LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,

Department of Computer

Engineering Lab Manual

310258:Laboratory Practice
II (Cloud Computing)
 LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,

Preface

Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers,

data storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the internet
(“cloud”) to offer flexible resources, faster innovation, and economies of scale. In simpler terms,
instead of owning data centers, organizations can rent access to someone else’s infrastructure
like storage, computing servers, and databases from a Cloud Computing service provider and
only pay for resources that they use.

You only need to pay for the cloud services that you use, which helps lower your operating
costs, run infrastructure more efficiently, and scale your applications as per business needs.

Organizations of different types, sizes, and industries are using the cloud for a wide variety of
use cases, such as building customer-facing web applications, data backup, sending email/SMS
notifications, virtual desktops, software development and testing, big data analytics, and
disaster recovery. For example, Telecom companies are using cloud services to connect with
their customers by sending different types of communications. Financial services companies
are using the cloud to power real-time fraud detection and prevention.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,
 LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,

Course Outcomes, Program Outcomes & Program Specific Outcomes

1. Course Outcome

Course Statement
Outcome At the end of the course, a student will be able to (write/install/solve/apply)

310258(C). Design a system using different informed search / uninformed search or

1 heuristic approaches
310258(C). Apply basic principles of AI in solutions that require problem solving,
2 inference, perception, knowledge representation, and learning

310258(C).
Design and develop an interactive AI application
3
310258(C). Use tools and techniques in the area of Cloud Computing
4
310258(C). Use cloud computing services for problem solving
5
310258(C). Design and develop applications on cloud
6

B. CO-PO mapping

Program outcomes
Course
Outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

310258(C). 2 - 2 3 2 2 2 1 2
1
310258(C). 1 - 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2
2
310258(C). 1 - 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
3
310258(C). 1 - 2 - 3 - - 2 2 2 2 2
4
310258(C). 1 - 2 - 3 - - 2 2 2 2 2
5
 LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,

310258(C). 1 - 2 - 3 - - 2 2 2 2 2
6

C. CO-PSO mapping

Program Specific Outcomes

Course Outcome
1 2

310258.1 2 1

310258.2 1 2

310258.3 2 1

310258(C).4 2 2

310258(C).5 2 2

310258(C).6 2 2

A.

CO Target Average percentage marks of the assessment tool

1 50% students scoring more than target

Attainment
2 60% students scoring more than target
Level
3 70% students scoring more than target
LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,
LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,
 LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,

INDEX
Sr. No Title of
Assignment
1 Installation and configuration of own CloudCase study on Amazon EC2 and
learn
about Amazon EC2 web services
2 Installation and Configuration of virtualization using KVM
3 Creating an Application in SalesForce.com using Apex programming Language.

4 Design and develop custom Application (Mini Project) using Sales force Cloud

5 Mini-Project
Setup your own cloud for Software as a Service (SaaS) over the existing LAN
in your laboratory. In this assignment you have to write your own code for
cloud controller using open- source technologies to implement with HDFS.
Implement the basic operations may be like to divide the file in
segments/blocks and upload/ download file on/from cloud in encrypted
form.

Software Required:
Operating System :-Operating System recommended :- 64-bit Open source Linux or its
derivative Programming Languages: C++/JAVA/PYTHON
Write-ups must include:

• Group:

• Assignment No.

• Title

• Problem Statement

• Prerequisites

• Course Objectives

• Course Outcomes

• Theory(in brief)
LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,

• Algorithm
LP -II(Cloud Computing) TE COMP,

• Mathematical Model (Important)

• Conclusion:

• FAQs:

• Output: Printout of program with output

 LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP,

Assignment No: 1

TITLE: Problem Statement: Case study on Amazon EC2 to learn about Amazon EC2,Amazon
Elastic Compute Cloud is a central part of Amazon.com's cloud computing platform, Amazon
Web Services. How EC2 allows users torrent virtual computers on which to run their own
computer applications.

PREREQUISITES: Networking Basics

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To implement SaaS,Paas,Iaas on AWS cloud system

COURSE OUTCOMES: Ability to implement SaaS,Paas,Iaas on AWS cloud system

CO4: Use tools and techniques in the area of Cloud Computing

CO5: Use the knowledge of Cloud Computing for problem solving

THEORY

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is Amazon’s cloud web hosting platform that offers flexible,
reliable, scalable, easy-to-use, and cost-effective solutions
Cloud computing is an internet-based computing service in which large groups of remote servers
are networked to allow centralized data storage, and online access to computer services or
resources.
Using cloud computing, organizations can use shared computing and storage resources rather
than building, operating, and improving infrastructure on their own.
Cloud computing is a model that enables the following features.
• Users can provision and release resources on-demand.

• Resources can be scaled up or down automatically, depending on the load.

• Resources are accessible over a network with proper security.

• Cloud service providers can enable a pay-as-you-go model, where customers are
charged based on the type of resources and per usage.

Types of Clouds
There are three types of clouds

− Public, Private, and Hybrid

cloud.

Amazon Web Services - Basic Architecture

Department of Computer Engineering, MMCOE
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Note − In the above diagram s3 stands for simple storage service. it allows the

users to store and retrieve various types of data using api calls. it doesn’t

contain any computing element.

