INSTRUCTION: Answer each question on the MCQ encircling the letter b.

thin = Asthenic
you have chosen.
c. buff = Athletic
PART 1:
d. combination = Dysplastic ➔ Immorality
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY AND THEORIES OF
fat + muscular
CRIME CAUSATION
thin + muscular
1. It is the study of human society, its origin structure, functions
*Freewill – “autonomy” / “Self Rule” – cause of crime
and direction.
according to classical school (Cesare Beccaria)
a. criminology b. sociology
*Atavism – presence of ape like characteristics (incomplete
c. psychology d. anthropology
evolution) – Cesare Lombroso – at least 5 traits of an
*psychology – study of human and animal behavior
atavistic ➔ BORN CRIMINAL (hereditary)
*anthropology – study of mankind
a. Dark Skin
*criminology – study of crime, criminals and criminal behavior
b. Hairy body
*RA 11131 Sec 4 Par E – Criminology refers to the scientific
c. twisted nose
study of crimes, criminals and victims and also on the
d. long arms
prevention and solution of crime.
e. large eyes
*Edwin Sutherland – Dean of Modern Criminology = Entire
f. large lips
body of knowledge regarding crime as social phenomenon. It
g. protruding chin & forehead
includes within its scope the process of making law, breaking
h. skin wrinkles
of laws and reaction towards the breaking of law.
*Positivism / Positivist school / positive school
*August Comte – father of sociological positivism
- Italian school (Garo – Fe – Lo)
- “determinism” – everything including crime has
- scientific approach criminology
sufficient causes
- rejects freewill
*Emile David Durkheim - father of modern sociology
- assumes that criminals are SICK → Treatment /
- “crime is normal part of every society”
Rehabilitation / Reformation
- “anomie”
3. The approach that is using the perspective of heredity in
B – breakdown of social order
explaining the cause of crime.
A – absence of social norms
a. geographical approach
N – normlessness
b. biological approach / “Biogenic Approach”
2. The science of classifying the physical characteristics.
c. psychiatric application
a. free will b. positivism
d. psychological application
c. atavism d. somatology
*heredity – transmission of traits of from parents to offspring
science = study ➔ Greek “Logos”
“Biological / Biogenic”
*William Sheldon – 3 Body Types
a. Shape of skull = “phrenology”
a. Fat = Endomorph ➔ fraud and estafa
b. Facial feature = “physiognomy”
b. Thin = Ectomorph ➔ theft and robbery
c. Body Build = “Somatology”
c. Buff = Mesomorph ➔ violence and rape
d. Transmission of traits = “Heredity”
Q – who among the 3 body types has the highest chance t o
e. Food / Diet / Menstruation = “biochemical theory”
become a delinquent?
*Geographical Approach” – Adolphe Quetelet – father of
A – mesomorph
cartographic school
Ernest Kretschmer – “physiques” ➔ 4 S – statistics – father of moral statistics
a. fat = Pyknic C – climate – “thermic law”
L – location – “crime mapping” a. August Comte b. Positivists

“1st scientific Criminologist” c. Positivism d. Sociologists

4. The purpose of penalty in the positivism school of criminology. 6. It is the study of formation of the skull in relation to the

a. retribution – classical behavior of the criminal.

b. rejection a. entomology b. penology

c. reformation c. phrenology d. criminology

d. restoration *craniology / cranioscopy

2 *Franz Joseph Gall

2 *entomology – study of insects

Differences Classical Neo Classical Positivism 7. Science concerned with improving the quality of offspring.

Cause of a. criminology b. eugenics (Francis Galton)

crime c. genetics – “genes” d. heredity – transmission

“Freewill” *Charles Goring – Criminal Sterilization – removal of ability og

(Absolute) a criminal to multiply

“Freewill” Female – Ligation

(not Male – vasectomy

absolute) 8. Commonly known as victimless crime:

“scientific A.occasional crime B.political crime

factors” C.public order crime D. conventional crime

Focus “act” “Act & actor” “actor” *occasional crime = less frequent (Non-Index Crimes)

Assumption All criminals *Conventional crime = common crimes (index crimes)

are rational *Political Crimes = crimes against national security and public

thinkers order (ex. Treason, espionage, piracy, mutiny, rebellion,

Freewill is sedition etc)

affected by Q – what type of executive clemency is given to convicted of

other factors political crimes?

Criminal are A – amnesty / General Pardon

SICK *Victimless crime

Purpose of - crimes with no private offended party

Penalty - crimes without complaining victim

Retribution / Plaintiff = State / Government / PP

Vengeance 9. This refers to a significant loss of contact with reality.

Exemption & a. split mind b. psychosis

mitigation c. neurosis d. schizophrenia

Treatment *severe mental disorder

5. He founded Sociology and applied scientific methods in the *serious mental and emotional disorder

study of society, which to him passes through stages divided *withdrawal from reality

on the basis of how people try to understand it, leading them Symptoms:

to adopt a rational scientific understanding of the world. H – Hallucination – false perception without stimulus

Comte called this the positive stage and those who followed I – illusion – false interpretation of stimulus

his writings were called ______ D – delusion – false belief (grandeur)

*Neurosis – Mild Mental Disorder L – learning

Ex. 1. Anxiety – Excessive worry I – influence

2. Depression – melancholia *Labeling theory – Social Reaction Theory

3. Obsession – uncontrollable thought SS = DA

4. Psychasthenia – phobia and mania Social Stigma ➔ accepted and be part of their personality
Phobia = irrational fear Deviance Amplification ➔ secondary deviance
Mania = “Compulsion” uncontrollable desire 11. In the power control theory by John Hagan, which father and
Blood mother share similar roles in the workplace and power in the
Fear of blood = hematophobia family
Desire for blood = hematomania A. Feminist theory – crime is a product of female
Spiders oppression / male and female equality
Fear of spider = arachnophobia B. Egalitarian family – “Egalitarianism”
Love of spiders = arachnomania C. Patriarchal family – father leads the family
*Schizophrenia 3
- psychosis 3
- bizarre behavior – weird D. Matriarchal family – mother leads the family
- imaginary environment PD 603 – the decision of the mother and the father both
- old name = Dementia Praecox = split mind matters. But in terms of disagreement, the decision of the
10. This theory views crime and delinquency as a result of the father will prevail
frustration and anger people experience over their inability to 12. The ruling class in a capitalist system is the
achieve legitimate social and financial success. A. Proletariat
a. strain theory b. psychological theories B. Bourgeois
c. differential association d. labeling theory C. Capitalist
*Strain Theory – FRAPS D. Ruling class
F – frustration Theory of Capitalism / Conflict Theory
R – resentment (Karl Marx) – father of radical criminology
A – Anger a. Bourgeois = CEO, President, Boss, owner (Villar, Ayala,
P – Pressure Lopez, Conjuangco, Sy, Tan)
S – stress b. Proletariats = Laborers, workers
5 Responses to Strain 13. Who proposed the theory of capitalism and invoked
Goals (what?) Means (How?) communism as a remedy?
a. Conformity + + A. George Vold
b. Innovation + - B. Karl Marx & Wilhem Bonger
c. Ritualism - + C. Emile Durkheim
d. Retreatism - - D. Max Weber
e. Rebellion new new 14. The law is a tool of the ruling class, the law is used to control
*General Strain Theory – Robert Agnew lower class, and crime is politically defined.
- frustration can be caused by all type of failure a. Consensus View of Crime – upper class and lower
*Differential Association Theory – Edwin Sutherland class agrees what is crime and what is not.
S – Socialization b. Conflict View of Crime – crime is define by those who
A – Adaptation are in control
c. Interactionist View of Crime certain locality:

d. All of the foregoing a.Ecology b) Demography

15. The term criminology was originally derived from Italian word: c) Epidiomology d) Physical anthropology

a. crimen b. criminologo Sciences Related to Criminology

c. criminologia d. criminologie a. Criminal Demography – Crime and Population

Latin = Crimen b. Criminal Ecology – Crime and Space in community

Italian = Criminologia – Rafaelle Garofalo c. Criminal Epidemiology – crime and environment / Milieu

French = Criminologie – Paul Topinard d. Criminal Physical Anthropology – Crime and Physical

16. It is the scientific study of crime and the effort of the society to Structure

prevent and repressed them? e. Criminal Psychology – crime and human behavior

a. Crime b. Criminology f. criminal psychiatry – crime and human mind

c. Victimology d. Criminal justice 19. It deals primarily with the study of crime causation.

*Crime – act or omission punishable by law prohibiting or a. Criminology b. Criminal Etiology

commanding it c. Victimology d. Criminal Sociology

*Victimology – study of ROLE of victim *Etiology of Crimes

*Criminal Justice – Study of role and function of various 3 Branches of Criminology (SEP)

government agencies S – Sociology of Laws – administration of criminal law

LE ➔ PNP, NBI, PDEA, BFP, LTO, LTFRB, E – Etiology of Crimes -origin, causes, reason for crime

Customs, BIR, BID P – Penology – penalty and rehabilitation

Pros ➔ NPS, PAO, SolGen, Ombudsman 20. It refers to the study of the role of the victim in the commission

of a crime.
Court ➔ SC, CA, SB, CTA, RTC, MTC, Shari’a
a. criminal victim b. criminal psychiatry
Correction ➔ BuCor, BJMP, Provincial Jail, BPP &
c. victimless crime d. victimology
PPA
*Benjamin Mendelsohn & Von Hentig = fathers of victimology
Community ➔ “Barangay” (kapitan, secretary,
21. It is the process by which individual reduce the frequency of
kagawad, tanod, SK)
their offending behavior as the age increases.
17. The study of Criminology involves the use of knowledge and
a. doing gender b. aging out
concept of other sciences and field of study which makes the
c. criminal reduction d. active precipitation
study of criminology:
*Spontaneous rescission
a. Dynamic b. Nationalistic
22. Crimes are outlawed behaviors because society defines
c. Social science d. An applied science
them that way and not because they are inherently evil or
*instrumentation
immoral acts.
*criminalistics
a. Consensus View of Crime
*Multidisciplinary science
b. Interactionist View of Crime
Nature of Criminology (SAND)
c. Conflict View of Crime
S – Social Science – we study people and community
d. All of the foregoing
A – Applied Science – we barrow knowledge
23. They emphasize relationships between social institutions,
N – Nationalistic – we study our OWN criminal law
and describe the types of behavior which tend to
D – Dynamic – Changing / adapting
characterize groups of people as opposed to individuals.
18. Criminal ________ refers to the study of the relationship
a) Social process theory c) Social structure theory
between criminality and the inhabitants (population) of a
b) Social learning theory d) Labeling theory
4 b. Irrational crimes – criminal is “insane”

4 c. Blue-collar crimes

Social Structure Theories d. White collar crimes

a. Social Disorganization theory – Shaw & Mckay -*crimes of the underworld

O – overpopulation Q – who coined the term while and blue collar crime?

M – Migration A – Edwin Sutherland

U – unemployment 26. The commission of criminal acts using the instruments of

B – broken home modern technology such as computers or the internet.

I – industrialization a. cyber sex b. cyber crime

P – poverty c. computer crimes d. computer hacking

U – urbanization *RA 10175

b. Strain Theory = FRAPS *cyber sex – online sexual act using webcam

c. Cultural Deviance Theory = creation of subculture due to *hacking – “cracking” – illegal and unauthorized access to a

conflict between upper and lower class (Culture Conflict computer system; highest form of cyber crime

Theory) – Johan Thorsten Sellin 27. The killing of a large number of people over time by an

Social process theories offender who seeks to escape detection.

a. Differential Association Theory = SALI a. road rage b. hate crime

b. Differential Reinforcement theory = Ron Akers c. mass murder d. serial murder

Act Mass Murder – single violent outburst (no cooling off)

1. Reward (+) = repetition Serial murder – separate event (with cool off stage)

2. Punishment (-) = avoidance Spree Murder – “continuous killing in different places”

c. Neutralization Theory (Drift Theory) – Matza & sykes Hate Crime – “bias crime” / selective victimization (Gender,

J – justification Religion, Race, Ethnicity)

A – alibi *Road Rage – 2 or motorist assaulting each other

R – rationalization 28. Known as the “Mother of Criminals”.

24. What crimes according to the time or period of the a. Margaret Juke b. Mia Kalifa

commission are those which are committed only when the c. Ada Juke d. Skylar Vox

circumstances or situation is conducive to its commission like Why? According to Richard Dugdale, 92% of the descendants

for instance, committing theft in a crowded place. of Ada are criminals

a. seasonal crimes b. instant crimes 29. A phenomenon that refers to the handling down of delinquent

c. situational crimes d. continuing crimes behaviors as socially learned and transferred from one

*seasonal crime – occurs in a specific part of the year generation to the next taking place mostly among

*instant crime – committed in a short period of time disorganized urban areas.

