3- Press-Connect Joints
Solution:
1. First we calculate a for the shaft and hub:
𝑑𝑖 30
𝑎1 = = = 0.5
{ 𝑑 60
𝑑 60
𝑎2 = = = 0.4
𝐷 150
2. In Figure 3-4, from the lower vertical axis, we select 𝑅𝑒 = 550 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and go right to cross the curve of 𝑎 = 0.5. We select the higher
value (𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟓) as reference. Because the higher the ratio the
weaker the element.
3. Then we go up to reach the curve of k0 = 0.33 that we obtained in
Example 3-1.
4. From that point we go left to cross the curve of d = 60 mm and then
down to obtain:
∆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 180 𝜇𝑚
Thus, the value of the clearance should not exceed 180 µm.
Table 3-1: yield strength of some material (Decker & Kabus, 2013)
Case
Heat treated
hardened
Material St37 E295 C35 E335 Ck45 34CrMo4 25crMo4 34CrMo4 42CrMo4 50CrMo4 20MnCr5
Re (MPa) 215 255 270 315 305 550 450 550 650 700 550
17
3- Press-Connect Joints
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Figure 3-4: graphs representing the relationship between stress and
interference
Note for engineers:
On the right horizontal axis of Figure 3-4, there is a parameter “k” that
shows the pressure on the joint surfaces. This permissible pressure should
not exceed 200-250 MPa in steels, 20-50 MPa in cast irons, and 10-20
MPa in aluminums.
18
3- Press-Connect Joints
3.2.3 Standard interference
The interference is usually selected from standard values. For this purpose,
Figure 3-5 can be used. The interference should be selected so that its limits
(minimum and maximum values) are between calculated (or estimated)
ones. The following example illustrates the procedure.
Example 3-3: specify the standard interference for the press-fit joint of
Example 3-1 and Example 3-2 in which ∆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 10 𝜇𝑚 and ∆𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
180 𝜇𝑚.
Solution:
We should choose a tolerance that the minimum and maximum values lie
between 10 and 180 μm. The closer to the maximum allowable value,
(∆max = 180 μm), the better.
1. From Figure 3-5, we select the H7/x6 tolerance arbitrarily. In both
sections (right and left), we choose the diameter of d = 60 mm, on
the horizontal axis and go up to intersect the curve related to H7/x6;
then, go to the left to achieve the minimum and maximum
interference. The following values are obtained:
∆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 85 𝜇𝑚
∆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 132 𝜇𝑚
Since the values are between the minimum and maximum
interference values estimated in Example 3-1 and Example 3-2,
respectively, the selected standard is an appropriate choice.
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3- Press-Connect Joints
2. If we select H7/z6, that the maximum and minimum values can be:
∆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 130 𝜇𝑚
∆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 175 𝜇𝑚
As these values lie between the estimated ∆min and ∆max , this
standard (H7/z6) is also a proper choice.
The maximum interference of H7/z6 (∆max = 175 μm) is closer to
the estimated one (∆max = 180 μm). On the other hand, due to the Rz
roughness error in the manufacturing process, we think that the
H7/z6 type is more suitable and reliable. Therefore, our choice is
H7/z6 type
The average of ∆min and ∆max for H7/z6 is about:
∆𝑚𝑎𝑥 + ∆𝑚𝑖𝑛 175 + 130
∆𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = ≈ 150 𝜇𝑚
2 2
Now, we find the average torque-transmitting capacity of our design using
∆𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 150 𝜇𝑚.
3. Refer to Figure 3-3 and choose ∆𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 150 𝜇𝑚, go up to intersect
k0 = 0.33, then go left to intersect d = 60 mm and go down. The
corresponding average torque-transmitting capacity is:
𝑇 = 600 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚
Thus according to Example 3-1, Example 3-2 and Example 3-3, the
final results are:
𝑑 = 60 𝑚𝑚
𝑙 ≥ 𝑑 = 60 𝑚𝑚
The interference: H7/z6
20
3- Press-Connect Joints
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Search “Majid Yaghoubi” in Amazon book
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Figure 3-5: graphs for selecting standard interference
3.2.4 Heating elements for the assembly
For connecting the shaft and hub, instead of applying axial forces, making
difference between their temperatures is often used. Mostly the hub is
warmed up or the shaft is cooled down. To specify the temperature
difference (∆t), Figure 3-6 can be applied, as shown in Example 3-4.
Example 3-4: consider the press-fit joint of Example 3-3 in which the
tolerance is H7/z6 with ∆max = 175 μm. Determine the temperature of hub
so that the assembly can be made without any force. Temperature of the
shaft is 20 ºC.
Solution:
1. On horizontal axis of Figure 3-6, we find ∆max = 175 μm, go up to
reach the curve of d = 60 mm, and then go left to cross the vertical
axis. The corresponding temperature difference is:
∆𝑡 = 260 °𝐶
21