AWS - ELASTIC COMPUTE CLOUD

Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a web service interface that provides resizable
compute capacity in the AWS cloud. It is designed for developers to have complete control
over web-scaling and computing resources.
EC2 instances can be resized and the number of instances scaled up or down as per our
requirement. These instances can be launched in one or more geographical locations or regions,
and Availability Zones (AZs). Each region comprises of several AZs at distinct locations,
connected by low latency networks in the same region.

FEATURES OF EC2
RELIABLE −

• Designed for Amazon Web Services −

• Secure

• Flexible Tools

• Inexpensiv
How to Use AWS EC2
Step 1 − Sign-in to AWS account and open IAM console by using the following
link https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Step 2 − In the navigation Panel, create/view groups and follow the instructions.

Step 3 − Create IAM user. Choose users in the navigation pane. Then create new
users and add users to the groups.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Step 4 − Create a Virtual Private Cloud using the following instructions.

• Open the Amazon VPC console by using the

following link − https://console.aws.amazon.com/vpc/

• Select VPC from the navigation panel. Then select the same region in which we have
created key-pair.
• Select start VPC wizard on VPC dashboard.

• Select VPC configuration page and make sure that VPC with single subnet is selected.
The choose Select.
• VPC with a single public subnet page will open. Enter the VPC name in the name field
and leave other configurations as default.
• Select create VPC, then select Ok.

Step 5 − Create WebServerSG security groups and add rules using the following
instructions.

• On the VPC console, select Security groups in the navigation panel.

• Select create security group and fill the required details like group name, name tag, etc.

• Select your VPC ID from the menu. Then select yes, create button.

• Now a group is created. Select the edit option in the inbound rules tab to create rules.

Step 6 − Launch EC2 instance into VPC using the following instructions.

• Open EC2 console by using the following link −

https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/

• Select launch instance option in the dashboard.

• A new page will open. Choose Instance Type and provide the configuration. Then select
Next: Configure Instance Details.
• A new page will open. Select VPC from the network list. Select subnet from the
subnet list and leave the other settings as default.

• Click Next until the Tag Instances page appears.

Step 7 − On the Tag Instances page, provide a tag with a name to the instances.

Select Next: Configure Security Group.

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Step 8 − On the Configure Security Group page, choose the Select an existing

security group option. Select the WebServerSG group that we created

previously, and then choose Review and Launch.

Step 9 − Check Instance details on Review Instance Launch page then click the
Launch button.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Step 10 − A pop up dialog box will open. Select an existing key pair or create a

new key pair. Then select the acknowledgement check box and click the

Launch Instances button.

LOAD BALANCING

Load balancing simply means to hardware or software load over web servers, that improves
the efficiency of the server as well as the application. Following is the diagrammatic
representation of AWS architecture with load balancing.
Elastic load balancing can dynamically grow and shrinkthe load -balancing capacity to adjust to
traffic demands and also support sticky seszsions to address more advanced routing needs

HOSTING RDMS ON EC2 INSTANCES

Amazon RDS allows users to install RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) of your
choice like MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, etc. on an EC2 instance and can manage as
required.
Amazon EC2 uses Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Storage) similar to network-attached storage. All
data and logs running on EC2 instances should be placed on Amazon EBS volumes, which will
be available even if the database host fails.
Create an AWS account

Go to AWS homepage http://www.aws.amazon.com . Click the Sign In to Console or Create an

AWS account button on the top right corner. This will bring you to the sign in/sign up page.
STEP 1
create your account there with your email and password following screen shot of aws
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

management console for amazon ec2 service

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Step 2 − select the choice from the list of categories and we get their sub-

categories such as computer and database category is selected in the following

screenshots.

Step 3 − select the service of your choice and the console of that service will open.

COMPUTE

Amazon EC2
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable
compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web scale computing easier for
developers. The
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Amazon EC2 simple web service interface allows you to obtain and configure capacity with
minimal friction. It provides you with complete control of your computing resources and lets
you run on Amazon’s proven computing environment.
Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances (called
Amazon EC2 instances) to minutes, allowing you to quickly scalecapacity, both up and down, as
your computing requirements change. Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by
allowing you to pay only for capacity that you actually use.

Amazon EC2 provides developers and system administrators the tools to build failure resilient
applications and isolate themselves from common failure scenarios.

Launch an Instance
Select Launch Instance to create and configure your virtual
machine. Configure your Instance

FAQ’s

1. Compare AWS and OpenStack

2. What is AWS?

3. What is the importance of buffer in Amazon Web Services?

4. Name the several layers of Cloud Computing.

5. Distinguish between scalability and flexibility

6. What is DynamoDB?

7. How is stopping and terminating an instance different from each other?

8. What are the best practices for Security in Amazon EC2?

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Assignment No: 2

TITLE: Installation and Configuration of virtualization using KVM

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Installation and Configuration of virtualization using KVM

PREREQUISITES: Networking Basics
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To Study and implement Virtualization in Cloud Computing
COURSE OUTCOMES: Ability to implement Virtualization in Cloud Computing CO4:

Use tools and techniques in the area of Cloud Computing

CO5: Use the knowledge of Cloud Computing for problem solving

WHAT IS VIRTUALIZATION?