*Episodic crime – committed in lengthy space of time a. Cultural Transmission b) Social Phenomenon

*continuing crime – committed in more than 1 place c. Crime d) Delinquent behavior

(transitory crimes) *social phenomenon – regular and repetitive event

*Static Crime – committed in ONE place Crime is a social phenomenon = Edwin Sutherland

25. Crimes such as theft, shoplifting, and others which are 30. A type of violent offender who uses violence as a means

committed to maintain one’s livelihood or as a means for living (method) of perpetrating the criminal act:

are what crimes? a. Culturally violent offender – caused by poverty

a. Rational crimes – criminal is “sane” b. pathologically violent offender – cause by insanity

c. Criminally violent offender – ex. Rape, murderers, c. neo-classical school – freewill is NOT absolute

assassins) d. positive school – scientific factors

d. situationally violent offender – burst of feelings Human Ecology theory – Robert Ezra Park

(Criminaloids / Acute Criminals) C – Competition

*John Conrad – classified criminals into 4 types of violent I – Isolation

offenders C – Conflict

31. One way of classifying criminals is on the basis of etiology. 35. He said that individuals are like human calculators. Before a

What kind of criminal is that whose action arises from the intra person commits a crime, he first analyzes whether the

(inside) – psychic (mind) conflict (disorder) between the social satisfaction he would gain is greater than the possible

and anti-social components of his personality? negative effect he would have to suffer if he gets caught doing

a. Acute c. Chronic the crime: “felicific calculus”

b. neurotic d. normal a. Cesare Beccaria b. Cesare Lombroso

*Acute Criminals = burst of feelings, anger, jealousy, passion c. Edwin Sutherland d. Jeremy Bentham

*Chronic = “deliberate thinking” (rational) *Jeremy Bentham = “PHUF”

*Normal Criminals = product of idolization and imitation (copy P – Panopticon Prison – cylindrical prison

cat crime) “theory of imitation by Gabriel Tarde” H – Hedonism – people seek pleasure and avoid

32. Criminals can also be classified according to this behavioral pain

system. What are those criminals who have high degree of U – Utilitarianism – “greatest happiness principle”

organization that enables them to commit crime without being F – Felicific Calculus

detected and usually operates in a large scale? *Cesare Beccaria – FRED

a. ordinary criminals – no special skills F – Freewill is the cause of crime

b. professional criminals – highly skilled → source Re – Retribution is the purpose of penalty

of income D – Deterrence is the solution to crime prevention

c. situational criminals *Edwin Sutherland “DDAW”

d. organized criminals D – Differential Assoc theory

*Organization – group of 3 or more person working together D – Dean of Modern Criminology

to achieve a common goal or objective A – American Father of Criminology

*Alphonse Gabriel Capone – leader of the outfit gang in W – White and Blue Collar Crime

Chicago that said to be the origin of organized crime 36. Keeping known criminals out of circulation (removal of

*Bootlegging – illegal manufacturing and sale of liquor criminal in society) will reduce crime rates.

33. The concept that conduct norms are passed down from one a) Routine Activities c) Rational Choice

generation to the next so that they become stable within the b) General Deterrence d) Incapacitation

boundaries of a culture. Q - how criminals will be removed from society =

5 Imprisonment

5 *Routine Activities Theory = Felson & Cohen

a. heredity b. inheritance 3 Elements of Predatory Crimes

c. cultural transmission d. DNA a. Presence of Motivated Offender = “Desire”

34. Group of urban sociologists who studies the relationship b. Availability of Suitable Targets = “Victim” / Capability

between environmental conditions and crime. c. Absence of Capable Guardians = Opportunity

a. classical school – cause of crime is FREEWILL Q – in routine activities theory, how crime can be prevented?

b. Chicago school – Robert Ezra Park A – Presence of Police / Law enforcers ➔ PATROL
37. Crime occurs when the wealthy and poor live close to one 42. The law that provides Board Examination for Criminologists in

another. the Philippines.

a) General strain theory a. R.A. 6975 – DILG act of 1990

b) Relative deprivation theory b. R.A. 8551 – PNP Reform Law of 1998

c) Institutional anomie theory c. R.A. 6506 - old Criminology Law (repealed)

d) None of them d. R.A. 8353 – Rape Law of 1997

38. This theory contested the findings of Beccaria’s Free Will Q – Who is the author of RA 6505?

Study, stating that its absence among mentally retardate A – Teodulo Natividad

persons or those with some psychological imbalances and Other contribution of T. Natividad

personality disorders or physical disabilities, could likewise a. RA 4864 – PolCom Law of 1966 (NaPolCom)

lead to violation of laws thereby citing said theory as one of b. RA 5487 – Private Security Agency Law

crime causation. c. PD 968 – Adult Probation law of 1976

A. Classical Criminology b. Positivist Criminology 43. The law that repealed RA 6506 and established the

c. Neoclassical Criminology d. Social Structure Theory “Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018”

39. A type of sexual deviancy where the person achieves sexual a. RA 10175 – Cyber Crime Prevention Act

gratification by cruelty, psychotic desire to often torment b. RA 11131

torture or otherwise abuse his victim. c. RA 10591 – Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition

a. Masochism – submissive algolagnia Code

b. Bestiality – zoophilia = sex with a beast d. RA 10575 – BuCor Law of 2013

c. Sadism – Active Algolagnia 44. He introduced the “theory of imitation” which states that individuals
copy behavior patterns of other individuals, and that those with weaker
d. Barurot Boogie personalities tend to get influenced
40. These are violent acts directed toward a particular person or easier by those with stronger personalities:
members of group merely because the targets share a. Emile Durkheim b) Adolphe Quetelet
discernible racial, ethnic, religious or gender characteristics. c) Gabriel Tarde d) Enrico Ferri
a. Violent crimes - Suggesto Imitatio
b. hate crimes - Behavioral Modeling
c. Copy-cat crimes 45. This theory argues that intelligence is largely determined
d. victimless crimes genetically; that ancestry determines IQ; and, that low
41. A term to denote a premeditated, politically motivated intelligence as demonstrated by low IQ is linked to behavior
violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets (civilian) including criminal behavior:
by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended a. Nature Theory b) Psychological theory
to influence an audience. c) Strain Theory d) Labeling theory
a. Rebellion Alfred Binet – invented the 1st IQ Test
b. piracy Q – what is the normal or average IQ of a human being?
c. Terrorism A – 90 to 110 IQ Pts
d. little war = Guerilla 46. The theory which states that attachment, connection and
*acts of violence (murder, arson, kidnapping etc) to spread a link to society will determine whether a person shall commit
widespread and extraordinary fear to coerce the government a crime or not:
to give in to their unlawful demands =TERRORISM a. social control
WHAT IS THE MAIN GOAL OF TERRORISM = Widespread b) social disorganization
and extraordinary FEAR c) social bond – Travis Hirschi
d) social learning No – No sense of guilt, no remorse, no conscience

Social Control Theories High IQ

a. Social Bond theory – crime is due to weak BOND to “emotional paradox”

society 50. A stage of development when girls begin to have sexual

B – belief feeling for their fathers.

I – involvement a. Oedipus complex b. doing gender

A – Attachment c. Electra complex d. chivalry hypothesis

C – Commitment *Psychosexual Development – Sigmund Freud

b. Containment Theory – Walter Reckless Eros ➔ love and sexuality (Libido) ➔ INBORN
1. Inner Control = self image; temperance, 1. oral = 0 to 2 y/o ➔ “MOUTH”
patience, self control 2. anal = 2 to 3 y/o ➔ “ANUS”
2. Outer Control = “criminogenic pulls” ➔
3. Phallic = 3 to 6 y/o ➔ “GENITAL”
temptations (ex. Sex, money, power, fame)
- attraction to opposite gender
47. A condition in which the glucose (sugar) in the blood falls
Boy → attracted to his mother = OEDIPUS COMPLEX
below levels necessary for normal and efficient brain
Girl → attracted to her father = ELECTRA COMPLEX
functioning.
4. Latency = 6 to Puberty ➔ sexual inactivity
a. hyperglycemia b. hyperglycomia
5. Genital Stage = puberty to adolescence ➔ matured
c. hypoglycemia d. hypoglycomia
sexual behavior
*Premenstrual Syndrome – Katrina Dalton
Q – what if oral stage was skipped, the oral needs will
Women nearing menstruation tends to have
reappear during adulthood. What disorder is this?
irritability and impulsivity
A – Fixated Person
48. This school on crime causation emphasized economic
51. His study focused on the Martin Kallikak family tree and he
determinism and concentrated on the need for the quality
concluded that feeblemindedness is inherited and related to
among all citizens. They provided statistical data which
deviant behavior and poverty. He was the first person to use
claimed to show that variations in crime rates are associated
the term “moron”.
with variations in economic conditions.
a. Calvin Goddard b. Henry Goddard
A. Cartographic School
c. Earnest Hooton d. Charles Goring
b. Socialist School
Earnest Hooton – Biological Inferiority Theory ➔ criminals
c. Psychiatric School
are normally bad looking / physically inferior
d. Chicago School
52. This theory focuses on the development of high crime areas
49. “Manie sans delire” (madness without confusion) This was
associated with the disintegration of conventional values
the term used by Philippe Pinel describing the personality that
caused by rapid industrialization, increased migration and
is characterized by an inability to learn from experience, lack
urbanization.
of warmth, and no sense of guilt better known as:
a. Cultural Deviance Theory
a. psychotic personality
b. Differential Association Theory
b. psychopathic personality
c. Social Disorganization Theory
c. neurotic behavior
d. Strain Theory
d. dementia praecox
53. He invoked that only justified rationale for laws and
Psychopath (A-B-No)
punishment is the principle of the greatest happiness shared
A – anti social / loner / introvert / schizoids
by the greatest number of people.
B – brutal / cruel / vicious
a. Utilitarianism composed of the following

b. Jeremy Bentham A. police, court, and community

c. Felicific Calculus B. legislative, executive, and judiciary – branch of

d. Cesare Beccaria the government

54. These are crimes which are wrong from their very nature. C. police, prosecution and court

Examples of these are murder, robbery, and other violations D. police or law enforcement, courts, and

of the Revised Penal Code. corrections

a. Heinous crimes USCJS ➔ LCC

b. mala in se / mallum inse PCJS ➔ LPCCC
c. Serious crimes 57. Which of the following sub-systems or pillars of the
d. mala prohibita criminal justice system as the prime mover or the initiator
*mala inse of the criminal justice process?
7 A. Court
7 B. prosecution
- naturally evil C. police
- morally wrong D. community
- violation of RPC *Law Enforcement
*mala prohibita - prime mover
- wrong due to an existing law - frontline defender
- some violations of SPL (RA, PD & EO) - gate keeper
1. RA 6539 – anti carnapping law = inse - initiator
2. RA 9262 – Anti VAWC Law = inse - police pillar
3. PD 533 – anti cattle rustling = inse *Prosecution
4. PD 96 – anti blinker and siren law = prohibita - linking pillar
5. EO 26 – Anti Public Smoking = prohibita \ - screening pillar
How to determine if laws are MI or MP - evaluation pillar
1. Similarity Test - lawyer of the state (PP)
a. unique = MP *Court
b. similar to RPC = MI - Centerpiece of CJS
2. Abolition test - most important pillar
a. legal = MP - not under the executive branch
b. illegal = MI - mediator, arbitrator, dispenser of justice
55. As a matter of legal process, a person arrested without - carrier of judicial power (power to apply laws)
warrant shall be subjected following procedure? *Correction
A. Inquest - penalization pillar
B. administrative - rehabilitation pillar
C. dismissal - weakest pillar → failed to fully rehabilitate a person
D. summary → recidivist
*Q – what is the purpose of the conduct of inquest? - tax eating pillar
A – to determine the legality of arrest - color coded pillar
56. As a process, the US Criminal Justice System is *Community –
- independent pillar IV. The first level courts consisting of Metropolitan

- reintegration pillar Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal

58. Which refers to capacities enabling adjudication of Trial Courts, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts and

decisions, enforcement accountability of the process Shari’a Circuit Courts. – true

through civil society and parliamentary oversight A. I, III and IV

A. Demand for remedies B. I, II, III and IV

B. Normative protection C. I, II and III

C. Supply of remedies D. I, II, and IV

D. Customary protection 8

MTC ➔ appeal ➔ RTC ➔ appeal ➔ CA ➔ appeal ➔ 8

SC 1

MTC ➔ 6 years below ➔ apply probation st level courts ➔ MTCs

59. Which of the following is correct in so far as our criminal 2

law and criminal justice is concerned where the nd Level courts ➔ RTC, CTA & Shari’a

provisions of our criminal law are anchored on the 3

classical view? rd Level Courts ➔ SB and CA

A. The purpose of retribution is to punish the guilty as 4
deterrence to criminal th level Court ➔ SC
B. The basis of criminal liability is human free will and MTC ➔ RTC ➔ CA ➔ SC
the purpose of penalty is retribution
RTC ➔ CA ➔ SC
C. The basis of criminal liability is due to external
CTA ➔ CA ➔ SC
pressures beyond the control of man
SB ➔ SC
D. Criminal liability depends upon the minimum age of
Q – what do we a courts who are like courts but not a court?
criminal responsibility
Ex. NLRC – national labor relations court
*Q – what school of thought is being followed by the RPC?
Ex. Military Court – court martial
A – “Eclectic” – MIXED
Ex. PLEB, CSC, RAB / NAB
Classical ➔ Heinous crimes
A – Quasi Judicial Bodies (Extra judicial agencies)
Neo Classical ➔ insane, minors, imbecile ➔ Exempting
61. Which refers to the cult or instant gratification?
Circumstance
A. Non-Utilitarian
Positivist ➔ property crimes ➔ livelihood programs
B. Short-run Hedonism
60. Which of the following are TRUE?
C. Negativism
I. The Philippine Judiciary is a four-tiered court
D. Group Autonomy
system consisting of the Supreme Court as the
62. Which of the following is a goal of reducing crimes?
highest court of the land. – true
a. Crime suppression c. Crime administration
II. The intermediate courts consisting of the Court
b. Crime strategy d. Crime investigation
of Appeals and Sandiganbayan. – false (3rd
*crime control
level court)
*reactive law enforcement
III. The second level courts, which consist of
Q - What concept of police service is jived with crime
Regional Trial Courts, Court of Tax Appeal and
suppression?
Shari’a District Courts – true
A – old concept
63. Considered the father of modern American Criminology. 68. A statement that we would have no crime if we had no

a. Sutherland criminal laws and that we could eliminate all crimes

c. Vollmer – father of modern law enforcement; author of law merely by abolishing all criminal laws.

enforcement code of ethics a) Chaos Effect c) Logomacy

b. Walton b) Anomie d) Anarchy

d. Lombroso 69. Age at which youths begin their delinquent careers.

