0.

UNIT: Powers and Exponents

Name:
_________________________________

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 Lesson 1 – What is a Power?

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5
 Altogether, 52 is a __________________________.

 To the power of 2 is also called _________________________.

 To the power of 3 is also called _________________________.

Example: Area

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 Four Squared = 42 = 16

Example: Volume

 Two cubed = =8
2

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Repeated Multiplication

Power Base Exponent Expanded (repeated Standard

multiplication) Form

25 2 5 2x2x2x2x2 32

36
4x4x4x4

(-4)5

-45

(-3)4

-34

-(-2)2

Note: On the Calculator:

36 → 3 yx 6 = 729

Or 3 ^ 6 = 729

Or 3 xy 6 = 729

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 Lesson 2 – Powers and Negatives

Important Details:
(-2)4 = (-2) x (-2) x (-2) x (-2) = 16
-24 = -(2 x 2 x 2 x 2) = -16
-(-2)4 = -[(-2) x (-2) x (-2) x (-2)] = -[16] = -16
Try these:
a) (-3)3 =

b) -43 =

c) -(-5)3 =

Master 2.10a Step-by-Step 1

Lesson 2.1

Step 1 For each power, draw a line under its base and circle its exponent:
43 –43 –(–4) 3 (–4) 3

Step 2 Complete this table.

Circle the products that are positive. Underline the products that are negative.

Power Repeated Multiplication Product in Standard Form

43 _____ × _____ × _____
–43 –_____ × _____ × _____
–(–4) 3 –(_____) × (_____) × (_____)
(–4) 3 (_____) × (_____)× (______)

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Step 3: Explain why the circled products are positive:_________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Explain why the underlined products are negative:____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Step 4 Complete this table.

Circle the products that are positive. Underline the products that are negative.

Powe Repeated Multiplication Product in Standard Form

r
42 _____ × _____
–42 –_____ × _____
–(–4) 2 –(_____) × (_____)
(–4) 2 (_____) × (_____)

Step 5 Explain why the circled products are positive:_______________________________

___________________________________________________________________
Explain why the underlined products are negative:___________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Step 6 Write another set of powers like those in Steps 2 and 4:

Step 7 Explain how you know if a product will be positive or negative before you write
it in standard form.

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Lesson 2.2

Step 1 Choose a negative integer and write it in brackets:___________________________

Step 2 Use your integer to complete this table:

Exponen Power Repeated Multiplication Standard

t Form
5 (_____)5 (_____)(_____)(_____)(_____)(_____)
4 (_____)4 (_____)(_____)(_____)(_____)
3
2
1
0
Step 3 Describe the pattern in the exponents. _____________________________________

Step 4 Describe the pattern in the repeated multiplication.___________________________

Step 5 Describe the pattern in the signs when the powers are written in standard form.
___________________________________________________________________

Step 6 What do you do to the first number written in standard form to get the number
below it? Write this as a number sentence._________________________________

Step 7 Write a number sentence to show what you do to each number written in standard
form to get the number below it. _________________________________________

Step 8 Explain how the number sentences in Step 7 show that a power with an exponent of
0 is equal to 1.________________________________________________________

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Try on your own:
Power Base Exponent Repeated Standard
Multiplication Form
73

6 5

4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4x 4

21

-6 2

(-4)3

-34

-(-5)(-5)(-5)(-5)

(-7)5

6x6x6x6x6

Video Explanation

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Extra Practice 2.1

What Is a Power?

1. Identify the base of each power.

a) 63 b) 27 c) (–5)4 d) –70

2. Use repeated multiplication to show why 35 is not the same as 53.

3. Complete this table.

Power Base Exponent Repeated Multiplication Standard Form

44
(–10)3
–6 2
1×1×1×1×1

4. Write each product as a power, then evaluate.

a) 6 × 6 b) 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
c) 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 d) –(8 × 8 × 8)
e) (–8)(–8)(–8) f) –(–8)(–8)(–8)

5. Write each power as repeated multiplication, then evaluate.

a) 75 b) 46 c) –93 d) (–5)5

6. Evaluate each power. For each power:

• Are the brackets needed?
• If your answer is yes, what purpose do the brackets serve?
a) (–6)5 b) –(6)5 c) –(–6)5 d) (–65)

7. Predict whether each answer is positive or negative, then evaluate.

a) (–3)2 b) (–3)3 c) –32 d) –(–3)3

8. Is the value of –24 different from the value of (–2)4? Explain.

9. Stamps are sold in a 10 by 10 sheet. The total value of a sheet of stamps is $60.00.
a) Express the number of stamps as a power and in standard form.
b) Use grid paper. Draw a picture to represent this power.
c) What is the value of one stamp?