Virtualization is the process of creating a software-based, or virtual, representation of

something, such as virtual applications, servers, storage and networks. It is the single most
effective way to reduce IT expenses while boosting efficiency and agility for all size
businesses

BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION

Virtualization can increase IT agility, flexibility and scalability while creating significant cost
savings. Greater workload mobility, increased performance and availability of resources,
automated operations – they’re all benefits of virtualization that make IT simpler to manage
and less costly to own and operate. Additional benefits include:

• Reduced capital and operating costs.

• Minimized or eliminated downtime.
• Increased IT productivity, efficiency, agility and responsiveness.
• Faster provisioning of applications and resources.
• Greater business continuity and disaster recovery.
• Simplified data center management.
• Availability of a true Software-Defined Data Center..

Virtualization relies on software to simulate hardware functionality and create a virtual

computer system. This enables IT organizations to run more than one virtual system – and
multiple operating systems and applications – on a single server
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

VMS HAVE THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS, WHICH OFFER SEVERAL

BENEFITS.
Partitioning

• Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine.

• Divide system resources between virtual machines.

Isolation

• Provide fault and security isolation at the hardware level.

• Preserve performance with advanced resource controls.

Encapsulation

• Save the entire state of a virtual machine to files.

• Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files.

Hardware Independence

• Provision or migrate any virtual machine to any physical server.

KVM ( Kernel-based Virtual Machine ) is free and open source virtualisation software. You can
create multiple VM (virtual machines) , each VM has its own private virtualised hardware like
disk, CPU, RAM etc.

Prerequisites
For installing the KVM you must have following prerequisites.

1. Enable Virtualisation in your system BIOS.

2. Check your system CPU if it supports virtualisation. Run the given below command.
egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

When you get the output from above command either 1 or more it means CPU
supports the virtualisation else 0 or less means it does not support.

1. Install KVM and other dependencies packages

In Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, you can use the command apt or apt-get both.There will be no differences in
packages installed via apt or apt-get command so you are good here.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin bridge-utils
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Your new virtual machine will start up as though it were booting into the install ISO that you
selected. Just run through the install process and reboot when prompted at the end. The virtual
machine will reboot, and you will have a working install on the new VM.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

FAQ’s
1. What is owncloud? What are its features?
2. Define Saas
3. Describe Paas
4. What is Iaas
5. What allows users to create their own cloud applications using supplier-specific
tools and languages?

6. What allows users to rent processing, storage, networking and other fundamental
computing resources for all purposes?

7. What allows users to run existing online applications?

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Assignment No: 3

TITLE: Creating an Application in SalesForce.com using Apex programming Language.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Creating an Application in SalesForce.com using Apex programming

Language.
PREREQUISITES: Networking Basics
COURSE OBJECTIVES:

COURSE OUTCOMES:

CO4: Use tools and techniques in the area of Cloud Computing

CO5: Use the knowledge of Cloud Computing for problem

solving

CO6: Apply the concepts Cloud Computing to design and develop applications

THEORY:

Apex is a strongly typed, object-oriented programming language that allows developers

to execute flow and transaction control statements on the lightning platform server in
conjunction with calls to the lightning platform api. using syntax that looks like java
and acts like database stored procedures, apex enables developers to add business
logic to most system events, including button clicks, related record updates, and
visualforce pages. apex code can be initiated by web service requests and from triggers
on objects.
apex triggers:

apex code can be invoked by using triggers. apex triggers can be configured to perform
custom actions before or after changes to salesforce records, such as insertions, updates, or
deletions.

to define a trigger, use the following syntax:

trigger triggername on objectname (trigger_events) {

code_block

where trigger_events can be a comma-separated list of one or

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

more of the following events:

● before insert
◦ before update
● before delete
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

● after insert
● after update
● after delete
● after undelete

This below given steps shows how to create a simple apex class and trigger, and how to
deploy these components to a college..
apex is very similar to java, you may recognize much of the functionality.

here we create a custom object called book that is created in the first step. this custom object is
updated through a trigger.

●create a custom object

in this step, you create a custom object called book with one custom field called
price.

●adding an apex class

in this step, you add an apex class that contains a method for updating the book
price. this method is called by the trigger that you will be adding in the next step.

●add an apex trigger

in this step, you create a trigger for the book c custom object that
calls the applydiscount method of the myhelloworld class that you
created in the previous step.

●add a test class

in this step, you add a test class with one test method. you also run the test
and verify code coverage. the test method exercises and validates the code in
the trigger and class. also, it enables you to reach 100% code coverage for the
trigger and class.

●deploying components to production

in this step, you deploy the apex code and the custom object you created
previously to your production organization using change

EXAMPLE: STUDENT & SUBJECT/COURSE

CREATE TWO OBJECTS EX. TEACHER AND SUBJECT OR

STUDENT & COURSE
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

DETAILS OF STUDENT
RECORDS IN STUDENT
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

INSERTING A NEW RECORD

SUBJECT/COURSE AUTOMATICALLY ASSIGNED
TRIGGER ON TEACHER/STUDENT OBJECT TO AUTOMATICALLY
ASSIGN Subject/course

ref: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en
us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_qs_deploy.htm

FAQs
1. What is CRM?
2. What are the characteristics of Apex?
3. What are apex Triggers
4. What are apex classes and Objects
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Assignment 4

TITLE: Design and develop custom Application (Mini Project) using Sales force Cloud.
PREREQUISITES: Networking Basics
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To Design and develop custom Application (Mini Project) using Sales
force Cloud.