64. It is an essential element of the so called “judicial a) Adolescent c) Age on onset

power”.That no judge worthy of the name can dispose or b) Aging out d) Delinquent careers

mete out justice with an impartial eye and an even hands *persistence – juveniles who started delinquent careers early

unless he can decide the case or controversy before him tends to continue the crime until adulthood

on its merits alone. 70. He was the forerunner of instrumental theory. He argued

A. Judicial independence c. Decision that upper class creates laws that protect their interest

b. Constitutional office d. Judgment and at the same time the unwanted behavior of all other

3 Powers of the Court members of society.

a. Judicial Power – power to apply the laws a) Ralf Dahrendorf c) Willem Bonger

b. Judicial Independence – power against interference b) George Vold d) Richard Quinney

c. Judicial Review – test of constitutionality of laws 71. He was an English physician, believed that insanity and

65. It means a biological throwback of traits from remote criminal behavior were strongly linked. He stated, “crime

ancestors to the present generation. is a sort of outlet in which their unsound tendencies are

a. Atavism c. Racism discharged; they would go mad because they are

b. Stigmata d. None of them criminals.

66. Crime is a product of transitional neighborhoods and manifest A) John Michael “Boss Mapagmahal” Dionisio

social disorganization and value conflict. B) Henry Maudsley

a) Concentric zone theory c) Social ecology theory C) Phillipe Pinel – “Manie Sans Delire” – madness

b) General strain theory d) Anomie theory without confusion =➔ “psychopath”

transitional neighborhoods – unstable society; mixed residential D) George L. Wilker ➔ “criminology is NOT a science”
and business *Alienist – person / professionals who blames mental
Concentric Zone Theory – Ernest Burgess disorders as the root cause of crime.
Zone 1 – Central Business district *Q – why George Wilker called criminology as non –
Zone 2 – transition zone scientific?
Zone 3 – working class A – criminology is NOT universal
Zone 4 – residential area Ex. Marijuana
Zone 5 – commuter zone Philippines = illegal ➔RA 9165
Q – among the 5 zones, where crimes are usually present?
Canada = legal / Herbal Medicine
A – Zone 2
Same Sex Marriage
67. A group of theories based on the beliefs in demons, witches,
Philippines = illegal
evil spirits and God.
USA = legal
a) Supernatural theory c) utilitarian principle
Prostitution
b) Classical theory d) freewill System
9
*other answer: “pre-classical theory” / Demonological theory
9
Problem: obsolete
Philippines = illegal contract with the tribe of Israel in which they obey his law.

Thailand = legal / regulated It is the foundation of judio-Christian moral teaching and

72. The following represents tax evasion, embezzlement of basis of U.S. legal system.

money (technical malversation), insurance and bank A) Code of Hammurabi c) Mosaic Code

fraud. b) Kalantiao Code (hoax) d) Justianian’s Code

A. Blue-Collar Crimes – “crime of accommodation *Code of Kalantiao ➔ 1433 / Aklan and Panay
and resistance” *Code of Hammurabi ➔ “Babylon”; oldest codified law; Lex
B. Crimes of Repression Talionis; Tit for tat
C. Collarless Crime *Justinian Code – Code of Emperor Justinian that replaced
D. Occupational Crime = “white collar crime” the code of the 12 tables
73. The government and private sector spent an enormous *Q – what is called as the harsh code of Greece?
amount of money for crime detection, prosecution, A – Code of Draco ➔ all crimes is punishable by DEATH
correction and prevention.
78. It is guided by the reality principle: it takes into account
A. Crime is destructive – affects life and property
what is practical and conventional by societal standards
B. Crime is Expensive
(moral principle) / conscience.
C. Crime is Progressive – increase per year
a) Ego c) Superego
D. Crimes is Pervasive – affects all in society
b) Id d) Traits
74. It is a branch in criminology which opposes the
*Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud
theoretical perspective and proposes the involvement of
ID – Instinctual Drive / Pleasure Principle / Animalistic
all stakeholders in the use of non violent solutions.
Desire
A. Masculinity
Ego – Reality Principle / Gateway to Action / Controller
B. Peacemaking Criminology
of action
C. Social Bond
Superego – Conscience / Moral Principles
D. Utilitarianism
79. Criminal behavior depends on the person’s experiences
75. It selects the idea that low female and delinquency rates
with rewards for conventional behaviors and punishment
are a reflection of the leniency which the police treat
for deviant ones. Being rewarded for deviance leads to
female offenders.
crime. (Ronald akers)
A. Masculinity Hypothesis / “chivalry”
a) Social process theory c) differential reinforcement
B. Peacemaking Criminology
b) Neutralization d) Strain theory
C. Social Bond
*Operant Conditioning theory – rewards and punishment
D. Utilitarianism
77. The doctrine that people choose one course of action
76. This stage of sexual interest is relatively inactive.
over another.
A. Anal Stage = 2 to 3 y/o ➔ “anus” a) Utilitarian principle c) Freewill
B. Genital Stage = puberty to adulthood ➔ matured b) Hedonism d) Rational instinct
sexual behavior *principle of utility = people select something with benefits
C. Latency Stage *Hedonism – people choose pleasure and avoid pain

D. Phallic Stage = 3 to 6 y/o ➔ attraction to 78. It exists in the violation of norms that are sufficient to exceed

opposite sex (Oedipus & electra complex) the general tolerance limit of society.

77. The ancient legal codes of the Israelites (1200 B.C), a) Deviant behavior c) Anomie

according to tradition, God entered into a covenant or b) Taboo d) Delinquency

79. An attempt to explain deviance as social process by which 84. It is considered as four times as important as poverty in the

some people who commit deviant acts become to be known home in relation to delinquency; that it fails most frequently

as deviants and the other do not. because of indifference and neglect.

a) Drift theory c) Strain theory – FRAPS a) Control/Punishment c) Home/Family

b) Labeling theory d) Anomie theory - BAN b) Church/Religion d) Discipline/Supervision

*social reaction Theory 4 Styles of Parenting

*Drift Theory ➔ Neutralization theory a. Authoritarian – rigid, high expectation, lack moral support

*Anomie (Emile Durkheim) b. Authoritative – rigid, high expectation, supportive

B – Breakdown of social order c. Permissive / Indulgent – relax, less supervision, free rein

A – absence of social norms d. Neglectful / indifferent – lack physical and emotional

N – normlessness support

80. Theory that explain the basic determinants of human k – kinilala

behavior, including criminality, are constitutionally and k – kinaibigan

physiologically (physical structure) based and often inherited k – kinarelasyon

(heredity). k – kinan*** (censored: toooot)

a) Biological theory c) Ecological theory k – kinalimutan

b) Physiological theory d) Psychological approach 85. It emphasizes of morals and life’s highest spiritual values, the

*other option: Biogenic Approach / Anthropological work and dignity of an individual, and respect for the person

Approach and property of others, general powerful forces.

81. The study of perception of reality and of the mental processes a) Government c) Law Enforcement

required to understand the world we live in. b) Family d) Religion

a) Cognitive theory c) Learning theory 86. The process by which individuals reduce the frequency of

b) Acquisitive theory d) Psychoanalytic theory their offending behavior as they age.

82. Are serial crimes, they are committed by means of series of a) Age on onset c) Aging out

act within a lengthy space of time. b) Reduction age d) Desistance stage

a) Episodic / Episodical / Episoidal c) Instant *spontaneous rescission

10 87. Are those who commit crimes due to aggressiveness

10 a) Habitual criminal – repetitive criminal acts

b) Seasonal d) Static c) Active criminal

*Instant = short period of time b) Professional – highly skilled; source of income

*static = only one place d) Chronic criminal

*seasonal = crime which occur in specific part of the year 88. They are tall, thin and less social and more intellectual than

83. It is a measuring or calculating of the probable duration of other types.

human life; the attempt to correlate the frequency of crime a) Mesomorphy c) Ectomorphy

between parents and children or brothers and sisters. b) Endomorphy d) Somatotype

a) Biometry c) Thermic law 89. It deals with the explanation of crime concerning financial

b) Biosocial behavior d) Inheritance security or inadequacy and other necessities to support life as

*thermic law = Adolphe Quetelet factors to criminality.

Summer ➔ crimes against person a) Ecological approach c) Economic approach

b) Physiological approach d) Psychological approach

Winter ➔ crimes against property
*Economic Approach = “radical criminology” / Critical Theory
/ Conflict Theory / Marxist Criminology a. Criminalistics

Q – who is the father of radical criminology? c. Criminal etiology – Criminogenesis

A – Karl Marx b. Sociology of law

90. Is the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior? d. Penology

a) Crime c) Criminology 96. Which of the following is a goal of reducing crimes?

b) Positivism d) Hedonism a. Crime suppression c. Crime administration

91. Crime rates are a function of neighborhood conditions, b. Crime strategy d. Crime investigation

cultural forces, and norm conflict. Q – what is the act of removal of opportunity to commit crime?

a) Classical/Choice Perspective – freewill A – crime prevention

b) Structural Perspective – “social structure” 97. This theory states that members of the lower class of

c) Process Perspective – “learning” society create an independent subculture with its own

d) Psychological Perspective – personality and behavior set of rules, values and norms in order to cope with

genes, body, defects = Bio social isolation and economic deprivation:

behavior, mental disorder = psycho a. social disorganization theory - “OMUBIPU”

learning, reward, influence = social process 11

finances, inequality = economic 11

92. Determining the nature and cause of specific crime patterns. b. social learning theory – “Albert Bandura”

Studying violence, theft and other crimes. c. cultural deviance theory / Culture Conflict theory

a) Criminal Statistic c) Criminal Behavior Systems (Johann Thorsten Sellin / Albert Cohen)

b) Theory Construction d) Criminal Theory d. strain theory - FRAPS

*Crime patterns = unconscious patterns or habits of doing a 98. The following are NOT categorized under the social

crime (Modus Operandi) – Thomas Byrnes process theories, EXCEPT: ( - x - = + )

93. He advocated the theory that “feeblemindedness” inherited as A. social learning theory

Mendelian Unit, causes crime for the reason that a B. social reaction theory - labeling

feebleminded person is unable to appreciate the C. social control theory – social bond / containment

consequences of his behavior, appreciate the meaning of law. D. social response theory

Invented the term “Moron” 99. This theory believes that crime is a product of learning

a) Emile Durkheim c) Henry Goddard the norms, values and behaviors associated with

b) David Maurer d) Henry Maudsley criminal activity:

94. He is one of the founders of French psychiatry, claimed that A. social learning theory – Albert Bandura

some people behave abnormally even without being mentally B. social reaction theory

ill. He coined the phrase manie sans delire to denote what C. social control theory

eventually was referred to as a psychopathic personality. D. social response theory

a) Phillipe Pinel 100.This theory explains that both conforming behavior and

c) George L. Wilker – criminology is Not a science deviant behavior have two reinforcing elements: an

b) David Maurer inner control system and an outer control system:

d) Henry Maudsley – criminals have mental disorders a. culture conflict theory

(Alienism) b. differential association theory

*manie sans delire = Madness without confusion c. containment theory

95. Is the empirical method of analysis of the causes of crime and d. social disorganization theory

criminal? PART 2:
JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY *Q – what do we call the freedom of the child over the control

1. Refers to any person below 18 years of age or those over of his parents?

but unable to fully take care of themselves from neglect, A – Emancipation (age of 18)

abuse, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination due to some 4. The civil personality of the child is deemed to have been

physical defect or mental disability or condition. commenced upon:

a. child a. birth of the child

b. wards – child under guardianship b. when the child celebrates his first birthday

c. physically disabled c. from the time of his conception – meeting of sperm and

d. youth – greatest asset of nation egg cell

definition of child d. upon reaching the age of majority

*1975 – FM = PD 603 = child below 21 y/o Q – what is the 1st right of a child?

