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻮردي‬

‫ﺳﻮفﻳ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺎزﺟ ﺔ‪- .‬ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬

‫‪-‬ﻳﻔﻀﻞ اﺳ‬

‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ‪- .‬ﻳﺠ ﺐﺗﻜﺮار‬

‫ﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎ ت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨ‬
‫اﺧ‬

‫ﺛﻼ ث ﻣﺮا ت ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ‪.‬‬‫ﺒﺎر‬

‫ﺘ‬‫اﻻﺧ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻳﺎء‬
‫ﻳﺎء‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰ‬‫‪-1‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴ ﺐ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫‪2-‬اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﻧﺎ ت ﻗﻴﺎس ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻮزن‬

‫‪1.‬ﻛﻮ‬

‫‪2.‬ﻣﺠ ﺴﺎ ت اﻟﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻼل ﻓ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟ ﺴﺮﻋ ﺔ أو اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺎ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ‬
‫ﻛﻠ‬

‫ﻳﺤﺪدون‪.‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ إﻧﻘﺎص اﻟﻮزن‪:‬‬

‫ي‬ ‫ﺒ ﺐﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮه ح‬
‫وزﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴ‬‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴﻠﺤ ﺔ‬
‫ﻻﻳ ﺴ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎ ﺷﮓ ﻫﺎ و‬
‫ري ﻣﻘﺎ ﻣ ﺖ و ي‬

‫ﺘﺎج ﻫﻼك اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬

‫ﺘﻨ‬‫ﺛﻢ اﺳ‬‫ﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺠ ﺴﺎ ت ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺜﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺘﻰ اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﻜﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدن ﺣ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟ‬
‫وﻣﻌﺪا ت ﻗﻴﺎس ﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻼل‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﻟﻼﺳ‬
‫إﻧﻪ ﻗﺎ‬
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺒﺎر اﻟﺮﻗﻤ ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤ ﺴ‬9 ‫ﺷﻌﺮ‬
‫رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‪/‬اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎ‬
‫ﺜﻴﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟ ﻲ واﺳ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪامﻲ‪:‬و‬
‫ﻳﺸﺠﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎرك ﻓ‬
‫ﺳﺬا‬
‫او ﻫ‬

‫ﺘﻘﻄﺎ ب اﻟﺨﻄ ﻲ‬
‫‪A-E‬وﻗ ﺖ اﻻﺳ‬

‫ٓ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ‬
‫ﺘﺮدد ‪ -‬أ‬
‫ﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ‪-‬‬

‫ٓ‬
‫ﺒﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌ ﺐ ﺟﺪا ً إﺟﺮاء ﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﻮر‪.‬‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﺗﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ أﻛ‬
‫ﺘﺎن اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫أﻋﻄﻰ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ٓ‬
‫ﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺬا اﻻﺧ‬‫ﻓوﻗﻲ ﻫ‬

‫ﺘﺮودﻛﻤﻜ ﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﻳﻜﺎﻟﻜـ‬

‫ﺘﺮودﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫‪-‬ﻳﻜﺎﻟﻜـ‬

‫أ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟـ ‪Zeepyin‬و ‪Leta‬واﻟﺬيﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤواﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ‬
‫وﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟ‪-‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫ﻳﺴ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺘﻘﻄﺎ ب اﻟﺨﻄ ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻻﺳ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻴﻚ‪:‬ك‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺷﺠﺎﻟﻔﺎﻧﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎس ‪ECORR‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻂ ا‬
‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﺛﻢﻳ‬ ‫أوﻻ‪،‬ﺔ اﻟﺮاﺟﻌ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻐﺬﻳ‬‫‪KHg‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧﻼ تﻣﻦ‬
‫داﺋﺮة اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ‬
‫ٓ‬
‫ﺗﻮر وردﻣ ﻲ‬
‫راﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﻄ ﺐ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪد ﻋ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺠﻴﻠﻪوﻓﻘﺎ ل ‪A‬‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮا ت‬‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﺘﻰ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻴﺎر ﺣ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎو ب‪،‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎرف‬