CO4: Use tools and techniques in the area of Cloud Computing

CO5: Use the knowledge of Cloud Computing for problem
solving
CO6: Apply the concepts Cloud Computing to design and develop applications

THEORY:

Salesforce Org

The cloud computing space offered to you or your organization by Force.com is called
Sales force org. It is also called Salesforce environment. Developers can create custom
Salesforce Apps, objects, workflows, data sharing rules, Visualforce pages and Apex
coding on top of Sales force Org.

Salesforce Apps

The primary function of a Salesforce app is to manage customer data. Salesforce apps
provide a simple UI to access customer records stored in objects (tables). Apps also
help in establishing re lationship between objects by linking fields.

Apps contain a set of related tabs and objects which are visible to the end user. The below
screenshot shows, how the StudentForce app looks like.

The highlighted portion in the top right corner of the screenshot displays the app
name:Student Force. The text highlighted next to the profile pic is my
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

username:Vardhan NS.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Before you create an object and enter records, you need to set up the skeleton
of the app. You can follow the below instructions to set up the app.

Steps To Setup The App

●Click on Setup button next to app name in top right corner.

● In the bar which is on the left side, go to Build → select Create→ select
Apps from the drop down menu.

●Click on New as shown in the below screenshot.

●Choose Custom App.

●Enter the App Label.StudentForce is the label of my app.Click on
Ne

●Choose a profile picture for your app. Click Next.

●Choose the tabs you deem necessary. Click Next.
●Select the different profiles you want the app to be

assigned to Click Save.

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

In steps 7 and 8, you were asked to choose the relevant tabs and profiles. Tabs and profiles
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

are an integral part of Salesforce Apps because they help you to manage objects and
records in Sales force.

In this salesforce tutorial, I will give you a detailed explanation of Tabs, Profiles and
then show you how to create objects and add records to it.

Salesforce Tabs

Tabs are used to access objects (tables) in the Salesforce App. They appear on top of
the screen and are similar to a toolbar. It contains shortcut links to multiple objects. On
clicking the object name in a tab, records in that object will be displayed. Tabs also
contain links to external web content, custom pages and other URLs. The highlighted
portion in the below screenshot is that of Salesforce tabs.

All applications will have a Home tab by default. Standard tabs can be chosen by
clicking on ‘+’ in the Tab menu. Accounts, Contacts, Groups, Leads, Profile are the
standard tabs offered by Salesforce. For example, Accounts tab will show you the list of
accounts in the SFDC org and Contacts tab will show you the list of contacts in the SFDC
org.

Steps To Add Tabs

●Click on ‘+’ in the tab menu.

●Click on Customize tabs, which is present on the right side.
●Choose the tabs of your choice and click on Save.

Besides standard tabs, you can also create custom tabs. Students tab that you see in the
above screenshot is a custom tab that I have created. This is a shortcut to reach the
custom object: Stu dents.

Steps To Create Custom Tabs

1. Navigate to Setup → Build → Create → Tabs.

2. Click on New.
3. Select the object name for which you are creating a tab. In my case, it is Students
Data. This is a custom object which I have created (the instructions to create this
object is cov ered later in this blog).
4. Choose a tab style of your preference and enter a description.
5. Click on Next → Save. The new Students Data tab will appear as shown below.
Salesforce Profiles
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Every user who needs to access the data or SFDC org will be linked to a profile. A
profile is a collection of settings and permissions which controls what a user can view,
access and modify in Salesforce.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

A profile controls user permissions, object permissions, field permissions, app settings,
tab set tings, apex class access, Visualforce page access, page layouts, record types, login
hour and login IP addresses.

You can define profiles based on the background of the user. For example, different
levels of ac cess can be set for different users like system administrator, developer and
sales representative.

Similar to tabs, we can use any standard profile or create a custom profile. By default,
the avail able standard profiles are: read only, standard user, marketing user, contract
manager, solution manager and system administrator. If you want to create custom
profiles, you have to first clone standard profiles and then edit that profile. Do note that
one profile can be assigned to many users, but one user cannot be assigned many
profiles.

Steps To Create A Profile

●Click on Setup → Administer → Manage users → Profiles

●You can then clone any of the existing profiles by clicking on Edit.

Once the tabs and profiles are set up for your App, you can load data into it. The next
section of this Salesforce tutorial will thus cover how data is added to objects in the
form of records and fields.

Objects, Fields And Records In Salesforce

Objects, Fields and Records are the building blocks of Salesforce. So, it is important to
know what they are and what role they play in building Apps.

Objects are the database tables in Salesforce where data is stored. There are two types
of objects in Salesforce:

1. Standard objects: The objects provided by Salesforce are called standard objects.
For example, Accounts, Contacts, Leads, Opportunities, Campaigns, Products,
Reports, Dash board etc.
2. Custom objects: The objects created by users are called

custom objects. Objects are a collection of records and records are a

collection of fields.