*1989 – Tita Cory = RA 6809 = child below 18 y/o A – right to be born well

*1992 – FVR = RA 7610 5. Under the RA 9344 a child over 15 under 18 is exempted from

Below 18 = child criminal liability unless:

18 above + imbecility = child a. he is committed a heinous crime

2. Act or omission which may not be punishable if committed by b. he is the principal accused

an adult, but becomes unlawful when they are committed by c. he acted without discernment

a child or a person of tender year or one who is in need of d. he acted with discernment

supervision or assistance. Summary of RA 9344

a. crime b. status offense Rule 1: 15 years old below ➔ Automatically Exempted

c. delinquency d. felonies Rule 2: below 18 – rugby, prostitution, mendicancy &
*curfew ordinances ➔ Automatically Exempted
*truancy – absent 20 days Rule 3: 15 & 1 day to 17 ➔ conditional → “Social Worker”
*RA 9211 – tobacco regulation
Determine if there is “Discernment”
*PD 1619 – volatile substance
a. without discernment ➔ EXEMPTED
3. The power of the state to give any form of charity of public
b. with discernment ➔determine the penalty for the alleged
nature. It is the philosophy behind the view that youthful
crime
offender/child in conflict with the law is the victim of improper
b.1: penalty of 6 years below ➔ DIVERSION (45)
care and that the state is duty bound to provide protection.
b.2: penalty of more than 6 years ➔ COURT
a. positivism b. loco parentis
6. A child left by himself without provisions for his needs/or
c. patria potestas d. parens patriae
without proper supervision falls under what special category
Q – what is the english translation of parens patriae?
of a child?
A – father of the state / father of the land
a. abandoned child b. abused child
3 Principles of Parens Patriae
c. neglected child d. dependent child
a. Charity
*Unattended Child
b. CICL are not criminals but victims
2 Types of Neglect
c. Parental Assumption of State
a. Physical Neglect = food, shelter, clothing
*Loco Parentis – Temporary guardian (ex. Teacher, nurses
12
and midwives, babysitter)
12
*Patria Potestas – Parental Authority; power of the parents
b. Emotional Neglect = love, care, attention
over the child
*abandoned = no parents, guardian for 3 months (RA 9523) *child with unknown parents = founding (stateless man)

*dependent = needs are coming from public support Ex. Grace Poe

7. In the absence or death of both parents of the child who shall 11. In case of separation between parents of the child, a child of

continue to exercise authority over the child? such age is given by the court the preference to choose

I. Surviving grand parents between either parents.

II. Elder brother and sister over 21 years of age a. under 9 years of age b. 7 years of age

III. Surviving parents of child c. 10 years of age d. 5 years of age

IV. Actual custodian of the child over 21 years of age. *Tender years doctrine (note: only for legit child)

a. I, II and IV only b. I and II only Below 7 = maternal preference

c. I, II, III only d. all of the above 7 above = power of choice

*substitute parental authority ➔ in case of death or absence 12. A child born inside a marriage where either party is suffering

of both parents from an impediment.

Abandoned ➔ “CLAAD” = child legally available for adoption a. illegitimate child b. legitimated child

8. Refers to the totality of the circumstances which are most c. legitimate child d. adopted child

beneficial for the child. Q – can an illegitimate child use the surname of his father?

a. child as zone of peace A – Yes, RA 9255

b. nation building 13. This refers to the apprehension or taking into custody of a

c. best interest of the child child who committed an offense by the law enforcement

d. presumption of minority officer:

*child as zone of peace – status of children during armed a. initial contact with the child

conflict b. preliminary investigation

-1 c. initial investigation

st evacuate d. inquest proceedings

-1 *no handcuff

st shelter *no torture

- not allowed to be recruited as soldiers *search – same gender

- daycare center, schools and hospitals are not 14. In case of a child in conflict with the law, his age shall be

allowed to be used as barracks determine. In the absence of proof what principle shall be

*Presumption of minority – principle to be followed in case of observed?

absence of proof of age of the child a. He is presumed to be minor

9. Children shall be given priority during_____ as result of armed b. He should prove his age

conflict? c. The Birth certificate should be produced pending such

a. war b. treatment issuance he should be hold.

c. evacuation d. education d. The testimony of the child should be enough to prove his

10. Refers to a child raise to the status of legitimate child by age.

subsequent marriage of his/her parents. 15. It is the psychological, emotional and behavioral reactions

a. illegitimate b. legitimated and deficits of women victims and their inability to respond to

c. legitimate d. adopted repeated physical and psychological violence?

*Marriage then child = legitimate A. Battered Woman Syndrome

*child then marriage = legitimated B. Battered Wife – victim of battery

*child without marriage = illegitimate C. Abused Woman

D. Rape trauma syndrome SC – if there is a conflict between a general law vs a special

*Q – what is the landmark case that created the doctrine of law, the special law will prevail

the battered woman syndrome? SC – if there is a conflict between 2 special laws, the latest

A – PP vs Marivic Genosa special law will prevail

Q – what is the requirement for the BWS to be considered as 19. This refers to pledging by the debtor of his or her personal

an absolutory cause? services or those of a person under his or her control as

A – the abuse must be on the 2nd cycle of violence security or payment for a debt, when the length and nature of

Cycle of Violence services are not clearly defined:

1. Tension Building Stage = “minor battery” a. debt bondage b. involuntary servitude

2. Acute Battery Stage = “grave abuses” c. abuse d. slavery

3. Tranquil Loving Stage = reconciliation *Q – human trafficking is considered as ________

16. Child in conflict with the law may undergo diversion program A – modern day slavery

without necessity of court intervention on the following: 20. A working child below fifteen years old may be allowed to work

a. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed is for only _______ hours per day:

not more than six (6) years imprisonment; a. eight b. four

b. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed c. five d. six

exceeds six (6) years imprisonment; *RA 9231 – Eliminating Worst forms of Child Labor

c. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed Q – general rule, is a child allowed to work?

exceeds six (6) years but not more than 12 years A – no.

imprisonment; Exception:

d. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed 1. Entertainment (TV, movies, commercials)

does not exceeds 12 years imprisonment. 2. directly working with parents

17. All records and proceedings involving children in conflict with 3. Nature of Work

the law from initial contact until final disposition of the case X – underground x – high altitude x - model

shall be: X – underwater x – toxins (condom, liquor)

a. placed in the dockets of court forms part of the public 4. Working Permit – Signed by the Parents and the DOLE

record; 5. Education – up to secondary

b. open to the public; 6. time

c. considered restricted; 15 below = 4hrs a day or 20 hrs per week

13 = (6am to 8pm)

13 Above 15 = 8hrs a day or 40 hrs per week

d. considered privileged and confidential = (6am to 10pm)

Q – what is the nature of the trial of the CICL? 7. Salary

A – “closed court” 100% - working child

18. It is the act of buying and selling children: Max 20% = share to parents

a. OPLAN Senior High b. prostitution Min 30% = trust fund / savings

c. abuse d. trafficking 21. In cases of working children, this has the duty of securing the

*Q – what law will be used in case of child trafficking? permit from the Department of Labor and Employment:

a. RPC – White Slavery a. parents b. working child

b. RA 7610 – “child trafficking” (1992) c. manager d. employer

c. RA 9208 – Human Trafficking (2004) 22. This form of violence includes acts causing or likely to cause
mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not *pornography – anything that depicts sexually exciting content

limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking and repeated (video, photo, drawing, audio & written)

verbal abuse: 2 Types of Porn

a. battery b. psychological a. Soft Core Porn = no penetration (ex. Vivamax) – legal

c. sexual d. physical b. Hard Core Porn = with penetration (ex. Pinayflix, xbree,

*stalking – unauthorized illegal following of a woman sarapbeh, youjizz, youporn, beeg, Pornhub) – illegal

Q – what type of violence does stalking belongs? 3 Laws Against Porn

A – Psychological 1. RPC – indecent shows and publication (written porn)

23. The following person are liable for child prostitution, EXCEPT: 2. RA 9995 – anti photo and video voyeurism (Careless

a. those who act as procurer of child prostitute – pimp whisper Act)

b. children recruited as prostitutes – victim 3. RA 9775 – anti child pornography

c. managers or owners of the establishment where the 27. Before any petition for adoption may be approved, the adopter

prostitution takes place – beneficiary and the adoptee must first undergo a supervised trial custody

d. clients of child prostitute – customer for a period of:

Q – how attempted child prostitute is committed? a) at least six months b) not more than six months

A – RA 7610, Yes! – if a man (stranger) and the child is alone c) at least one year d) not less than one year

in a room / hotel / motel / lodging house / pension house *Adopter – adoptive parent

24. The legislative act that penalizes the acts, means and *Adoptee – adoptive child

purposes of human trafficking: 14

a. R.A. 9344 - JJWS 14

b. R.A. 7610 - ACAL Who may adopt?

c. R.A. 9208 a. Filipino

d. R.A. 8043 – intercountry adoption - legal age ➔ 21 y/o

RA 8552 – domestic Adoption - age difference = 16 years
25. It refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the - GMRC
woman or her child resulting to the physical and psychological - Not convicted with any crime
or emotional distress. b. Alien
a. stalking b. economic abuse - 27 y/o
c. battery d. sexual violence - age difference = 16 years
*battery = act - GMRC
*battered wife = victim - not convicted of any crime
*battered woman syndrome = effect - 3 years consecutive residency
26. Refers to a program organized by travel establishments and - from country with diplomatic relations
individuals which consist of packages or activities, utilizing 28. This refers to the document issued by the court signifying the
and offering escort and sexual services as enticement for approval of the application for adoption:
tourists. a) decree of adoption b) petition for adoption - application
a. prostitution b. exploitation c) annulment d) rescission
c. sex tourism d. pornography 29. Emancipation takes place when:
*prostitution – sex for hire a) the parents decide to emancipate him or her
RPC – prostitution is only committed by a woman b) the child becomes 18 years old
Male – RA 9208 – Human trafficking (Gigolo) c) the child is already married
d) the child applies for it *Camp Vicente Madrigal

30. The law enforcement officer must ensure that all statements 35. An Act Strengthening the Juvenile Justice System in the

signed by the child during investigation are witnessed and Philippines.

signed by the following: A. RA 9344

a) his parents, lawyer and social worker B. RA 10630

b) his parents or guardian C. RA 10627

c) legal counsel D. RA 8960

d) social worker JJWC – Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council

31. Discernment is the determining factor if the CICL is over RA 9344 = under DOJ

fifteen years old. The decision as to whether the child acted RA 10630 = under DSWD

with or without discernment is made initially by the _______: Facility for CICL

a) social worker c) law enforcer – “age” RA 9344 = Youth Rehab Center

b) CICL d) judge – “guilt” RA 10630 = Bahay Pag Asa

32. The age of full criminal responsibility is: Crimes not Applicable for CICL

a. Less than 18 but more than 70 years old RA 9344 = rugby, prostitution, mendicancy

b. More than 18 but less than 70 years old RA 10630 = + Ordinances

c. Over 15 but under 18 years old Crimes needed to be executed its penalty when the CICL

d. Not less than 18 but not more than 70 years old reaches 18 y/o

Q – what is the age of criminal irresponsibility? RA 10630 ➔ if the crime is serious not allowed to
A – 15 years old and below be extended (ex. Murder, rape, arson, carnapping)
33. It pertains to the document that must be signed by the parents 36. It is one of the most important assets of the nation. Thus,
of the child in conflict with the law as part of the conditions of every effort should be exerted to promote his welfare and
diversion: enhance his opportunities for a useful and happy life.
a) contract of diversion proceedings A. Teenager
b) certification of conciliation B. Kid
c) memorandum of agreement C. Child
d) contract of diversion – 45 days D. Youth
*Diversion – alternative proceeding to make child responsible 37. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council is under what
for his act without going to formal court proceedings (formal agency of the government?
settlement) A. Department of Justice
Q – what if the parent of the CICL refuse the contract of B. Department of Social Welfare and Development
diversion? C. Department of Tourism
A – filing of charges D. Department of Interior and Local Government
34. When the CICL while under suspended sentence, became 38. It shall coordinate with the Local Council for the Protection of
incorrigible and when the court decides to execute the Children in the formulation and implementation of juvenile
suspended sentence, the child must be transferred to a: intervention and diversion programs in the community

a) youth rehabilitation center ➔ “bahay pag asa” (Barangay).

b) youth detention home ➔ “under trial” A. Women and Children Protection Desk

c) agricultural farm B. Local Government Unit

d) prison – BuCor ➔ “adults” C. Sangguniang Kabataan

D. Local Social Welfare and Development

National ➔ JJWC under DSWD his/her liberty; detention or imprisonment being a

LGU ➔ Local council for the protection of children disposition of last resort, and which shall be for the