‫ﺘﺎﻳﺮﻣ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎد‬
‫ﺑﻬﺪﺳ‬‫ﺘﺸﻮد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﺎل دﻗ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺮﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎهدمٓ‬
‫ﻳﺪدرﺗﻔ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺪﻻ ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺗﻜ ﺐ ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻘ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎﺳﻮف ﻧﺮ‬‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬

‫إﺣﺪى ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺼﻘﻮل‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺣﻠﻘ ﺔ واﻗﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻖ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺬيﻳﺠ ﺐﺗﻄ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
Machine Translated by Google

Ring Guard ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺘﻘﻄﺎ ب اﻟﺨﻄ ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻻﺳ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻴﺎرا ت ﺷﺎردة‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠ ﺐ أنﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻴﺎر‬

‫ﺘﻤﺎل ﻟ‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﺣ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺮف‪.‬‬
‫‪(1991) 1‬اﻟﺠﺰء ‪7361 BS‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﺎر ﻧﻔ ﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒﻴﻌ ﺔ اﻻﺧ‬
‫ﺒﺎر ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﻃ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧ‬‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺗ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎل اﻷﻧﺪﻳﺰ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓ ﻲ ﺟ‬
‫ﻳﻮم آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻤﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺘﻴ ﺶ‬
‫ﺘﻔ‬‫ﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻔ ﺴﻴﺮ ﻧ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺎرا ت ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫وﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻧﻔ ﺴﻪ‪،‬ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﺧ‬

‫ﺜﺮ أ ﻫﻤﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺮ واﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎ ت أﻛ‬
‫ﺒﻪ اﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺒﺎر ﻗﻴﺎس ﺷ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒﺮ اﺧ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳﻌ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻮن‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ر‪S DED‬اﻟﺨﻮف ‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﻮ ﺟﻴﺪ ه‬

‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ إﺻﻼح اﻟ ﺴﻴﺎرا ت‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺪﻣﺎر ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ واﻷﺟﻬﺰة‬

‫ٓ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ت اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﻓ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻞﻛﺎ ﻫﺎد أ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﻜﻞ ‪-‬اﺳ‬ ‫ﺘﻘ ت‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﻘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ا‬
‫زﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﻤ‬

‫‪-‬ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟ ﺴﺮﻳﻌ ﺔ‪ ،‬إدارة ﺣﺮﻛ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‬

‫ﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬاﻳﻌ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔ ﺲ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫أﺣﺪ أ ﻫﻢ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻫﻮ اﻻ ﻫ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ً ﻣﺎﻳﻌ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺪ إﻋﺎدة اﻹﻋﻤﺎر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺎ ت وﻏﺎﻟ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﻳ‬
‫واﻟ‬

‫ٓ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫أﻧﻪﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻜﺎن‬
‫أ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻐﻄﻴﺎ ت‬
‫‪- 1.‬اﻟ‬
‫‪- 2.‬إﺻﻼح اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ )رﻗﻌ ﺔ أردن(‬
‫ﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰا ت‬
‫ﺒﺪال اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫‪- 3.‬اﺳ‬

‫‪-۴‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء اﻟﻜﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ب ‪-‬إﻋﺎدة‬
‫ﺒﻄﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫أ ‪-‬ﻣ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻮﻳ ﺔ أردن )ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴﻠﺤ ﺔ( ج ‪-‬إزاﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن )ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻬﻴﺠ ﺔ( د ‪-‬اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎدة ﻟﻸﻛ ﺴﺪة‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺷﺪة اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬

‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﺤ ﺴﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒ‬‫ﺑﻤ ﺴ‬‫ﺘﻠﻮ ث‬
‫ﺘﻌﺮﻳ ﺐ أو اﻟ‬
‫‪-‬درﺟ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎ ت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬاﻳﻌ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻟﻺﺻﻼﺣﺎ ت ﻃﻮﻳﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺪى ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آه‪:‬‬

‫‪- 1‬ﻗﺸﺎري‬
‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت‬
‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت اﻟﻄ‬
‫‪- 2‬ﻃ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘ ﻲ أو اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻼط اﻷﺳﻤﻨ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬

‫ﻷولاﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎدةﺳﻠﻴﻤ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻒ ا‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎدة‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻰ اﺳ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺳ‬

‫ﺒ ﺐ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺪو ثﺗﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺴ‬‫ﺑ ﺴﺮﻋ ﺔ و‬‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎدة ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺪأ اﻹﺻﻼح ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ت‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﺎ‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﺰي ﻣﺼﺤﺢ‬

‫ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻮﻋﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺪون ﺣﺬف ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬

‫ﺑﻖ ﻟ ﻲ‬‫ﺒﺸﺪه‬
‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﺗﻢ إﺻﻼﺣﻪ‬

‫ﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‪.‬‬

Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﻮﻳﻼ ت ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻷﻓﻴﻮﻧﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ أﻣﻴﻨﻮأر‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻴ ﺲ ورﻳ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻄﻮن )ﻋﺪي وأﻧﺪي (‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺸﺮون ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﻣ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎر ‪.‬‬‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ‬

‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ ﺔﺗ ﺴ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺎج‬
‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ ذرﻳ ﺔ ﻋﲆﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻹﻧ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻃ‬
‫ﺗ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ وﻋﻴﻮ ب‬

‫ﺒﻄﺎ ت ﻣﺸ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄ ﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟ ﺴﻠ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻐﺎر‬
‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﻹزاﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺤﻔﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎكﻳﻘﻮم آه اﻟﻠﻴﺮ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﺪا‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪r‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷﺤﻨ ﺔﺳﺎﻟ‬ ‫‪Aller‬ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻮر‬‫ﻷن اﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮل‬

‫وﻧﺤﻮﺶ ﻣﺰﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒ ﺖ ﻣﺆﻗ ً‬
‫ﺘﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﺘ ﻲﻣ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم ﻓ ﻲ ﻏﻼف أﺳﻤﻨ‬
‫ﺘﻴ‬‫ﺒﻜﺎ ت ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫م ه ﻧﻜﺎي ﻣ ﺲ ) آه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ س ا ت ب ع ا ث يﺗﺸﺪ د ور خ دﮔ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ و ش ﻧﺪ(‬

‫تاك ب ش ﻓﻮﻻذﻳ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎء اﻻﺳ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺎ ث ﻏﺎز اﻟﻠﻴﺮ آه أ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻨ ﺐ اﻧ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟ ﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻣﺎء‬

‫ﺒﺪو أﻧﻪﺗﻢ ﺣﺬﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳ‬
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺜﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺛﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺎم إزاﻟ ﺔ إﻧﺬار ﻣﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎء ﻓ ﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام أر‬
‫ﺗﺠﻨ ﺐ اﺳ‬

‫‪Na2CO3 + CO2 + H20 2NaHCO3‬‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫‪Arden Aller‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻹزاﻟ ﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎ‬

‫ﺒﻜ ﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم ﺷ‬
‫ﺘﻴ‬‫ﺒﻜ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺷ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬

‫ﺑﻮﻧﺎ ت اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺜﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻮرة‪ ،‬ﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ‪2CO‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺤ ﺴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬

‫وﻧﻔﺎذﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻣﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ةدايز اﻟﻘﻮة‬

‫و‪...‬‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺤﻤﺾ‬
‫ﺘ ﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺪﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ‬‫ﻫﻨﺎﻳﻌ‬
‫آا ﻫﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺒ ﺐ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺴ‬‫ﺘ ﺴﻠﻴﺢ‪/‬اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺮك ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻳﻮن‬

‫ﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻴﺮة وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺸﺤﻨ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ‬‫‪OH‬زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳ ﺔ واﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎ ت ‪Aller‬‬

‫أﻧﺎﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤ ﺖ آﻧﺪ م اه ﺟﺮا ﻣ ﻲ‬‫و‬

‫ﺘﻬ ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ‪PH‬‬ ‫‪allrids‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ‪،‬ﺗﺰداد ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻋﻄﻴﺪي دا ً‬ ‫إزاﻟوﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬه‬
‫ﺘﺪاد‬
‫ﻋﲆ اﻣ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺆدي ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺪا ث إﱃ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‪:‬‬

‫ٓ‬
‫اﻧﺪا ﻫﺎ‪-‬‬
‫ن‬

‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤ‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ٓ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ن‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺤﻤ ﻲ واﻟ‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻋﺎدة ﻋﲆ‪- 1 :‬‬