Every row in an object consists of many fields. Thus a record in an object is a

combination of re lated fields. Look at the below excel for illustration.

I will create an object called Students Data which will contain personal details of students.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Steps to create a custom object:

1. Navigate to Setup → object manager → Create → custom Object
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

2. Click on New Custom Object.

3. Fill in the Object Name and Description. As you can see from the below image, the
object name is Students Data.
4. Click on Save.

After creating the object, you need to define various fields in that object. e.g. the fields in
a stu dent’s record will be student name, student phone number, student email ID, the
department a student belongs to and his native city.

You can add records to objects only after defining the fields.

Steps To Add Custom Fields

●Navigate to Setup → Build → Create → Objects

●Select the object to which you want to add fields. In my case, it is Students Data. ●
Scroll down to Custom Fields & Relationships for that object and click on New as
shown in the below screenshot.
●You need to choose the data type of that particular field and then click Next. I
have cho sen text format because I will be storing letters in this field.
The different data types of fields have been explained in detail in the next section of
this blog.
●You will then be prompted to enter the name of the field, maximum length of
that field and description.

● You can also make it an optional/ mandatory field and allow/ disallow
duplicate values for different records by checking on the check boxes. See the
below screenshot to get a better understanding.
●Click on Next.
●Select the various profiles who can edit that text field at a later point of time. Click Next.
●Select the page layouts that should include this field.
●Click Save.

As you can see from the below screenshot, there are two types of fields. Standard fields
created for every object by default and Custom fields created by myself. The four fields
which I have created for Students Data are City, Department, Email ID and Phone No.
You will notice that all custom fields are suffixed with ‘ C’ which indicates that you have
the power to edit and delete those fields. Whereas some standard fields can be edited,
but not deleted.

You can now add student records (complete row) to your object.

Steps To Add A Record

1. Go to the object table from the tab menu. Students Data is the object to which I will add records.
2. As you can see from the below image, there are no existing records. Click on New to add
new student records.
3. Add student details into different fields as shown in the below screenshot. Click on Save. 4.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

You can create any number of student records. I have created 4 student records as shown in
the below screenshot.
 LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

5. In case you want to edit the student details, you can click on Edit as shown in the
below screenshot.
Data Types Of Fields
Data type controls which type of data can be stored in a field. Fields within a
record can have different data types. For example:

1. If it is a phone number field, you can choose Phone.

2. If it is a name or a text field, you can choose Text.
3. If it is a date/ time field, you can choose Date/Time.
4. By choosing Picklist as data type for a field, you can write predefined values in that field
and create a drop-down.

You can choose any one of the data types for custom fields. Below is a screenshot listing
the dif ferent data types.

Data types like Lookup Relationship, Master-Detail Relationship and External Lookup
Relation ship are used to create links/ relationships between one or more objects.
Relationships between objects is the next topic of discussion in this Salesforce tutorial
blog.

Object Relationship In Salesforce

As the name suggests, object relationship is used in Salesforce to create a link between
two ob jects. The question on your mind would be, why is it needed? Let me talk about
the need with an example.

In my StudentForce app, there is a Students Data object, which contains personal

information of students. Details regarding student’s marks and their previous college
are present in different ob jects. We can use relationships to link these objects using
related fields. The marks of the stu dents and colleges can be linked with the Student
Name field of Student Data object.

Relationships can be defined while choosing the data type. They are always defined in
the child object and are referenced to the common field in master object. Creating such
links will help you to search and query data easily when the required data is present in
different objects. There are three different types of relationships that can exist between
objects. They are:

1. Master-Detail
2. Lookup
3. Junction

Master-Detail Relationship (1:n)

Master-Detail relationship is a parent-child relationship in which the master object

controls the behaviour of the dependent object. It is a 1:n relationship, in which there
can be only one parent, but many children. In my example, Students Data is the master
object and Marks is the child ob ject.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Let me give you an example of a Master-Detail relationship. The Students Data object
contains student records. Each record contains personal information about a student.
However, the marks obtained by students are present in another record called Marks.
Look at the screenshot of Marks object below.

I have created a link between these two objects by using the student’s name. Below are
the points you have to keep in mind when setting up a Master-Detail relationship.

●Being the controlling object, the master field cannot be empty.

●If a record/ field in master object is deleted, the corresponding fields in the
dependent ob ject are also deleted. This is called a cascade delete.
●Dependent fields will inherit the owner, sharing and security settings from its master.

You can define master-detail relationships between two custom objects, or between a
custom ob ject and standard object as long as the standard object is the master in the
relationship.

Lookup Relationship (1:n)

Lookup relationships are used when you want to create a link between two objects, but
without the dependency on the parent object. You can think of this as a form of parent-
child relationship where there is only one parent, but many children i.e. 1:n relationship.
Below are the points you have to keep in mind when setting up a Lookup relationship.

●The lookup field on the child object is not necessarily required.

●The fields/ records in a child object cannot be deleted by deleting a record in the
parent object. Thus the records in the child object will not be affected.
● The child fields will not inherit the owner, sharing and security settings of its parent.