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 Lesson 3 - Powers of Ten
Write the following as a power of TEN.

a) 10 x 10 x 10 = 103 = 1000
Expanded form exponential form standard form

b) 100 000 =

c) 10 000 000 =

d) 10 =

e) 1 =

Write the following in expanded and standard form

a) 1012 = =

b) 104 = =

Writing numbers in expanded form

Example: 642
600 40 2
So we write: 642 = 600 + 40 + 2
= (6 x _____) + (4 x _____) + (2 x ____)
= (6 x _____) + (4 x _____) + (2 x ____)

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Try these!
a) 7 000 000

b) 403 876

c) 59 023

Write each number in standard form

Examples:
a) 9 x 104

b) (3 x 104) + (6 x 103) + (4 x 102) + (5 x 101) + (2 x 100)

c) (7 x 103) + (9 x 101)

d) 2 x 100

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 Powers of Ten Practice

1. Write one hundred million as a power of 10.

2. Write in standard form.

3. Write in standard form.

4. Which number is the greatest?

a. = _________________
b. 5645
c. = ____________________
d. 5780

5. Evaluate: 107 = _______________________

6. Write 4865 using powers of 10.

7. Write in standard form. ________________________

8. Write 805 076 using powers of 10.

9. Write in standard form.

10. Write the product of ten thousand times one thousand as a

power of 10.

11. Write + in standard form. _____________

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12. Which number, or 4 400 400, is
greater?

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 Lesson 4 - Zero Exponent

Find the pattern

Number in Words Standard Form Power

One billion 1 000 000 000 109

One hundred million 100 000 000 108

Ten million 10 000 000 107

One million 1 000 000 106

One hundred
100 000
thousand
Ten thousand 10 000

One thousand 1 000

One hundred 100

Ten 10

One 1

*** Any number with an exponent of ZERO is equal to 1 ***

Examples:
a) 160 = 1 b) 127 8760 =

c) 10 = d) (-37)0 =

e) (1 + 35 -7)0 =

***BUT… -20 = -1 (-2)0 = 1

What is the difference?

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Zero Exponent Practice:

1. Evaluate: = ___________________
2. Evaluate: = ___________________
3. Evaluate: = ___________________
4. Evaluate: = ____________________
5. Write 1 as a power in three different ways. _____________ _____________ ________________
6. Write 1 as a power in three different ways. _______________ _______________ ______________

Step-by-Step 3

Step 1 What is the value of a power with an exponent of 0?_______________________________

Use this answer to write the value of (30 + 9 × 11 ÷ 3)0 without simplifying any terms
inside the brackets.__________________________________________________________

Step 2 Is the product (–3 × 6) positive or negative?______________________________________

How do you know?_________________________________________________________
Is the value of (–3 × 6) + 42 greater than or less than 1?_____________________________
How do you know?_________________________________________________________

Step 3 Without calculating, is the value of 1 + (1 ÷ 1)2 + 10 greater than or less than 1?_________
_________________________________________________________________________
How do you know?_________________________________________________________

Step 4 Based on your results in Steps 1 to 3, predict which expression has a value closest to zero.
_________________________________________________________________________

Step 5 Verify your prediction by evaluating each expression.

(30 + 9 × 11 ÷ 3)0 =_________________________________________________________
(–3 × 6) + 42 =_____________________________________________________________
1 + (1 ÷ 1)2 + 10 =__________________________________________________________

Step 6 Which expression has a value closest to 0?_______________________________________

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 Lesson 5 – Solving Expressions with Exponents
Remember B E D M A S ??

B brackets ( )
E exponents
2+ 3
D division ÷ or / or 7

M multiplication ×
A addition +
S subtraction –

Steps: Evaluate the expression in brackets first.

Evaluate the powers
Multiply and Divide, in order, from left to right
Add and subtract, in order, from left to right
ALWAYS show all of your work!!
Examples:
a) 3−24 d) (52 +32 )2

b) (3−2)4 e) (15 +153 )2

c) (2−3)4 f) (52 +32 )2

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Try these!
a) (27 ÷ 32 + 1)4 – 22

b) 52−(12 ÷ (−3 ))3

c) (8 ÷ 22 +1)3 −35

3
5
d) (23−31)

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 Order of Operations Practice Questions

