CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PARTS OF THE BLOOD
WHAT IS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? RED BLOOD CELLS OR ERYTHROCYTES
Responsible for the distribution of Carries oxygen
food, water, salts etc. Produced by the BONE MARROW
The main task is to MAINTAIN and is present in the blood.
“HOMEOSTASIS” Have IRON that contains a protein
called HEMOGLOBIN.
THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY
HEMOGLOBIN allows the
SYSTEM
transport of oxygen throughout
BLOOD the bloodstream.
Carrier of oxygen, nutrients, and WHITE BLOOD CELLS OR
wastes. LEUKOCYTES
Maintain PH level, temperature, and
Fight microbial attack
osmotic pressure that are important
Support the body’s defenses
for HOMEOSTASIS.
against illness and infection.
KINDS OF BLOOD TWO TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD (OXYGENATED) o GRANULOCYTES (COMMON)
NEUTROPHILS
Pushed throughout the body.
Kills bacteria
o Blood traveling TO the body cells. EOSINOPHILS
o High oxygen content. Kills parasitic worms
o Low carbon dioxide content. BASOPHILS
OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD Attract other white
(DEOXYGENATED) blood cells
o AGRANULOCYTES (LACK
Enters the heart to process until it goes to
GRANULE)
the lungs to get oxygen and give or
LYMPHOCYTES
release carbon dioxide.
Fights virus and
o Blood traveling AWAY from the body
tumors
cells.
Give rise to plasma
o Low oxygen content.
MONOCYTES
o High carbon dioxide content.
Eats intruders cylindrical, smooth muscle
cells and connective tissue.
BLOOD VESSELS
Made up of smooth muscle cell
Channels or conduits through which and elastic fibers.
blood is distributed to body tissues.
NOTE: Smooth muscle cells are
Make up of two closed systems of tube
regulated by AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
that begin and end at the heart.
SYSTEM. This system initiate or
THREE VARIETIES OF BLOOD VESSELS produce VASOCONSTRICTION
ARTERIES (muscle contract, vessel narrow) or
Main highway VASODILATION (muscle relaxes,
VEINS of blood
vessels widen) Moreover, this is
CAPILLARIES important for regulating BLOOD
PRESSURE.
ARTERIES
o TUNICA EXTERNA OR TUNICA
Carry oxygenated blood away from
ADVENTITIA
the heart.
Outermost tunica which
Each artery consist of three layers and
encircles the tunica media.
is a muscular tube bordered by
Collagen makes up the
smooth tissue.
majority of it, and in arteries,
3 TUNICS UNDER ARTERIES external elastic lamina serves
as support.
o TUNICA INTERNA OR INTIMA
Consists of single sheet of NOTE: It is made of collage fibers for
endothelial cells and a thin PROTECTION and STRUCTURAL
subendothelial extracellular REINFORCEMENT.
matrix (ECM).
CAPILLARIES
Made of endothelium that
minimizes friction as blood Found in capillary bed.
travels. Delicate blood vessels that
o TUNICA MEDIA transport blood, nutrients,
Middle region of the vessel and oxygen to cells in organs
wall and is composed of thin, and body systems.
It is the smallest blood vessels SYSTEMATIC CIRCUIT/VEIN
in the Vascular system.
Blood leaving the heart is
It has thin tunica intima and pericytes OXYGENATED BLOOD.
which stabilize capillary walls.
HEART
Delivers oxygen and glucose
Muscle at the centre of the circulation
to the heart.
system.
EPITHELIAL CELLS
Heart’s tissue is mainly Cardiac
Surrounds the Endothelial cells
muscle; it is richly supplied with
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
blood vessels.
Regulates exchange in the
bloodstream. HEART COVERINGS
VEINS o PERICARDIUM
Covers the roots of the major
Carry deoxygenated blood to the
blood vessels as they extend
heart.
from your heart.
Located throughout the body that
Protects heart and maintain
collects oxygen-poor blood and
its position.
returns it to the heart.
Contains two walls which are
The smallest vein is called VENULES.
the Fibrous and Serous
PULMONARY VS. SYSTEMATIC pericardium.
Also has two layers, the
PULMONARY CIRCUIT/VEIN
Parietal and visceral layer or
Transport oxygen-poor the Pericardium (outermost
(deoxygenated) from the heart’s right layer of the heart).
ventricle to the lungs. o MYOCARDIUM
It transport Oxygenated blood back to It is the thickest layer which
the heart’s left atrium. lies between the single-cell
Blood leaving the heart is endocardium layer and outer
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD. epicardium which makes up
the visceral pericardium.
Makes up most of the heart
Made up of Cardiac muscle and CAVA, (2) INFERIOR VENA CAVA,
the rest are made up of (CORONARY SINUS).
“connective tissue fibers”.
CTF forms dense network TWO LOWER CHAMBERS
known Cardiac skeleton which Separated by INTERVENTRICULA
provides structural support, SEPTUM.
o ENDOCARDIUM LEFT VENTRICLE
Innermost layer of tissue that -Thickest of the heart chambers.
covers the heart. -Responsible for pumping oxygenated
Endothelial cells that line blood blood to tissues all over the body.
vessels are biologically and -Sends blood into the AORTA.
embryologically similar to their RIGHT VENTRICLE
cells. -Sends blood into the pulmonary
White sheet on endothelium trunk which goes to the lungs.
and this lines heart chambers. -It goes to the lungs to refill oxygen.
FOUR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART NOTE: Ventricles are the actual pumps since it
is the main parts for circulation.
TWO UPPER CHAMBERS
Separated by INTERATRIAL SEPTUM FOUR VALVES
and it RECEIVES BLOOD
Keeps blood flow in the right
LEFT ATRIUM (OXYGENATED)
direction and stops the backflow of
-Receives blood full of oxygen from
the blood.
the lungs and then empties the blood
into the left ventricle. 2 ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
-Has four entryways: Pulmonary o TRICUSPID VALVE (3)
Veins. - Located between the heart’s
RIGHT ATRIUM (DEOXYGENATED) two right chambers.
-Receives blood low in oxygen from o BICUSPID (2)
the body and then empties the blood - Located between the heart’s
into the right ventricle. two left chambers.
-Has three different veins where
NOTE: Both valve relaxes when it opens but
blood can enter: (1) SUPERIOR VENA
when the ventricle contracts it will close due
to the change in PRESSURE.
2 SEMILUNAR VALVE
o AORTIC VALVE
- Made up of three membranes.
- Keeps blood flow in the
correct direction through the
heart.
o PULMONARY VALVE
- Situated between the artery
that supplies blood to the
lungs and the lower right
heart chamber.
NOTE: Both semilunar valve connects the
arteries and ventricles that stem them
preventing the blood leaving from the
backflow in the ventricle.