(LCPC) shortest appropriate period of time

D. The right to bail and recognizance, in appropriate cases

Brgy ➔ Sangguniang Kabataan
15 Rights of a CICL
39. It refers to a person whose behavior results with repeated
1. x – death penalty 11. right to be with his parents
conflict with the law.
2. x – life sentence 12. Imprisonment – last resort
A. Delinquent
3. x – reclusion perpetua 13 imprisonment – separated
B. Habitual delinquent – 3x or more time within 10 years
4. x – torture from adults
C. Juvenile – latin “juvenilis” ➔ youth v
5. x – handcuff
D. Recidivist – 2
6. search → same gender 14. Imprisonment – same gender
nd crime of the same title
7. right to bail 15. Guilty – automatic suspension of
40. This view asserts that children who started delinquent careers
8. right to diversion sentence
early and committed violent acts throughout their
9. right to probation
adolescence would likely to continue as adults.
10. right to confidentiality
A. Culture conflict
43. Who are those with any behavioral disorder, whether
15
functional or organic, which of such a degree of severity as to
15
require professional help or hospitalization?
B. Persistence
A. Mentally Ill Children
C. Containment theory
B. Physically Handicapped Children
D. Reflective role taking
C. Emotional Disturbed Children
*Latent Trait Theory = all men have master traits / remain
D. Retarded at Maturity
constant throughout the life course
7 Special Categories of Children
*Life Course theory = people experience turning points in
1. Dependent → needs are coming from public support
life that affects their behavior either positive or negative
2. Neglected → needs are inadequate
41. What is an institution that receives and rehabilitates youthful
3. Abandoned → no parents / guardian for 3 months
offenders or other disturbed children who have behavioral
4. Handicapped → physically challenged (buta, bungol,
problems for the purpose of determining the appropriate care
amang, piang)
for them or recommending their permanent treatment or
5. Retarded → mentally sub normal / low IQ
rehabilitation in other child welfare agencies?
Levels of Retardation
A. Rehabilitation Center – “bahay pag asa”
a. Borderline / Dull Group = 75 to 89 pts (9 to 12)
B. Reintegration Center
b. Educable / Moron = 50 to 74 pts (6 to 9)
C. Reformation Center
c. Trainable / imbecile = 25 to 49 pts (3 to 6)
D. Restoration Center
d. Custodial / Idiot = below 25 (1 to 3)
42. Which among the following is not part of the rights of a child
Average IQ = 90 to 110
in conflict with the law?
6. Emotionally disturbed – neurosis (anxiety, depression,
A. The right to be imposed a sentence of capital punishment
phobia)
or life imprisonment, without the possibility of release
7. Mentally ill – severe mental disorder (ex. Psychosis)
B. The right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel,
44. A delinquent child who internalizes his conflicts and becomes
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
preoccupied with his feelings is a:
C. The right not to be deprived, unlawfully or arbitrarily, of
A. Social delinquent
B. Accidental delinquent Nuclear + separation + remarriage = blended family

C. Asocial delinquent Father + mother = no child ➔ “conjugal family”

D. Neurotic delinquent 48. It is the application of the criminal justice to minors and
Types of Delinquent Youth (NAPEESA) youthful offender through the cooperation of the criminal

N – neurotic ➔ “preoccupied feelings” justice system.

A – Accidental ➔ “curiosity / peer pressure” A. Child Justice System

P – psychiatric ➔ mental disorder B. Youth Justice System

C. Minor Justice System

E – Environmental ➔ occasional law breaker
D. Juvenile Justice & Welfare System – RA 9344 as amended
E – emotionally maladjusted ➔ habitual and chronic
by RA 10630
S – Social ➔ aggressive youth, resents authority
Q – what type of justice is applicable for juvenile justice and
A – Asocial ➔ “antisocial” / cold, brutal, no remorse
welfare system?
(Psychopath)
16
45. This is the highest group of mentally retarded, with I.Q.s from
16
about 75 to about 89. The members of this classification are
a. retributive justice = justice by means of penalty
only slightly retarded and they can usually get by in regular
b. restorative justice = reparation and indemnification of
classes if they receive some extra help, guidance and
damages
consideration.
c. transformative justice = justice outside the justice system
A. Trainable group
d. punitive justice
B. Custodial group
49. A category of delinquency which may be credited to peer
C. Educable group
pressure or pure curiosity on the part of the young person.
D. Borderline or low normal group – Dull
A. Social
46. This cause of behavioral disorder of the youth is a result of
B. Accidental
factors such as personal problems, ignorance and curiosity.
C. Neurotic
A. Predisposing factor – internal propensities “actus interna” /
D. Asocial
Mens Rea
50. It asserts that lower class youths with limited legitimate
B. Environmental factor
opportunity, join gangs and pursue a criminal career to
C. Biologic factor
achieve alternate means universal success goals.
D. Precipitating factor – “root cause / cause of trigger of
A. Culture conflict
delinquency”
B. Social development model
47. This is where the molding of the character of the child starts
C. Containment theory
and every member of the family should strive to make it a
D. Differential opportunity -Lloyd Ohlin
wholesome and a harmonious place.
51. Under the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006”, which
A. Family – smallest unit of society
among the following refers to a child who is alleged as,
B. Home
accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an offense
C. Church
under Philippine laws?
D. School
A. Juvenile Delinquent
Q – what type of family is composed of the mother, father and
B. Child in Conflict with the Law
children?
C. Minor Offender
A – nuclear family
D. Youth Criminal
Nuclear + relative + inlaws = extended family
USA = CHINS – Child in Need of Supervision
Note: the term CICL will be used in ALL pillars C. Coast

CAR = Child at Risk ➔ child prone to commit crime D. Waft

52. It refers to anti-social act which deviates from normal pattern 58. What is a child caring institution that provides care for six or

of rules and regulations. more children below six years of age twenty-four hours a day,

A. Recidivism except those duly licensed to offer primarily medical and

B. Juvenile delinquency educational services?

C. Quasi recidivism – another “felony” while serving sentence A. Nursery

D. Delinquency B. Detention Home – for CICL under trial

53. It refers to persons and individuals who are effective C. Day Care

deterrents to crime and delinquency such as police or D. Maternity

watchful and concerned neighbors. 59. It refers to a series of activities, which are designed to address

A. Clever guardians issues that caused the child to commit an offense. It may take

B. Proficient guardians the form of an individualized treatment program, which may

C. Capable guardians include counseling, skills training, education, and other

D. Qualified guardians activities that will enhance his/her psychological, emotional

*routine Activities Theory and psychosocial well-being.

54. It exists when the child is malnourished, ill clad and without A. Diversion

proper shelter. A child is unattended when left by himself B. Rehabilitation

without provision for his needs and/or without proper C. Probation

supervision. What classification of neglected child is this? D. Intervention

A. Physically Neglected Child DIFFERENCES INTERVENTION DIVERSION

B. Psychologically Neglected Child When? If the CICL is

C. Emotionally Neglected Child exempted

D. Sexually Neglected Child If the child has

55. Family home type which provide temporary shelter from 10 to discernment

20 days for children under observation by the DSWD. What? Designed to cure the

A. Receiving homes behavior of the child

B. Maternity homes – pregnant women and their children Make the child

C. Nursery – below 6 years old responsible for his

D. Shelter care institution act without formal

56. His delinquent act has a cold, brutal, vicious quality for which proceeding

the youth feels no remorse. Where? Community Based Police, Brgy,

A. Asocial DSWD

B. Neurotic 60. This period of human life covers puberty to 17 years old.

C. Accidental A. Adolescence

D. Social B. Early adolescence

57. View that youth can move in and out of delinquency and that C. Juvenile

their lifestyle can adjust and embrace both deviant and D. None of the above

conventional values. Stages of Human Development

A. Swift 1. Pre natal = conception to 9 months

B. Drift 2. infancy = birth to 2 weeks – “shortest period”

3. Babyhood = 2 weeks to 2 years old – rapid development / *Hospicio de San Michelle – juvenile reformatory created by

appealing stage Pope Clement XI

4. Early Childhood – 2 to 6 y/o = Preschool age; troublesome age 64. In what year was the New York House of Refuge, the first

5. Late Childhood – 6 to 10 or 12 = Elementary; gang age to segregate juvenile offenders and adult criminals

6. Puberty = 10 or 12 to 14 y/o = rapid change; variable age; established?

overlapping age A. 1845

7. Adolescence = 14 to 17 – Threshold of adulthood B. 1824

8. Early adulthood = 18 to 40; time of reproduction; time of C. 1899 – 1

stress; time of isolation st juvenile court = Chicago, Illinois

9. Middle Age = 40 to 60 y/o – dangerous age; time of D. 1812

retirement; time of empty nest. 65. Which statement exemplifies that without the very source

10. Old age / Senescence = 60 to Death – age of decline / of strength and courage of individual, man may develop

aging out; wish for rejuvenation fear and inferiority? (inferiority complex / avoidant)

61. A 24-hour child-caring institution that provide short term A. It is through companionship where warmth is felt by

resident care for youthful offenders. a child.

A. Bahay Pag-asa - YRC B. Security is the state of being secure, specifically

B. Nursery freedom from danger, risk, care and apprehension.

C. Child caring institution C. This is one thing needed in a family for a child.

D. Foster home = place for adoption D. Children's accomplishments and

62. It refers to a principle, which requires a process of resolving resourcefulness deserve appreciation and

conflicts with the maximum involvement of the victim, the reward

offender and the community. It seeks to obtain reparation for 66. Identify the child who has no proper parental love or

the victim; reconciliation of the offender, the offended and the guardianship or whose parent have deserted him for a

community; and reassurance to the offender that he/she can period of at least 3 continuous months.

be reintegrated into society. It also enhances public safety by A. Neglected

activating the offender, the victim and the community in B. Independent

prevention strategies. C. Dependent

A. Restorative Justice D. Abandoned

B. Rehabilitative Justice PD 603 – 6 months

C. Reformative Justice RA 9523 – 3 months

D. Reintegrative Justice 67. Which of the following is NOT a part of the working

63. Which Of the following became the model institution for definition of restorative justice?

all American juvenile offenders? A. Isolation → imprisonment (retributive justice)

A. House of ill repute B. Diversion

B. Bridewell Workhouse – 1 C. Protection

st English Prison (England) D. Prevention

C. Reformatory school – youth rehabilitation Center *other answer: incapacitation, confinement, incarceration,

D. New York House of refuge commitment

*Borstal – 1 Keywords for restorative justice : reparation, resolution,

st juvenile reformatory in England (Sir Evelyn resolving, payment damages, restitution of property, non

Brise) punitive solution

68. Which child as determined by the LSWDO to have been 18

maltreated, whether habitual or not 73. It is a model when the father is the chief executive officer

A. Dependent and the mother is the operating officer that implements

B. Abused – RA 7610 the father’s policy and manages the staff (children) which

C. Abandoned in turn have privileges and responsibilities based on their

D. Neglected seniority.

Q - Is hitting your child as disciplinary measure considered as A. The boarding school model

abuse? B. The corporate model

A – No, abuse must have an element of CRUELTY C. The military model

Cruelty = deed or words that degrades human dignity D. The team model

69. Which system refers to legislation, norms, and standards, 74. It is when the father is the general, the mother is the

procedures, mechanisms, institutions, and bodies guard duty with a special assignment to the nurse corps

specifically applicable to juvenile offenders? when needed and the kids are the grunts.

A. Criminal justice – adult offenders A. The corporate mode

B. Barangay justice – crime with penalty of 1 year B. The military model

below or fines of 5,000 or less (PD 1508) C. The team model

C. Retributive justice – penalty and fines D. The theatrical model

D. Restorative justice 75. Is one who has no proper parental care or guardianship,

70. Which is NOT a physically neglected child? or whose parents or guardians have deserted him for a

A. Ill-clad without proper shelter period of at least six continuous months.

B. When a child is malnourished a. Dependent child c. Abandoned child

C. Mentally subnormal – retarded b. Neglected child d. All of them

D. Child who is unattended when left by himself 76. A child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as,

without provision of his need and/or proper having committed an offense under Philippine laws.

supervision. a. Child at Risk c. Child in Conflict with the Law

71. A person with mental defectiveness of such a degree b. Initial Contact with-the Child d. Intervention

that he is unable to guard himself against common 87. Refer to a series of activities which are designed to

physical dangers. address issues that caused the child to commit an

A. Feeble –Minded offense.

B. Idiot – custodial group a. Child at Risk

C. Imbecile b. Child in Conflict with the Law

D. Schizophrenia c. Juvenile Justice and Welfare System

72. They are parents who are punitive and enforce forceful d. Intervention Program

disciplinary measures. These parents are not 88. Who will impose the diversion program of the minor if the

responsive to their children and show little warmth and imposable penalty is more than 6 years?

support. a. Law Enforcement Agency c. Court

A. Authoritarian Parents b. DSWD d. Family

B. Authoritative Parents 89. It is mainly concerned with evaluating and interpreting

C. Indifferent Parents interpersonal relationships and dynamic transactions

D. Indulgent Parents between the client and his environment.

18 a. Reality therapy c. Transactional analysis

b. Social case work d. Vocational counseling peace officer or public officer in charge with the

90. Childhood trauma is an example of ___. law violate, the state

a. Sex crime c. Environmental factor c. the parents, any peace officer, grandparents, that

b. PD 603 d. Juvenile delinquency state and any other public officer in charge of the law

91. The goal of any juvenile justice system is: violated.

A. punish children d. Peace Officer, any public officer, the parents,

B. save children from becoming criminals grandparents, the state

C. remove children from the streets RA 7610 & RA 9262 = Public Crimes – any person with

D. ensure that children are in school personal knowledge can file the case

92. Generally, the specific act of delinquency is: 96. Any peace officer after initial contact with the child in

A. a symptom of more complex problem conflict with the law whose age is 15 and below

B. unrelated to child’s delinquency (automatically exempted) shall _____?

C. a problem to be ignored a. bring him to the DSWD

D. a beginning of a criminal career b. release the child to the custody of his/ her parents.

93. Under the doctrine of __________, the state has every c. shall give notice to the local social welfare and

right to protect the children form improper upbringing. development officer who will determine the

A. prima facie appropriate programs (intervention).

C. patria potestas – parental authority d. released to duly registered nongovernmental or

B. in loco parentis – temp guardian religious organization

D. parents patriae 97. The emergency, temporary custody by a child welfare

A – analyze = “direct translation” agency, police agency, or hospital for reasons of