1. Evaluate.

a) 52 + 3 b) 52 – 3 c) 5 + 32 d) 5 – 32

e) (5 + 3)2 f) (5 – 3)2 g) 52 + 32 h) 52 – 32

2. Evaluate.

a) 43 × 2 b) 43 ÷ 2 c) 4 × 23 d) 4 ÷ 23

e) (4 × 2)3 f) (4 ÷ 2)3 g) 43 × 23 h) 43 ÷ 23

3. Evaluate.

a) (18 ÷ 32 + 1)4 – 42 b) 33 ÷ 9(30 – 22) c) (122 + 53)0 – 2[(–3)3]

d) (7 – 5)3 × (8 + 2)4 e) (42 × 15)2 f) [(–3)4 – (–2)3]0 ÷ [(–4)3 – (–3)2]0

4. Insert brackets to make each statement true.

a) 15 ÷ 3 + 2 × 42 – 5 = 43 b) 15 ÷ 3 + 2 × 42 – 5 = 27

c) 15 ÷ 3 + 2 × 42 – 5 = 107 d) 15 ÷ 3 + 2 × 42 – 5 = 32

5. Write each number using powers of 10.

a) 35126 b) 5891 c) 213 d) 1056 e) 2304

6. Aftab, Shane, and Kyra got different answers when they evaluated this expression:
(–4)2 – 3[(–9) ÷ 3]2 Aftab’s answer was 97, Shane’s answer was 43, and Kyra’s answer was 19.

a) Show the correct solution.

b) Show and explain how each student got the wrong answer.

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 ANSWERS (previous page):
1. a) 28, b) 22, c) 14, d) – 4 , e) 64, f) 4 , g) 34, h) 16 4. a) (3 + 2), b) (42 – 5) , c) (15 ÷ 3 + 2) d) (15 ÷ 3)

2. a) 128, b) 32, c) 32, d) 0.5, e) 512, f) 8, g) 512, h) 8 5. a) (3 x 104)+(5 x 103) +(1 x 102) +(2 x 101) +(6 x 100)

3. a) 65, b) – 9, c) 53, d) 80 000, e) 256, f) 1 b) (5 x 103) +(8 x 102) +(9 x 101) +(1 x 100)

6. a) 11 c) (2 x 102) +(1 x 101) +(3 x 100)

d) (2 x 103) +(3 x 102) +(4 x 100)

Order of Operations Extra Practice

1. State which operation you would do first to evaluate .

2. State which operation you would do first to evaluate .

3. Evaluate:

4. Evaluate:

5. Identify, then correct, any errors in the work below.

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 6. Evaluate.

a)

b)

c)

What do you notice about the answers?

7. Evaluate:

8. Evaluate each expression. Which expression has a value closer to 0?

a)

b)

9. Evaluate:

10. Evaluate:

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 11. State which operation you would do first to evaluate .

12. Evaluate:

13. Evaluate:

14. Evaluate:

15. Evaluate:

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 Order of Operations Extra Practice
Answer

1. Square -4
2. Divide 10 by -2
3. 252
4. 820
5. Error: The solution does not follow the order of operations. Do not add 4 + 5 before evaluating brackets,
evaluating exponents, or multiplying.

Correction:

6. a)
b)
c)
The answers are all 64.
7. -5
8. a)
b)
The value of the expression in part a is closer to 0.
9. –32
10. 324
11. Square 6
12. 7749
13. 35
14. –34
15. 57
 Lesson 6 – Exponent Law I:

Product Law
Multiplying Powers:
Evaluate the following:
a) 53 × 54 b) 57

c) 47 × 42 d) 4 9

*** The Product Rule for Powers ***

*** When multiplying powers with the same base, the
answer is the ________ with the exponents _________________.

General Rule: xm × xn = xm+n

53 × 54 = 5 ______
=5 __
47× 42 = 4 _______
=4 __

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Proof: Expand 53 x 54 =

Examples: Simplify using the Product Law, then evaluate.

a) 272 × 273 b) (-3)3 (-3)2 (-3)4

c) 63 × 36 d) 23 × 215 × 22

Note: Adding and Subtracting Powers

No rule for this! Just evaluate then add or subtract!
Examples:
a) 82 + 83 c) 53 - 54

b) 4 3 0
2 × 2 −2 × 2
3 d) (−2)2 ×(−2)3 +(−2)4

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Multiplying Powers Video

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 Lesson 7 – Exponent Law I:

Quotient Law
Dividing Powers:
Evaluate the following:
4 7
3 (−2)
a) 3
2 Expand b) (−2)3

4 7
3 (−2)
b) 32 d) (−2)3

*** The Quotient Rule for Powers ***

*** When dividing powers with the same base, the answer is
the ________ with the exponents _________________.

m
x
General Rule: x
n =x
¿ − ¿¿
¿ ¿
= x
¿
¿

Examples: Simplify using the Quotient Law, then evaluate.