‫ﺘﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺮاﻗ‬
‫‪-‬ﻳﺸ‬

‫ﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪- 2‬ﻣﻨ‬
‫أﻗﻄﺎ ب ﻛﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺮي ن‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ وإﺷﺎرا ت ﻣﺮاﻗ‬
‫‪-٣‬‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬‫ﻫﺬا اﻷﻧﻮد ﻟﺪﻳﻪ اﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﻓ ﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮكﻳﺤﻤ ﻲ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻧﻮد‬‫ﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺋ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﻜﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻻ‬
‫ﺒﻴ ﺖ ﻫﺬا اﻷﻧﻮد‪،‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫‪Ah‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼلﺗ‬ ‫ﺒﻐ ﻲ أنﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
‫وﻳﻨ‬

‫ﺘ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺜ‬‫إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﻴ ﺔ وﻣ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻷﻧﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة أﺟﺰاء‪:‬‬

‫ﻳ‬

‫‪- 1‬ﺷﺮﻳﺤ ﺔ رﻗﻴﻘ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻧﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻴﻨﻴ ﺔ ﺣ ﺴﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻻﺻﻘ ﺔ ﺟﻴﻼ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺻﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻦ أﻳﻮﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺒﻘ‬‫‪-‬ﻃ‬

‫‪-3‬رو ش‬

‫ﻲ‪ :‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ‬
‫دور ت ﻧ‬
‫ي ژﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄ ﺐ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺘاﻹﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﺮوﻟﻴ ﺖ‬ ‫أواﻟ‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄ ﺐ‬‫ﺘﺼﺎق اﻟﻼزم‬

‫ﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﺐ و ب ‪-‬‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺖ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻰ اﻟ‬
‫دور اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻈﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻷﻧﻮد ﺣ‬

‫ﻫﻢ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺆوﻟﻮن ﻋﻦ‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫أﻧﻮد اﻟﺰﻧﻚ ﻫﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤ ﺴﺎس ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫رويﺗﻤ ﺖ إزاﻟ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢﻳﺪوﻳًﺎ‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺖ‪،‬‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﻳﻞوﻗروﺖ اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻮ ﻲ‬
‫و ﻓ‬
‫ﺘﻮى‬
‫ﻣﺴ‬

‫ﺒﻪ ﻧﻈﻴ ًﻔﺎ و‬

‫ﺑﺪون ﻏﻄﺎء ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻢﺗﺮﻛﻴ‬
‫ﻳ‬
Machine Translated by Google

ٓ
‫ﻧﺪﻳﺮﺳﺎزح‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻜﻨﺼ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬‫ﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺆوﻟ ﺔ ﻋﻦﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻷﻧﻮد‬

‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻼ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﺗﻜﻮن ﻃ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬

‫ﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام أﺳﻼك اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻷﻧﻮد‬
‫وﻳ‬

‫ﺜﻞ ‪2+ Ca -، OH +، Na -، Cl in‬‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣ‬‫ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﺤﻨ ﺔ‬

‫ﺧﻼل‬

‫ﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺋ ﻲ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎء )اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ ‪+‬اﻟﺠﻴﻼ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻞ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦﺔاﻷﻧﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ درﺟ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬
‫ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺘﺎجﻳ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫وﻋﻀﻮ اﻹﻧ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻸﻧﻮد ﻣﻊ اﻟﺪ ﻫﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻮاﻗﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﻤ ﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺮﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﻮدا ت ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟ ﺐ ﻟﻺﺻﻼح واﻟ‬‫ﻳﺗ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻮﻟﻮن‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﺎدة ﻋﲆ ﺻﻴﻐ ﺔﺳﺮﻳ ﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﻮدا ت ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻼطﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺛﻴﺮه ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺄ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴ ﺐ اﻷﻧﻮد ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ و‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻄﻮا‬
‫ﺒﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻧ ﻲ اﻟ ﺴﻜﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫اﻟﺠ ﺴﻮر‬

‫ﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﻲ ه‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴ ﺔ اه ﻓ‬
‫ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻴو‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻳﻖ‬ ‫آﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣ‬‫ﻃﺮ ﻫ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻋﺪة أﺟﺰاء‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﲆﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺘﻮي‬
‫وﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻢ‬‫واه‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪاﻷﻧﺪﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎل‬‫ﻏﻤﺪ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻳآه‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺒﻜ ﺔ اﻟﺰﻧﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺸ‬‫اﻟﻤﺰود‬CP ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﻧﻮد‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺮﻛﻴ ﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺎﺣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻔ ﺔ ﺻ‬