C – Compare imminent danger to the child is called __________

E – Eliminate A. Preventive detention – suspects while under trial

It refers to the law that gave rights to a person who is arrested, (commitment order)

detained or under custodial investigation B. Diversion

a. RA 6975 – DILG “tri-bureau” C. Witness protection program

b. RA 9262 – VAWC D. Protective custody

c. RA 7438 19

d. RA 8551 – PNP Reorganization Act 19

fill in blanks 98. Instances where a preliminary investigation and filing of

a _______ = consonant bcfdfghjklmn information is conducted to a child in conflict with law?

an ________ = vowel aeiou a. When the child in conflict with the law does not

94. How is the modification of home conditions by death, qualify for diversion (more than 6 years)

divorce, or desertion referred to? b. When the child, his/her parents or guardian does

A. family cohesiveness – complete members not agree to diversion

B. family disintegration c. When considering the assessment and

C. family migration – transfer of residence recommendation of the social worker, the

D. broken home prosecutor determines that diversion is not

95. Who may file a complaint concerning abuse of child? appropriate for the child in conflict with the law.

a. parents, offended party, grandparents, the state d. All of the above

b. the offended party, parents, grandparents, any 99. At between what ages is considered as a conditional
responsibility? 2. covert – “hidden / unobservable” (ex. Dreams)

a. 15 - 18 3. Voluntary = “controllable” (on / off)

c. 16 - 18 4. Involuntary = uncontrollable (automatic)

b. 12 - 15 5. Conscious = “aware”

d. 15 - 17 6. Unconscious = unaware (ex. Somnambulism – sleep

Q - What is being determined by the social worker? talking / walking)

A - Discernment 7. simple – one act at a time / less neurons

100.Grounds for the return of the youthful offender to court 8. complex = 2 or more acts at the same time

for the pronouncement of judgment. 9. instinctive = necessary for survival (hunger, thirst, libido)

a. found incorrigible → agricultural camp 10. habitual = repetitive motor acts

b. has willfully failed to comply with the conditions of 11. symbolic= symbols, images, signs

his rehabilitation programs 3. It is a behavior pattern where an individual return to a state of

c. should his continued stay in the training institution form adjustment and attempt to experience them again in

be inadvisable memory.

d. all of them a. phobia – irrational and exaggerated fear

PART 3: b. anger – expression of aggression

HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY b. frustration – feeling caused by blockage of goal

1. It refers to the sum total of man's reaction to his d. regression

environment or the way human beings act. (narrow) 4. This personality system controls the gateway to action.

a. Human Beings → highest form of animal a. alter ego

b. Learning – change of behavior as a product of b. Id – pleasure principle

experience c. ego

c. Human Behavior d. Superego - conscience

d. Stimulus – any external forces / action producing agent *Alters – other personality inside a person suffering from

(scent, images, objects, food, sounds) multiple personality disorder (DID – dissociative identity

*Human Behavior – any response of a human being to an disorder)

internal and external stimulus 5. What is the process of interpreting our behavior in ways to

34-24-36 (stimulus) ➔ 360 degrees (response) = HB make it more acceptable to the self usually with the use of

Santol (stimulus) ➔ make face (response) = HB good reasons and alibi to substitute for real cause?

a. projection b. sublimation
Yah yah yah yah (stimulus) ➔ jive to the music (response) =
c. rationalization d. Compensation
HB
*compensation – “cover up deficiencies”
2. Refers to any behavioral reactions or reflexes exhibited by
*sublimation – anger/pain is directed to acceptable channels
people because of their inherited capabilities or the process
6. Conflicts and their behavioral outcomes are classified as
of natural selection. (ex. Crying, sucking, fart, burp)
follows, EXCEPT:
a. Inherited Behavior
a. avoidance-approach
b. Inborn Behavior
b. avoidance-avoidance (- -)
c. Learned Behavior → “operant”
c. approach-avoidance (+ -)
d. both a and b
d. approach-approach (+ +)
Types of Behavior
*conflict – any 2 or more goals or motivation which are
1. overt – “visible”
incompatible with one another
Natatae na ko *neuroticism

Last day of board exam *psychoneurosis

“Lisensya (+ -) or Puwit (+ -)” 11. Texting while driving is an example of what classification of

7. Manny, angry at his girlfriend, boxed a nearby tree manifests human behavior?

what particular defense mechanism? a. Habitual

a. repression b. sublimation b. symbolic

c. displacement d. projection c. Instinctive

8. Kadyo Tero, a B.S. Criminology student, after tasting an d. Complex

unripe mango grimaced. This sensation is said to be: 12. It refers to the person’s knowledge of a given stimulus which

a. olfactory b. Auditory largely helps to determine the actual behavioral response in

c. cutaneous d. gustatory a given situation.

hallucination – false perception a. Perception

5 Sensations b. awareness

C – cutaneous – “touch” c. Sensation

A – auditory – “hearing” d. Learning

V – visual – “sight” Causes of human Behavior

O – olfactory – “smell” (James – Lange Theory)

20 a. Stimulus – action producing agent (mga bagay na

20 nararamdaman) ex. Music

G – “gustatory” – Taste b. Sensation – human receptors ; senses (CAVOG) ex.

9. This is a serious mental and emotional disorder that is a Auditory

manifestation of withdrawal from reality. c. Perception – knowledge of stimulus (ex. Loud, noisy, soft,

a. Neurosis b. Depression disturbing, annoying)

c. Psychosis d. Anxiety d. Response – reaction to the stimulus (jive to the music,

*psychoticism bang your head)

*psychoses e. Awareness – interpretation of past experiences (memory)

2 Types of Psychosis 13. A person who is a balanced introvert and extrovert is said to

a. Organic Psychosis – caused by natural reasons be:

ex. Old age = dementia → Alzheimer’s a. Psychotic

ex. Head trauma = cerebral concussion b. ambivert

ex. Heredity = genetic disease c. Neurotic

ex. Toxins = poisons d. angry bird

b. Functional Psychosis Personality Traits Affecting HB

1. depression a. Introvert – loner, less sociable, afraid of socialization, love

2. drug addiction solitude

3. Post partum depression b. Extrovert – thrill, adventure, sociable, friendly, out going.

4. PTSD – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder c. Ambivert – balanced intro and extro

(warshock) 14. Coping mechanism is the way people react to __________.

10. It is characterized by anxiety, depression and phobia. a. Fear

a. psychoses b. neuroses b. anxiety

c. abnormality d. Psychopathy c. Frustration

d. Anger 19. This is an abnormal mental condition whereby a person

Types of Coping Mechanism performs an act while sleeping.

1. Fight – “direct approach” a. somnambulism b. mesmerism

2. Flight – withdrawal; giving up; sulking, suicide c. somnolencia d. delirium

3. Detour – look for a substitute alternative *Fugue – unconscious wandering

Frustration Tolerance = ability of a person to withstand 20. Animals are used for the achievement of sexual excitation and

frustration gratification.

15. It can be seen among people who handle their problems in a a. voyeurism – watching a naked person

very objective way. 21

a. Coping Mechanism 21

b. Direct Approach b. fetishism – sexual fantasy in an object

c. Detour c. pedophilia – sex with a minor

d. Withdrawal d. bestiality

16. Human actions in relation to events taking place inside the *Zoophilia

body such as the brain and the nervous system is known as: *Gerontophilia – sex with an old person

a. Neurological 21. A person has _____ when he/she has painful memories

b. psychological associated with some shocking experience which are

c. Cognitive – brain and mental processes repressed and cannot be recalled.

d. Humanistic – goal and experiences a. anxiety b. delusions

e. Behavioral – behavior must be overt c. amnesia d. phobia

Q – Mario is a funeral parlor attendant, he takes pleasure by Types of Amnesia

imagining himself having sex with a newly dead young female a. Retrograde – forgot all in the past

body. What behavior did he manifest? b. Anterograde – forgot what has just occurred

a. rape c. Localized – selective amnesia / part of the past

b. malicious mischief 22. This is a mentally disturbed person who is opposed to the

c. necrophilia principles upon which society is based.

d. none a. Anti-social b. Psychopath

17. It is the ability to withstand frustration without developing c. Schizophrenic d. Sociopath

inadequate modes of response such as being emotionally 23. A morbid insanity characterized by a deep and morbid sense

depressed or irritated, becoming neurotic, or becoming of religious feeling.

aggressive. a. mania b. mania fanatica

a. Frustration Tolerance c. delusion d. legal insanity

b. Frustration Shield 24. This is impairment in desire for sexual gratification in the

c. Frustration Flexibility female or an inability to achieve it.

d. all of the above a. masturbation b. prostitution

18. Which of the following items does not belong to the group? c. exhibitionism d. frigidity

a. prostitution b. assassination Sexual Organ Disorder

c. sabotage d. bombing Male

*all remaining choices are tactics of terrorism a. Erectile Dysfunction = failure to erect

*assassination – oldest tactic of terrorists (excellent cadaver) b. Premature Ejaculation = fast and easy to

*bombing – most common tactic of terrorist ejaculate

c. retarded ejaculation = took too long to ejaculate which states that all form the psychodynamic approach

Female that views humans as biologically driven (pleasure) when

a. arousal insufficiency = “frigid” / dry / numb they want it unless they are held in check by internal and

b. orgasmic dysfunction = failure to climax external force (moral principle)

c. dyspareunia = painful coitus A. Behavior

d. vaginismus = spasm / lock B. Heredity

common type of hymen = annular C. Conscience – super ego

tearing of hymen = defloration D. Personality

25. A personality disorder characterized by suspiciousness, 29. What internal processes are used to explain human

hypersensitivity, envy, excessive self important, and behavior which social learn great emphasis on cognitive

argumentativeness, plus a tendency to blame others for one’s processes?

own mistakes and failure and to ascribe evil motives to others. A. Creating and thinking

A. Paranoid Personality B. Understanding and remembering

B. Dependent Personality – no self reliance C. Analyzing and understanding

C. Schizoid Personality – loners / introvert D. Thinking and remember

D. Borderline Personality – drastic mood shift 30. Which refers to self-focused attention toward one’s

Types of Paranoia thoughts and feeling

a. Persecutory = feeling blamed A. Depression – excessive sadness (Melancholia)

b. jealous paranoia = irrational jealousy B. Aggression – expression of anger

c. erotic paranoia = sexual delusions (GGSS) C. Rumination

d. exalted paranoia = god, hero, savior D. Frustration – feeling of blockage of goal

*Histrionic = immature and dramatic *Euphoria = excessive happiness / feeling of well-being

*avoidant = afraid of rejection 31. Which are the manifestations of overt (visible)

*Schizotypal = magic / superstition aggression (violence)?

*obsessive – compulsive = repetitive perfectionism A. Direct confrontation with victims, generally

26. When the disorder is characterized by chronic mental and decreases with age (aging out phenomenon)

physical fatigue and by various aches and pains, it is B. A hostile act displayed in response to a

considered as: perceived threat or provocation

A. Anxiety Disorder C. Is unprovoked, deliberate, goal-directed

B. Somatoform Disorder – psychosomatic pain behavior used to influence or coerce (voluntary

disorder behavior

C. Dissociative Disorder D. Concealment, dishonesty, sneaky behavior

D. Amnesia increases with age. (covert aggression)

2 Types of Somatoforms 32. Which refers to a condition when psychopaths

a. Hypochondriasis = overreacting to simple illness demonstrate normal appraisal and situations in the

b. Conversion Disorder = fake blindness and other disease. abstract (like verbal discussion), but they are deficient in

27. In psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious wish for death is using guide in their judgments and behavior in the

called; process of living?

A. eros = love and sex B. animus A. Hemisphere asymmetry

C. thanatos D. lupus B. Brain imbalance

28. Select an internal force of the psychoanalytic theory C. Cerebral asymmetry

D. Emotional paradox *Phobia = fear

22 *mania = Desire / Compulsion

22 Blood ➔ “Hemato”
*Philippe Pinel – Manie Sans Delire (madness without Love ➔ “philo”
confusion) Water ➔ “hydro”
Psychopath – anti social, loners, cruel, brutal, no sense of
Deep Water ➔ “Thalasso”
guilt, no conscience, born with psychopathy
Fire ➔ “pyro”
Sociopath – anti social, loners, cruel, brutal, little feeling of
Marriage ➔ “Gamo”
remorse, product of environment
Spiders ➔ “arachno”
33. Which of the following is characterized by emotional
Firearm ➔ “Hoplo”
disturbances that may lead to many illnesses?