An example of a lookup relationship in my case would be that of a College object. You

can see the child object: Students Data in the below screenshot. You will notice that
there is an empty College field for the first record. This indicates that the dependency is
not a necessity.

Below is a screenshot of the schema diagram of both the relationships. College – Student
Data forms the Lookup relationship and Student Data – Marks forms the Master-Detail
relation ship.

Self-Relationship
This is a form of lookup relationship where instead of two tables/ objects, the
relationship is within the same table/ object. Hence the name self-relationship. Here,
the lookup is referenced to the same table. This relationship is also called Hierarchical
relationship.

Junction Relationship (Many-To-Many)

This kind of a relationship can exist when there is a need to create two master-detail
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

relation ships. Two master-detail relationships can be created by linking 3 custom

objects. Here, two ob jects will be master objects and the third object will be dependent
on both the objects. In simpler words, it will be a child object for both the master
objects.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

To give you an example of this relationship, I have created two new objects.

●A master object called Professor. It contains the list of professors.

●A child object called Courses. It contains the list of courses available.
●I will use the Students Data object as another master object.

I have created a many-to-many relationship such that every record in the Courses
object must have at least one student and at least one professor. This is because every
course is a combination

of students and professors. In fact, a course, can have one or more number of students
and pro fessors associated with them.

The dependency on Student and Professor objects makes Courses as the child object. Stu dent and
Professor are thus the master objects. Below is a screenshot of Courses object.

You will notice that there are different combinations of professors and students for these sub
jects. For example, Kate is associated with two courses and has two different professors for
each of those two courses. Mike is associated with only one course, but, has two different
professors for that course. Both Joe and Kate are associated with the same course and same
professor. In the below screenshot, you will find the schematic diagram of this relationship.

FAQS
1. What are the features of Salesforce?
2. How many types of objects are available in Salesforce?
3. Differentiate standard objects with custom objects
4. What is workflow in Salesforce?
5. what is the difference between lookup and master relationship?
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Assignment 5

TITLE: Setup your own cloud for Software as a Service (SaaS)

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Setup your own cloud for Software as a Service (SaaS) over the
existing LAN in your laboratory. In this assignment you have to write your own code for cloud
controller using open-source technologies to implement with HDFS. Implement the basic
operations may be like to divide the file in segments/blocks and upload/ download file
on/from cloud in encrypted form

PREREQUISITES: Networking Basics

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

COURSE OUTCOMES:

CO4: Use tools and techniques in the area of Cloud Computing

CO5: Use the knowledge of Cloud Computing for problem

solving

CO6: Apply the concepts Cloud Computing to design and develop applications

THEORY:

Opensource cloud platforms:

Apache CloudStack
Apache CloudStack is an open source, multi-hypervisor, multi-tenant, high-availability
Infrastructure-as-a-Service CMP, which facilitates creating, deploying and managing cloud
services by providing a complete stack of features and components for cloud environments. It
uses existing hypervisors such as KVM, VMware vSphere, VMware ESXi, VMware vCenter and
XenServer/XCP for virtualisation. CloudStack can also orchestrate the non-technical elements
of service delivery such as billing and metering. It presents a range of APIs, allowing it to be
integrated with any other platform.

OpenStack
OpenStack consists of a set of software tools for building and managing cloud computing
platforms for public and private clouds using pooled virtual resources. The tools comprising
the OpenStack platform are called projects. They handle core cloud computing services of
compute, networking, storage, identity and image services. OpenStack software controls large
pools of compute, storage and networking resources throughout a data centre, and is managed
through a dashboard or via the OpenStack API.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is an acronym for Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs
to Useful Systems. It is an open source software framework that provides the platform for
private cloud computing implementation on computer clusters. Eucalyptus implements
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) methodology for solutions in private and hybrid clouds.

CASE 1
Install OpenNebula Front-end on Ubuntu 20.04 |18.04 | 16.04

Here we’ll walk through all steps to get OpenNebula Front-end engine up and running on Ubuntu
20.04/18.04 /16.04 server. I assume you already have a running instance of one of this operating
systems, this can be a virtual machine or a physical server.

Step 1: Add OpenNebula and Debian repositories

Run the following commands to add epel and OpenNebula repositories on Ubuntu.
Import Repository Key:

wget -q -O- https://downloads.opennebula.org/repo/repo.key | sudo apt-key add -

Add the repository to the system:

Ubuntu 20.04:

echo "deb https://downloads.opennebula.org/repo/6.1/Ubuntu/20.04 stable opennebula" | sudo tee

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/opennebula.list
For Ubuntu 18.04:

echo "deb https://downloads.opennebula.org/repo/6.1/Ubuntu/18.04 stable opennebula" | sudo tee

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/opennebula.list

Please check the recent version of OpenNebula as you install.

Step 2: Install and Configure MySQL database

Since we’re going to configure our OpenNebula to use MySQL instead of SQLite, let’s configure it.
First, install MariaDB server:
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

sudo apt update

sudo apt -y install mariadb-server

Initiate security settings of MariaDB database server:

sudo mysql_secure_installation
Once MariaDB is installed and running, create a database and user for OpenNebula.

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE opennebula;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON opennebula.* TO 'oneadmin' IDENTIFIED BY

'StrongPassword'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Step 3: Install OpenNebula Front-end packages

These are the packages available on OpenNebula CentOS repository:

• opennebula-common: Provides the user and common files.