‫ﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎ ت ﻫ ﻲ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻧ ﻲ داه إﻋﺎدة‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻻﺣ‬

‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠ ﺔ اﻷﻣﺪ‬

‫ﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻮع اﻟ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟ ﺐﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎ ت اﻟﺠ ﺴﻮر اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء‬

Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺤﺎﻟ ﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﻧﻮد‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﻧﻮد‬
‫ﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎ ت‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ واﻟ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪا ت اﻟﻤﺮاﻗ‬
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺜﺮ اﺳ‬
‫ﺜﺎل واﺣﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻷﻛ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫وﻓﻖ‬

‫ﻳﻨﺺﻧﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎر ‪EN 12696-1‬ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪-720‬ﻣﻠﻠ ﻲ ﻓﻮﻟ ﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة إﱃ ‪KCl‬‬ ‫‪PTC‬ت دﻣﻌﻄﻠ ﺔ أﻛ‬

‫ﺜﺮﺳﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎ‬

‫‪AgIAgCl/0.5M‬‬

‫ﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻄﺎ ب ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺪ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف ﻓ ﻲ اﻷﻣﻴ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ‪100‬ﻣﻠ ﻲ ﻓﻮﻟ ﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳ‬
‫‪24‬ﺳﺎﻋ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ وﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ وﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‬

‫ﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪20‬ﺳﻨ ﺔ(‬

‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ )ﻋﺎدة أﻛ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻸﻧﻮد‬
‫ةحاسم ﺳﻄﺤﻴ ﺔ ﻛ‬

‫ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫و ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ دور اﻷﻧﻮد‬

‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠ ﺔ )اﻟﻄ‬
‫آﻧﺪ(‬

‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ(‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨ‬
‫اﻷﻧﻮدا ت اﻟﻐﺰﻳﺮة )‬

‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄ‬‫ﺘﻀﺤﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰأﻳﻦ‪1- :‬‬

‫ﺗ‬‫و‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳ ﺔ‬‫‪- 2‬أﻧﻮدا ت‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻮدا ت اﻷوﻟﻴ ﺔ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫آﻧﺪ و‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎ لﻳﻚ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻧﺠﻴ ﺐ س ا ت‬ ‫ا ﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻧﻮي ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻷﻧﻮد اﻟ‬
‫أ‪ -‬ﻣﻼﻃﻨﺎ‬
‫ب ‪-‬اﻷﺳﻔﻠ ﺖ أو ﻟﻮن واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮا ت اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻮن أو اﻟ‬
‫ج ‪-‬ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎ ت اﻟﻜﺮ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن‪.‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ أول ﻧﻈﺎم أﻧﻮد ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﺘﻢ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﻔﻠ ﺖ ﻣﻮﺻ ﻼ ً‬

‫ﺑﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎ ت اﻟﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬

‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎ ت اﻷﻧﻮدا ت اﻷوﻟﻴ ﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1.‬ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ‪300‬ﻣﻢ ‪– 2.‬ﺳﻤﺎﻛ ﺔ ‪10‬ﻣﻢ‬

‫ﺘ ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻧﻮي ﻫﻮ اﻟﺮﺻﻒ اﻷﺳﻔﻠ‬
‫دونألا اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺘﻈﺎم اﻟ‬
‫اﻧ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﲆ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻷﻓﻘﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻨﻄ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻼﺳ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ دﻋﺎﻣﺎ ت‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻢ ر‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬

‫ﺑﻞ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻴ‬‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ إﺿﺎﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‪،‬ﻳ‬