A. Abnormal Needles ➔ Trypano

B. Environmental Q = what is the collective term for all phobias and

C. Psychiatric manias?

D. Emotionally maladjusted – “neurosis” A = Psychasthenia

Ex. Anxiety, depression 38. It is developed as a result of incorporating within the

34. An ego defense mechanism in which gratification of personality of the moral standards and values of parents,

frustrated sexual desire in substitutive men sexual community, and significant others.

activities. a) Ego c) superego

a. Rationalism c. Sublimation b) Id d) all of them

b. Identification d. Reaction formation 39. Dangerous amounts of copper, cadmium, mercury, and

35. An ego defense mechanism in which gratification of inorganic gases, such as chlorine and nitrogen dioxide,

frustrated sexual desire in substitutive men sexual are found in the ecosystem. At high levels, these

activities. substances can cause severe illness or death; at more

a. Rationalism c. Sublimation moderate levels, they have been linked to emotional and

b. Identification d. Reaction formation behavioral disorders

36. According to Abraham Maslow, a human need is strong a) Environmental contaminants

motivational force that may compel individual to do some b) Neurological dysfunction

acts dilative to social expectations and moral laws. On c) Food Allergies

his presentation of human needs, the most leading factor d) Minimal Brain dysfunction

to crime is _____ *Q – what type of victimization is present in the above

a. Esteem Needs c. Biological/Psychological Needs mentioned question?

b. Cognitive Needs d. Safety Needs A – Natural Victimization ➔ cause by natural causes

Q – what is the highest need of a human being for him to Other Types of Victimization

feeling his completeness? a. Auto-victimization = victimized by self

A – Need for Self Actualization b. industrial victimization = victimized inside a factory or a

37. An emotional disorder portrayed through an excessive, place of work

irrational, and uncontrollable fear of a perfectly natural c. Criminal Victimization = due to human intervention

situation or object. 40. Is a form of behavior considered so deviant by the

a. Mania c. Depression majority, that to speak of it publicly is condemned, and

b. Phobia d. Apathy almost entirely avoided?

a) Taboo c) Callous behavior (relatives, in laws, spouses)

b) Deviance d) Conventional behavior c. Tertiary Victim = “remote victim” / Vicarious victim (ex.

*ex. Incest = sex with a blood related persons (inbreeding) Witness of crime, viewers of news

41. What kind of victimization is referred to when the source d. Wanton Type – easily affected by trauma and stress

of victimization is by natural forces, agents, substances e. Greedy Type – intent to gain

or organisms? f. Depressive Type – “careless victim”

a. Natural victimization g. Tormentor Type – afraid of the aggressor / battered

b. non-criminal victimization woman

c. Criminal victimization *Q – in what circumstances, a secondary victim cannot file

d. Ecological victimization the case in behalf of the primary victim?

42. A landlady inadvertently left her bunch of keys on the A – IN CASE OF PRIVATE CRIMES – crime which cannot

dining table and one of the boarders spotted it, picked it be prosecuted de officio

up and started to open the master’s bedroom and took C – concubinage

considerable pieces of jewelry. What is the shared A – abduction

responsibility of the landlady in this instance? S – seduction

a. Victim facilitation c. Victim provocation A – AOL

b. Victim precipitation d. Victim facilitator Rap – Rape* (private crime from 1997 earlier)

*Victim Precipitation = the victim is responsible for his own A – adultery

victimization Q – can we consider libel as a private crime?

*Victim Facilitation = the victim made the crime easy to A – Yes, if the content of the libelous statement is related to

commit crimes against chastity

*Victim Provocation = the victim incites the offender to 45. Refers to a type of victim attacked from the target of his

victimize him/her or her abuser, such as with battered women.

43. This form of victimization is a result of one’s own hand, A. Depressive Type

or as a result of one’s own action. B. Greedy Type

a. Auto victimization c. Non-criminal victimization C. Tormentor Type

b. Criminal victimization d. industrial victimization D. Wanton Type

44. It is easily duped because his or her motivation for easy 46. This victim directly suffers the harm or injury which is

gain lowers his or her natural tendency to be suspicious. physical, psychological, and economic losses.

A. Greedy Type A. Elementary Crime Victim

23 B. Primary Crime Victim

23 C. Secondary Crime Victim

B. Depressive Type D. Tertiary Crime Victims

C. Wanton Type 47. They experience the harm next hand, such as intimate

D. Tormentor Type partners or significant others of rape victims or children

Repair = 5k per panel x 2 = 10k of the battered woman.

Repaint = 5k per panel x 2 = 10k A. Elementary Crime Victim

Types of Victims B. Primary Crime Victim

a. Primary Victim = directly suffered the effect of crime C. Secondary Crime Victim

(murder ➔ cadaver, theft ➔ owner, arson ➔ residents) D. Tertiary Crime Victim

b. Secondary Victim ➔ indirectly suffered the crime 48. They experience the harm vicariously, such as through
media account or from watching television. appetite and becomes emotionally unhealthy.

A. Elementary Crime Victims A. Psychogenic

B. Primary Crime Victim B. Psychoneurosis

C. Secondary Crime Victim C. Psychosomatic

D. Tertiary Crime Victims D. Psychoticism

49. This refers to an Ego state characterized by being Neurosis & psychoneurosis & Neurotic Disorder = Same

protective, idealistic, evaluative, and righteous and Psychosis & Psychoticism = same

always referring to laws, rules and reasonable human 54. It is a form of mental disorder resulting from the

being. degeneration or disorder of the brain characterized by

A. Adult Ego general mental weakness, forgetfulness, loss and

B. Alter Ego coherence and total inability to reason but not

C. Child Ego – selfish / pleasure / full id accompanied by delusion or uncontrollable impulse.

D. Parent Ego – self less / sacrificial A. Dementia – general term for brain disease

Child Ego state = id is dominant involving memory loss

Adult Ego State = id and superego is balanced B. Hallucination – false perception

Parent Ego state = superego is dominant C. Mania – irresistible desire

50. It is an inappropriately exaggerated mood and marked D. Melancholia – depression

change in activity level with associated thought disorder. 55. This theory states that people feel emotion first and then

A. Affective Reaction – “Emotions / Feelings (happy, act upon them.

shock, sad, excitement) A. Cannon-Bard theory

B. Involutional Reaction B. James-Lange theory = stimulus then response

C. Manic-Depressive Reaction (Bipolar) C. None of the above

D. Schizophrenic Reaction – “bizarre” – weird D. Two Factor theories

51. These are bizarre behavior, disturbances of thought and 24

reality testing, emotional withdrawal; and varying levels 24

of psychotic thinking and behavior. 56. All are types of dysfunctions (failure) of orgasm

A. Affective Reaction (ejaculation), EXCEPT:

B. Involutional Reaction A. Female Orgasmic disorder

C. Manic-Depressive Reaction B. Male erectile disorder

D. Schizophrenic Reaction C. Male Orgasmic disorder

52. It has no rational basis seems to indicate that the D. Premature ejaculation

individual is confused the psychoses frequently results 57. Victa Hemenez has this behaviour that anything that she

to hallucinations or delusions. desires, she will instantaneously steal it (kleptomania).

A. Bizarre Behavior One time, when she saw a cell phone, when she had the

B. Disruptive Behavior chance she put it in her bag because she cannot resist

C. Impaired Functioning – lack of ability to do an act from doing so. She felt impulse to steal the cellphone.

(blindness, crippled, deaf, mute) According to the rules in criminal intelligence, this is

D. Long Periods of Discomfort known in …

53. It is a kind of disorder characterized by fears, phobias, a. Durham Rule – test of insanity

and the person suffering from this has no physical b. Exemption Rule

difficulty, but may experience lack of sleep and loss of c. Insanity Rule
d. McNaughten Rule – insanity is an b. Anxiety d. None of them

exempting circumstance 63. These are psychoneurotic behavior known as “Neurotic

58. This person according to the categories of abnormal Fear”. – worry/ nervousness

behavior is apparently uncontrollable and impulsive a. Phobia c. Personality disorder

which is characterized by severe psychological disorder. b. Anxiety d. Psychopath

a. Bizarre behaviour 64. When a person has a persistent fear on object or certain

b. Disruptive situation that present no actual danger, this person

c. Impaired functioning suffers___.

d. None of these a. Somatoform disorder c. Anxiety disorder

*Trichotillomania – impulse to pull hair and eat it b. Phobia disorder d. Worry

*Satyriasis – excessive male sexual desire *phobic

*Nymphomania – excessive female desire 65. It tells us that the offender behaves as she or he does in

59. A person that is productive, self knowledge, efficient response to pathological personality of some kind.

perception of reality, in terms of behavior this person A. Biogenic C. Psychogenic

is___. B. Phatogenic D. Sociogenic

a. Maladaptive *criminals suffer from mental disorder

b. Deviant – violation of norms of society Q – what do we call the person who blames crimes in mental

c. Normal (adaptive behavior) disorders?

d. Conscious A – Alienist

Q – what do we call a type of sexual behavior which is Factors Affecting Human Behavior (HEL)

not acceptable to the norms of society? H – heredity = genes, family history, pedigree

A – Sexual Deviance (Paraphilia) E – Environment = community & society

Normal: heterosexual, marital, reproductive, missionary L – Learning = practice and experience

position 66. A ____________ period during the peak of an anger

60. These stresses are the results from two or more reaction.

incompatible needs and motives. A. “cooling off”

a. Frustration c. Esteem needs B. winding up

b. Conflict d. Anxiety C. completion

+ + = approach – approach conflict D. “cleaning up”

+ - = approach – avoidance conflict Mass murder = With no cooling off stage

- - = avoidance – avoidance conflict Serial Murder = with cooling off stage

61. In hierarchy of needs, this is the desire and aspiration of 67. The “why’s of behavior” refers to:

an individual to become what one is capable of a. emotional force

becoming—to maximize one’s potential and to b. anxiety

accomplish something that is worthy of recognition. c. intellectual aspect

a. Physiological needs c. Acceptance needs d. motivation

b. Safety needs d. Needs for self-actualization e. value and attitude

62. This is closely related to fear, a feeling of impending 2 Types of Motivation

threat in which a specific nature of the danger is often not a. Intrinsic Motivation = “happiness; interest; dreams”

clearly perceived. b. Extrinsic Motivation = rewards, promotion, money

a. Phobia c. Threat 68. When an individual experience tension and anxiety

increases making him/her helpless, thus he experience a. corruption c. immorality

negative feelings called b. deviance d. brutality

A. Crisis *deviance – misconduct or acts in violation of norms

B. Frustration *brutality – excessive use of police force (oppression)

C. Conflict 3. Considered as the highest form of love in the PNP

D. Hallucination hierarchy of police values.

69. What is the theory that tumors and seizures have been a. love of women

associated with aggression and violent behavior? b. love of God

A. Brain lesion theory c. selfless love of people

B. Conspiracy theory d. love of power

C. Neurotic Mind theory PNP Core Values

D. Dementia praecox a. love of God

25 b. respect for authority

25 c. service to people

70. A false belief based on an incorrect inference about d. sanctity of marriage and respect for women

external reality and firmly sustained despite clear e. Stewardship over material things

evidence to the contrary, and which is not related to f. Truthfulness

cultural or religious beliefs 4. The _____ character of the police requires adherence to

A. False alarm the rule on merit and fitness system.

B. Wrong perception – Hallucination a. civilian c. social

C. Incoherence b. authoritarian d. democratic

D. Delusion *Art XVI Sec 6, 1987 Constitution – the state shall establish

*other term: Grandiosity / Grandeur one police force which is national in scope and civilian in

PART 4 character

POLICE ETHICS AND VALUES 5. Giving unfair breaks to friends and relatives.

(PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL a. deviance c. misconduct

STANDARDS) b. nepotism d. corruption

1. An established and generally accepted moral values *other answer: Cronyism

refer to. *Cronies – accomplices and friends

a. integrity b. morality 6. PNP members are expected to by the public not to seek

c. ethical standard d. authority political influence nor get “padrino” on matters pertaining

*Integrity – freedom from dishonest and corrupt practices. to assignment, award, training and promotion. This

*morality - quality of being bad or good means that all PNP members are discouraged to resort

a. Moral = good and acceptable (love, to:

courtesy, respect, patience) a. political patronage

b. Immoral = bad and unacceptable b. influence peddling

(cheating, stealing, lying) c. partisan politics

c. Amoral = neither bad or good d. political corruption

*Authority – power to command subordinates Q – who appoints the chief of police?

2. These are forbidden acts involving misuse of office or A – Mayor

authority for personal gain. Q – who appoints Provincial director?

A – Governor 13. What Executive Order provides for the

Q – who appoints C, PNP? institutionalization of the Doctrine of Command

A – president Responsibility in all law enforcement agencies

7. Insp. Garcia’s word is his bond, he stand by it and commit particularly in the PNP?

to uphold it. Inspector Garcia therefore has: 26

a. delicadeza c. word of honor 26

b. camaraderie d. honor code a. E.O. 266 b. E.O. 226

*delicadeza – ability to sacrifice self interest c. E.O. 227 d. E.O. 236

*camaraderie – binding spirit of team work and cooperation *Command Responsibility – commensurate accountability of

*honor code – do not lie, do not cheat, do not steal nor superiors to his subordinate

tolerate those who do (Gen. McArthur) 3 Exceptions to Command Responsibility

8. PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all a. if not fully informed

times in keeping with the rules and regulations of the b. if conducted an immediate investigation

organization. This commitment to police professional c. if he just followed orders from higher authorities

conduct is simply known as _________: 14. Excessive use of force or police brutality is a violation

a. discipline c. devotion to duty (illegal) of the ethical standards. PNP members shall

b. delicadeza d. dedication to work exercise proper and ______ use of authority in the

*Prudence – ability to discipline oneself performance of duty.

9. A manifestation of love of country with a pledge of a. effective c. proportionate

allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the b. legitimate d. responsible

Constitution. *legal = legitimate

a. nationalism c. heroism 15. Otherwise known as the “Code of Ethics of Public

b. patriotism d. valor Officials or Employees”.