• ruby-opennebula: Ruby API.

• libopennebula-java: Java API.

• libopennebula-java-doc: Java API Documentation.

• opennebula-node: Prepares a node as an opennebula-node.

• opennebula-sunstone: Sunstone (the GUI).

• opennebula-tools: Command Line interface.

• opennebula-gate: OneGate server that enables communication between VMs and

OpenNeb- ula.

• opennebula-flow: OneFlow manages services and elasticity.

• opennebula: OpenNebula Daemon.

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Install all OpenNebula packages by running the commands:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install opennebula opennebula-sunstone opennebula-gate opennebula-flow

Besides /etc/one, the following files are marked as configuration files:

• /var/lib/one/remotes/etc/datastore/ceph/ceph.conf
• /var/lib/one/remotes/etc/vnm/OpenNebulaNetwork.conf

Step 4: Ruby Runtime Installation.

Some OpenNebula components need Ruby libraries. OpenNebula provides a script that installs the
required gems as well as some development libraries packages needed.

sudo /usr/share/one/install_gems
You’ll get a prompt asking you to select OS and confirm.

Distribution "debian"
detected. About to install these
dependencies:
gcc

rake
libxml2-dev
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

libcurl4-openssl-dev
default-libmysqlclient-dev

ruby-dev

make

Press enter to continue...

Press enter to start the installation.

Step 5: Configure OpenNebula DB

Then open the fileoned.conf and edit to add MySQL db settings.

sudo vim /etc/one/oned.conf

Uncomment the line:

#DB = [ BACKEND = "sqlite" ]

Then add:

DB =
[ backend = "mysql",

Replace StrongPassword with the password you specified earlier for the DB. Confirm that the user
can log in to DB.

$ mysql -u oneadmin -p

Step 6: Configure oneadmin credentials

A randomly generated file is usually placed on the file /var/lib/one/.one/one_auth.

LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

$ sudo cat /var/lib/one/.one/one_auth

oneadmin:b82f13701914afc9e3c6aea69f180109

If you need to change the password, do it here.

$ sudo su - oneadmin

$ echo "oneadmin:mypassword" > ~/.one/one_auth

This will set the oneadmin password on the first boot. From that point, you must use the command
below to change oneadmin’s password.

$ oneuser passwd

Step 7: Configure Firewall (UFW)

We’re close to the final step. If you have an active UFW firewall, you need to allow specific
ports required by OpenNebula.

If running, open the port required to access Sunstone web interface.

sudo ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 9869

Step 8: Start OpenNebula daemons.

Used systemd service management command to start OpenNebula services.

sudo systemctl start opennebula opennebula-sunstone

sudo systemctl enable opennebula opennebula-sunstone

Step 10: Verifying the Installation and Accessing Sunstone UI

After OpenNebula is started for the first time, you should check that the commands can connect to
the OpenNebula daemon. You can do this in the Linux CLI or in the graphical user interface:
Sunstone. From CLI in the Front-end, run the following command as oneadmin:
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

$ sudo su - oneadmin -c "oneuser

show" USER 0 INFORMATION
ID : 0

NAME :

oneadmin

If you get an error message, then the OpenNebula daemon could not be started properly.

The OpenNebula logs are located in /var/log/one, namely:

• oned.log – Core logs. Error messages will be located here. prefixed with [E]
• sched.log – Scheduler logs are located here.

Accessing Sunstone UI

Now you can try to log in to Sunstone web interface. To do this point your browser to:

http://<fontend_address>:9869
If everything is OK you will be greeted with a login page.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

The user is oneadmin and the password is the one in the file /var/lib/one/.one/one_auth in
your Front- end. On logging in, you should get a dashboard like below.

CASE 2:

TITLE: Study and implementation of infrastructure as Service using Open Stack.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Study and implementation of infrastructure as Service using Open

Stack.
PREREQUISITES: Networking Basics
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To Study and implement infrastructure as Service using Open Stack.

COURSE OUTCOMES: Ability to implement infrastructure as Service using Open Stack.

CO1: Ability to install and configure cloud computing environments

THEORY:

OpenStack is a free, open source platform developed specifically for cloud computing.
Through this cloud-centric platform, virtual machines and other resources can be made
available to clients as Infrastructure-as-a-Service. There are a number of ways to get
OpenStack installed.
One such means of installing OpenStack is through DevStack. DevStack is a series of scripts that
are used to bring up a complete OpenStack environment based on the latest version. Although
installing with DevStack might be one of the easiest methods of installing OpenStack
Reference Link: https://www.tecmint.com/create-deploy-and-launch-virtual-machines-in-
openstack/
Step 1: Initial System Configurations
1. Before you begin preparing the node in order to deploy your own virtual
cloud infrastructure, first login with root account and assure that the system
is up to date.
2. Next, issue the ss -tulpn command to list all running
services. # ss -tulpn

List All Running Linux Services

3. Next, identify, stop, disable and remove unneeded services, mainly postfix,
NetworkManager and firewalld. At the end the only daemon that would be running on your
machine should be sshd.
# systemctl stop postfix firewalld NetworkManager
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