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 3
4
a) 4
2

3 2
x ∙y
e) x 2

4
(−3)
b) (−3)2
5 3
4x y
f) 2x
3

4 2
3 ∙3
c) 3
2

g)10 x 4
y ÷ (−5)x y
2

4 3
8 ∙8
d) 83 −24 a b c
3 4 3
h¿ 2 2 2
8a b c

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Dividing Powers Video

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 Exponent Laws 1 Practice

1. Write each product as a single power.

a) 43 × 42 b) 50 × 50 c) (–2)2 × (–2)4

d) –63 × 61 e) (–7)0 × (–7)2 f) (–9)6 × (–9)3

2. Write each quotient as a single power.

a) 87 ÷ 85 b) 104 ÷ 100 c) (–1)6 ÷ (–1)3

−34 (−9 )10

d) 3
4
e) (−9 )5 f)

3. Express as a single power.

63 ×6 5
a) 23 × 26 ÷ 29 b) (–5)8 ÷ (–5)4 × (–5)3 c) 62 ×6 4

4. Simplify, then evaluate.

a) 22 – 20 × 2 + 23 b) (–2)6 ÷ (–2)5 – (–2)5 ÷ (–2)3 c) –22(23 ÷ 21) – 23

5. Simplify, then evaluate.

34 42 ×4 0
+
a) 43 ÷ 42 + 24 × 32 b) 32 + 42 × 41 ÷ 23 c) 33 24

6. Write each relationship as a product of powers or a quotient of powers.

a) One million is 1000 times as great as one thousand.
b) One billion is 1000 times as great as one million.
c) One hundred is one-tenth of one thousand.
d) One is one-millionth of one million.
e) One trillion is 1000 times as great as one thousand million.

7. Identify, then correct any errors in these answers.

Explain how you think the errors occurred.
a) 53 × 52 = 56 b) 23 × 42 = 85 c) (–3)8 ÷ (–3)4 = (–3)4

4 2×4 4
2 1
=4 2
d) 12 × 14 – 13 = 13 e) 4 ×4

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 Lesson 8 – Exponent Law II:

Power of a Power

(23)2 is an example of a power of a power.

Examples:
a) (34)2 OR (3 4)2

b)(23)3 OR (2 3)3

*** The Power of a Power Rule ***

*** To raise a power to a power, _________________the
exponents.

General Rule: ( x ) = x ¿ × = x mn
m n ¿ ¿

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Examples: Using the exponent laws, write as a single
power and evaluate if necessary.
a) (53)4 b) [(-2) 10]5

c) (312)0 ***2 ways to do this question

d)(-12)5 ***Careful with this one

e) [(-1)2]5 ***Different than d)

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 Lesson 9 – Exponent Law II

Power of a Product
Examples:
a) (3×4)2 (3×4)2

b)(7×2)5 (7×2)5

c) (2x)2 d) (-3xy)3

e) (-4a2b3)2 f) (-mn)3

*** The Power of a Product Rule ***

General Rule: m
(ab) =a m b m

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Power of a Quotient
Evaluate:

a) ( ) ()
3 3
4 4
2 2

b) ( )
3
−2
5 c) (24 ÷ 3) 2

*** The Power of a Quotient Rule ***

( )=
m m
a a
General Rule: b b
m

Put it together!
a) (32 × 33)3 – (43 × 42)2 b)(6 × 7)2 + (38 ÷ 36)3

3 2
4 ×4
c) 4
2 −2
2

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Power of a Power Video Power of a Product Video

Power of a Quotient Video Zero Exponent Explanation

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 Exponent Laws II Practice

1. Simplify each expression.

a) (3 × 2)4 b) [(–4) × 3]2

c) [(–2) × (–4)]3 d) (7 × 11)0

e) (10 ÷ 5)3 f) [(–12 ) ÷ (–6)]2

() ( )
4 6
8 1
g) 4 h) 10

2. Write as a power.
a) (34)2 b) (50)3

c) –(72)2 d) [(–3)3]2

3. Why is the value of [(–3)3]2 positive and the value of [(–3)3]3 negative?

4. Simplify, then evaluate.

a) (23 × 21)2 b) (54 ÷ 52)2

c) [(–3)0 × (–3)3]2 d) (102)4 ÷ (103)2

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5. Simplify, then evaluate each expression.
a) (32 × 43)2 – (44 ÷ 42)2

c)
(23 ÷ 22)3 + (74 × 73)0

c) [(–1)3]4 – [(–1)4 ÷ (–1)3]2

d) (42 × 43)0 – (32)2

e) (52 × 50)3 + (25 ÷ 23)3

f) (106 ÷ 103)2 + (23 ÷ 21)4

6. Find and correct any errors in each solution.

a) (43 × 22)2 = (85)2

= 810
= 1 073 741 824

b) [(–10)3]4 = (–10)7
= –10 000 000

c) (22 + 23)2 = (25)2

= 210
= 1024

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