‫ﺘ ﻲ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺳﻔﻠ ﺖ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ أو ﻣﻼط أﺳﻤﻨ‬‫ﺒﻜ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻠﻜﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﻐﻄﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺸ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻼﺳ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ‬‫ﺗﺼﺎل‬
‫اﻻ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻞ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎل ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎ‬
‫اﻻ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم إﺿﺎﻓﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم إﺿﺎﻓﻴ ﺔ ﺷﺮاﺋﺢﺗﻴ‬
‫أردن ﺷﺮاﺋﻂﺗﻴ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ أردن ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻔﻠ ﺖ أو اﻟﻤﻼط اﻷﺳﻤﻨ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻮاﻟ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺻ ﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮمﻳ ﺴﺎوي ‪0.5‬و‪50.0‬‬
‫ﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ‬
‫وﻋﺮض‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺲ وﻳ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫‪3.4‬اﻟﻤﻘ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺻ ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻣﺞﻲ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻂ )ﺣﻮاﻟ‬
‫إﻧﻪاﻟﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺻ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﻜﻪ ﺣﻮاﻟ ﻲ ‪16.3‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟ ﻲ ‪13‬ﺳﻢ‬‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﻂ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻞ اﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳ ﻲ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻞ ‪AWG 12‬ﻣﻊ ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻜﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ﻛﺎ‬‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺮ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﺎن‬
‫ﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬‫ﺘﺼﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎءﻳ‬
‫وﻣ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﻧﻈﺎم آﻧﺪي‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻷﻧﻮدا ت‬

Machine Translated by Google

‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﺟﺎ ﻫﺰ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم اﻷﺻﻠ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻴ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴ ﺐ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺑﻴﻞ اﻷﺻﻠ ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﻟﺤﺎم إﱃ ﻫﺎ‬
Machine Translated by Google

Epoasi ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺎﺋ ﻲ‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺒﺎره اﻷﻧﻮد اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋ‬‫ﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫ﺘﺄﺳﻴ ﺲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻮﺻﻠ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫اﺳ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬

‫اﻷﻧﻮد اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺒﻼ‬‫ﺘﻠﻂ‪/‬ﻣﻌﺪن ﺣﻤﻀ ﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻼء‪ :‬أ‪-‬اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﺎس أو اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻤﺨ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم‬
‫ﺘﻴ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬‫ﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻼ‬‫ب ‪-‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻢ‬
‫ج –ﻧﻴﻮ‬

‫ﺜﺎﻧﻮي‪:‬‬
‫اﻷﻧﻮد اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻊ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎ ت اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴ ﺖ( ﺑﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬

‫ﻃﻼء ﻣﻮﺻﻞ )ﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﻣﻊ ﻃﻼء ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬Arden Ande ‫رﺳﻢﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄ ﻲ ﻟ ﺴﻄﺢ‬

‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﺢ اﻷﻓﻘﻴ ﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳ‬

‫ﺘﺮاﺿ ﻲ ‪10‬ﺳﻨﻮا ت‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻻﻓ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻟﻸﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻼﻣ ﺴ ﺔ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺤ ﺔ ﻟﻼﺳ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻋﻴﻮ ب‬
‫ﺑﺮد و‬
‫ﺘ ﻲ آار‬
‫راﺣ‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻮد إﱃ اﻷﻧﻮد‬

‫ﻧﺴ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺴﻤﺎﻛ ﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟ ﻲ ‪200‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺷﻮﺷ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻃﻼء‬

‫ﺘﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣ‬

‫يمس ﻣﻀﺤﻴﺎ ًﻷﻧﻪ ﻻﻳﺤ‬

‫ﺘﺎج إﱃ ﻣﺼﺪر‪.‬‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫رذاذ اﻟﺸﻌﻠ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻈﺎم ورﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻧ‬‫ﺗ ﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﻢ ﻗﺮاءة و‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺪة ﻋﺸﺮ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻟﻤﺪة ‪7‬أﻳﺎمﺗ‬
‫ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻟﺠﻮﻳ ﺔ ﺧﻼل ‪4‬إﱃ ‪5‬أﻳﺎم‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬‫ﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺄ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲ ﻻﺗ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟ‬
‫أوﻻً‪،‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻄﺎ‬
‫ﺛﻴﺮ اﺳ‬
‫ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎكﺗﺄ‬

‫ﺘﻐﺮق اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ ‪7‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﺌﻴ ﺔ )‪(Zone Splash‬ﻗﺪﻳ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬‫ﺛﺮة‬
‫ﺘﺄ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤ‬
‫أﻳﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻊ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﻤﺎن ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة إﱃ‬

‫ﺘﻘﻄﺎ ب ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟ ﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻄﺎ ب اﻻﺳ‬
‫رﻏﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﺳ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﻛ‬
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google