# systemctl disable postfix firewalld

NetworkManager # systemctl mask
NetworkManager
# yum remove postfix NetworkManager NetworkManager-libnm
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

4. Completely disable Selinux policy on the machine by issuing the below commands. Also edit
/etc/selinux/config file and set SELINUX line from enforcing to disabled as illustrated on the
below screenshot.
# setenforce
0#
getenforce
# vi /etc/selinux/config

Disable SELinux
5. On the next step using the hostnamectl command to set your Linux system hostname. Replace
the
FQDN variable accordingly.
# hostnamectl set-hostname cloud.centos.lan

Set Linux System Hostname

6. Finally, install ntpdate command in order to synchronize time with a NTP server on your
premises near your physical proximity.
# yum install ntpdate

Step 2: Install OpenStack in CentOS and RHEL

7. OpenStack will be deployed on your Node with the help of PackStack package provided by rdo
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

repository (RPM Distribution of OpenStack).

In order to enable rdo repositories on RHEL 7 run the below command.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

# yum install https://www.rdoproject.org/repos/rdo-release.rpm

On CentOS 7, the Extras repository includes the RPM that actives the OpenStack repository. Extras
is already enabled, so you can easily install the RPM to setup the OpenStack repository:
# yum install -y centos-release-openstack-
mitaka # yum update -y

8. Now it’s time to install PackStack package. Packstack represents a utility which
facilitates the deployment on multiple nodes for different components of OpenStack via
SSH connections and Puppet modules.
Install Packstat package in Linux with the following command:
# yum install openstack-packstack

9. On the next step generate an answer file for Packstack with the default configurations
which will be later edited with the required parameters in order to deploy a standalone
installation of Openstack (single node).
The file will be named after the current day timestamp when generated (day, month and year).
# packstack --gen-answer-file='date
+"%d.%m.%y"'.conf # ls

Generate Packstack Answer Configuration File

10. Now edit the generated answer configuration file with a text
editor. # vi 13.04.16.conf

and replace the following parameters to match the below values. In order to be safe
replace the passwords fields accordingly.
CONFIG_NTP_SERVERS=0.ro.pool.ntp.org

Please consult http://www.pool.ntp.org/en/ server list in order to use a public NTP server
near your physical location.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Add NTP Server in Packstack

CONFIG_PROVISION_DEMO=n

Add Provision in Packstack

CONFIG_KEYSTONE_ADMIN_PW=your_password for Admin user

Add Admin Account in Packstack

Access OpenStack dashboard via HTTP with SSL
enabled. CONFIG_HORIZON_SSL=y

Enable HTTPS for OpenStack

The root password for MySQL server.
CONFIG_MARIADB_PW=mypassword1234

Set MySQL Root Password in OpenStack

Setup a password for nagiosadmin user in order to access Nagios web
panel. CONFIG_NAGIOS_PW=nagios1234

Set Nagios Admin Password

11. After you finished editing save and close the file. Also, open SSH server configuration file
and uncomment PermitRootLogin line by removing the front hashtag as illustrated on the
below screenshot.
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

Enable SSH Root Login

Then restart SSH service to reflect
changes. # systemctl restart sshd

Step 3: Start Openstack Installation Using Packstack Answer File

12. Finally start Openstack installation process via the answer file edited above by
running the below command syntax:
# packstack --answer-file 13.04.16.conf

Openstack Installation in Linux

13. Once the installation of OpenStack components is successfully completed, the
installer will display a few lines with the local dashboard links for OpenStack and
Nagios and the required credentials already configured above in order to login on both
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

panels.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

OpenStack Installation Completed

The credentials are also stored under your home directory in keystonerc_admin file.
14. If for some reasons the installation process ends with an error regarding httpd service, open
/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf file and make sure you comment the following line as illustrated
below. #Listen 443 https

Disable HTTPS SSL Port

Then restart Apache daemon to apply

changes. # systemctl restart httpd.service

Note: In case you still can’t browse Openstack web panel on port 443 restart the installation
process from beginning with the same command issued for the initial deployment.
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

# packstack --answer-file /root/13.04.16.conf

Step 4: Remotely Access OpenStack Dashboard

15. In order to access OpenStack web panel from a remote host in your LAN navigate to
your machine IP Address or FQDN/dashboard via HTTPS protocol.
Due to the fact that you’re using a Self-Signed Certificate issued by an untrusted
Certificate Authority an error should be displayed on your browser.
Accept the error and login to the dashboard with the user admin and the password set on
CONFIG_KEYSTONE_ADMIN_PW parameter from answer file set above.
https://192.168.1.40/dashboard

OpenStack Login Dashboard

Openstack Projects
LP -II(Cloud Computing) Manual TE COMP, Sem-II

16. Alternatively, if you opted to install Nagios component for OpenStack, you can browse Nagios
web panel at the following URI and login with the credentials setup in answer file.
https://192.168.1.40/nagios

Nagios Login Dashboard

Nagios Linux Monitoring Interface

Now you can start setup your own internal cloud environment.
Reference : https://www.tecmint.com/openstack-networking-guide/
to Configure OpenStack Network to Enable Access to OpenStack Instances

CONCLUSION:Thus,we have studied and implemented openstack