*Nationalism – a person supports national interests a. R.A. 3019 c. R.A. 7080

*valor – highest form of bravery; ability to sacrifice life b. R.A. 6713 d. R.A. 7438

10. It is the ability to last. *RA 3019 – anti graft and corrupt practice act

a. endurance b. patience *RA 7080 – anti plunder law (stolen = 50Million up)

b. perseverance d. fortitude *RA 7438 – Rights of a person arrested, detained and under

*stamina custodial investigation.

*patience – ability to remain calm; composure. 16. Under this ethical standard, the PNP member shall take

Fortitude – firmness of the mind; courage to endure without legitimate means to achieve goals despite of internal or

yielding. external difficulties.

Perseverance – ability to go on despite of obstacles. a. integrity c. orderliness

11. It means courage to endure without yielding. b. humility d. perseverance

a. prudence c. fortitude *perseverance – ability to go on despite of obstacles

b. temperance d. justice *humility – serve without arrogance

*temperance – ability to control oneself; ability to modern *Orderliness – ability to follow procedures

sexual desires. 17. All PNP members must have the moral courage to

12. It means “love for the country” sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time-honored

a. patriotism c. nationalism principle of ____.

b. valor d. bravery a. Delicadeza c. Amor propio

b. Pride d. Pakikisama service.

18. It is an omission or refusal (failure to perform an order), a. Police Community Relations

without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty which b. Human relations

is the police officer’s legal obligation to perform. c. Police Public relation

a. nonfeasance b. misfeasance d. Public relations

b. malfeasance d. corruption 24. The best relation a law enforcement organization can

nonfeasance – neglect of duty; failure to perform a legal give to the community is:

order (wala) a. good and credible performance

misfeasance – irregularities; improper performance of duty b. frequent media coverage of police work

(mali) c. good public press relations

malfeasance – misconduct – perform prohibited acts (bawal) d. community visitations

COP = “All checkpoint teams shall conduct checkpoints in all 25. In launching a police community program, to attain a

entrance and exit points” sound degree of success, link or “ugnayan” should be

Team 1: Resto – eat Mi Goreng (nonfeasance) made first with:

Team 2: Checkpoint – accepted bribes from traffic violators a. Community Civic organization

(malfeasance) b. Local prominent residents

Team 3: Checkpoint – 3 members of team (misfeasance) c. local ladies club

19. No PNP member shall engage in any activity which shall d. Barangay officials

be in conflict with their duties as public servant. 26. To develop public good will, a policeman on duty must do

a. malingering c. moonlighting the following, EXCEPT:

b. loyalty to the service d. delicadeza a. be selective of people to serve

*malingering – faking sickness to escape work b. be courteous and fair

20. What is the primary purpose of a public relation program? c. be quick to assist individuals in their

a. to develop mutual understanding between the problem

police and public; d. perform job with dedication and efficiency

b. To plan for a community relation program; *Non Partisanship – service for all without discrimination

c. To recruit new members for community relations; 27. It refers to the conceptual policy laid down for the

d. To train police officers in community relations. observance of all law enforcement personnel to exercise

*PCR – Police Community Relations - goodwill; utmost restraint and self-control in the performance of

cooperation; trust; confidence, mutual understanding. their official functions.

21. What program is concerned with creating a favorable a. command responsibility

public image of the police? b. reasonable force

a. police relations c. Press relations c. rules of engagement

b. Community relations d. Public relations d. maximum tolerance

22. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and 27

cooperation in the police organization. 27

a. loyalty c. patriotism 28. The primary purpose of police ethics is to enlighten the

b. camaraderie d. valor members of the police service of _________.

23. It is the sum total of all the dealings of the police with the a. what is right and what is wrong

people it serves and whose goodwill and cooperation the b. the right attitude

police needs for the greatest possible efficiency in public c. what behavior is really acceptable
d. the right thing to do transferred

*ethics – science of human morality; science of *Turnover ceremony – change of leadership

understanding what is right and wrong 33. The sum total of the dealings between the police and the

*Ethos – character people it serves, and whose goodwill and cooperation it

*Ethikos – Customs craves, for the greatest possible efficiency in the service.

29. It is a habit which inclines a man to act in a way that a. police community relations

harmonizes with his nature. b. police public relations

a. ethics c. virtue c. human relation

b. right d. conscience d. community relation

*virtue – habit of doing good 34. It is the doing either through ignorance, inattention or

*Vice – habit of doing bad things. malice, of that which the officer had no legal right to do.

*conscience – internal control (superego) a. nonfeasance c. misfeasance

*right – anything which a person can lawfully claim or b. malfeasance d. oppression

exercise 35. Under this police professional conduct, PNP members

30. The police officer’s relations with the officers and men of including their families must encourage to be actively

his own department, his supervisor, the station involved in religious, social and civic activities to enhance

commander, as well as the city or municipal mayor where the image of the organization without affecting their

he is assigned is an example of: official duties.

a. intra-departmental relations a. Happy Hours c. Police Lifestyle

b. professional relation b. Social Gatherings d. None of these

c. good relation *Social Awareness – correct answer

d. inter-departmental relation *happy hours – minor jesting and airing of minor gripes

*sports fest within the school = INTRAMURALS (every Friday)

*government within the walls of manila = INTRAMUROS *police lifestyle – a police officer must maintain a

*Basketball between barangay = interbarangay simple, decent yet credible lives

* country vs country = international 36. “Judicious use of Authority” means:

31. All PNP officers shall follow logical procedures in a. Respect for Human Rights

accomplishing task assigned to them to minimize waste b. Legitimate use authority

in the use of time, money and efforts. This refers to c. Practical use of government resources

________. d. Logical procedures

a. perseverance c. humility *judicious – “legal”

b. orderliness d. integrity Q – what crime is committed by a person who in false

32. The act of extending hospitality to visiting personnel who pretense introduce himself as a police officer?

pays respect to the command or unit. A – Usurpation of authority

a. courtesy 37. A practical science that treats the principle of human

b. exit call morality and duty as applied to law enforcement

c. courtesy of the post a) Ethics

d. turn over ceremony b) Command responsibility

*Honor Ceremony – ceremony given to a visiting VIP c) Police service

*courtesy – expression of respect d) police ethics

*exit call – courtesy call for personnel that will be relieved or 38. The police officer performed an act under the law but
committed a mistake in the execution of such act: a. Moonlighting c. Absent

a) nonfeasance c. malfeasance b. Malingering d. All of them

b) misfeasance d. none of these 47. This activity in law enforcement seeks to minimize the

c) causes of crime which requires the police to mingle with

39. The following are administrative offenses that maybe the community where criminal activities originate and

imposed against a PNP member, except: breed, and where the criminalistic, tendencies of

a. Misfeasance c. Non-feasance individuals motivate them to indulge in anti-social

b. Malfeasance d. Valor behavior.

40. It is the activity directed at creating and maintaining a. Repression of Criminal Activities

favorable impressions to the public. b. Preservation of peace and order

a. Community Participationc. Public Relation c. Prevention of Crime

b. Community Service d. Police Community Relation d. Apprehension of criminals

41. Simply refer to the reciprocal attitudes of police and 48. Police activities for children –recreation, sports, skill

civilians. game, camping.

a. Police- Community Relation c. Public Service a. Community Participationc. Public Relation

b. High Empathy d. Communication b. Community Service d. Police Community Relation

42. An activity that emphasizes the presence of an adequate 49. Highest form of courtesy is called as _________

patrol system, including the continuous effort toward a. respect

elimination or reducing hazards as the principal means of b. salute

reducing opportunities for criminal action. c. Greetings

a. Repression of Criminal Activities d. Laplap with feelings

b. Preservation of peace and order 50. The unit of the PNP that is in charged with the

28 implementation of community relation programs

28 a. PNP Training Service

c. Prevention of Crime b. PNP IMEG

d. Apprehension of criminals c. PNP Headquarters Support Service

43. This act of the PNP that is prohibited directly or indirectly, d. PNP Police Community Affairs and Development

compromise any criminal act with the view of permitting Group

the offender to escape arrest and punishment as PART 5

provided by law. CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS

a. Loafing c. Illegal drugs 1. It is defined as a careful, systematic study of knowledge

b. Prohibited Compromise d. Vexing (Research) in the field of criminology or criminal justice,

44. In the chain of command it assures the following, except: undertaken to discover or establish facts of the crimes or

a. Proper delegation c. Overlapping authority causations of crime (origin of crime).

b. Proper supervision d. Complete coordination A. social science research

45. The PNP needs to protect its image and to do that, it must B. criminal justice research

maintain___. C. descriptive research

a. Peace and order c. Departmental relationship D. criminological research

b. Integrity d. All of them *social science research = general research about society

46. Feigning sickness or injury or physical capacity is and people

known as ___. *descriptive research = what? Who? When? Where?; study

about the present phenomena Q – what data gathering instrument is being used in qualitative

*Historical Research = study of past occurrences in relation research?

to the present event A – Interview

*experimental research = “predictive research”; study of 5. This is responsible for new products, new knowledge and

future occurrences new ways of undertaking projects.

2. This finds answer to the questions who, what, when, A. Manufacturing C. Developmental

where and how; this type of research describes a B. Research D. Experiment

situation or a given state of affairs in terms of special 6. The first and the most important step in conducting a

aspects or factors. research project.

A. descriptive research C. historical research A. Determining the appropriate research method

B. experimental research D. all of these B. Collection of Data

3. It is concerned with the acquisition of new knowledge C. Identification of a research problem

(new theories) for the sake of science or the development D. Formulating hypothesis

of the field. Scientific Research Method

A. pure basic research C. applied research (PHLMIDRC)

B. empirical research D. action research a. identify the “problem”

*applied research = study of applicability of theories / test a b. generate “hypothesis” – statement of prediction /

theory intelligent guess

*empirical research = research based on actual human + = alternative hypothesis (H1)

experiences (phenomenology – study of lived experiences) - = null hypothesis (Ho)

*action research = solve an immediate problem SOP 1: Is there a significant relationship between salary and

4. In this classification of research; concepts are assigned work satisfaction?

numerical value; and research methods in the social H1 : “There is a significant relationship between salary and

sciences, of which criminal justice is heir, had followed work satisfaction”

these basic philosophical traditions. Ho: “There is no significant relationship between salary and

A. all of these work satisfaction”

C. quantitative research c. Library Works – searching RRL – review of related

B. none of these literatures and studies

D. qualitative research Literatures = “published” (ex. Books, newspapers,

Q – what data gathering tool or instrument is being used in magazines, journals)

quantitative research? Studies = “unpublished” (Thesis, Dissertation)

A – Questionnaire ➔ data ➔ statistics ➔ interpretation Q – it pertains to the unethical copying of one’s work without

Q – what type of questionnaire is using 4 or 5 point scale? valid citation?

A – Likert Scale A – Plagiarism

Factor 5 4 3 2 1 *Citation = acknowledgement of the real author

1. Is the professor teaching his subject If there are more than 3 authors = last name of the 1st author

intelligently? + et. al.

/ 7. This refers to the overall plan and scheme in conducting

Q – data are presented by means of actual answers or word the study.

from the respondents? a. Methods of Research - 3

A – Qualitative Research b. Research Design – “type of research”

c. Both A and C Q – where can we find the specific research questions or

d. None of them problems?

APA = American Psychological Association Format A - Statement of the Problem

= traditional format 12. These are inferences, deductions, abstractions and/or

= 5 Chapters generalizations based on findings.

C1 – The Problem and its Background A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion

C2 – Review of Related Literature and Studies B. Introduction D. Recommendations

C3 – Methods of Research *conclusion – highlights of the findings of research

C4 – Presentation and Interpretation of Data Q – can a research put a numerical value in his conclusions?

C5 – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation A – No

IMRaD Format – shorter format / international format Why? “top results”

I – introduction Q – how many conclusions are required?

M – methods A – 1 : 1 (depending to the number of SOP)

R – Results 13. These are addressed to those concerned to help solve

and the problem, guided by the research findings.

D – Discussion A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion

8. A data-gathering instrument or device used to determine B. Introduction D. Recommendations

what is occurring (5 senses) or what individuals are 14. This part of research must be feasible, logical and valid

doing. which may address (solve) the findings of the research.

A. Interview C. Questionnaire A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion

B. Observation D. Survey B. Introduction D. Recommendations

*interview = oral questionnaire 15. This highlights the findings without detailed statistical

*Q – what tool is used to make the interview organized? data and analysis.

A – Interview Protocol A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion

9. This is an oral type of questionnaire to determine the B. Summary D. Recommendations

perceptions of the individuals or groups. *Summary = contains top 3 results

A. Interview C. Questionnaire *Conclusion = Top 1 result

B. Observation D. Survey *Q – brief summary of the research which contains the type

10. This uses carefully planned and printed items given to of research, topic of research and the result of the research

respondents in order to elicit answers to questions of the usually 1 or 2 pages

research. A = ABSTRACT

A. Interview C. Questionnaire 16. This part of research includes the works-and only those

B. Observation D. Survey works-cited in the text.

11. The purpose of this part of research is to give readers the A. References C. Appendices

context (story behind) of the present research. B. Bibliography D. Both A and B

A. Introduction 17. Is a method of inquiry for the purpose of obtaining facts

B. Method of Research in response to questions.

C. Review of Related Literature a. Manufacturing C. Developmental

D. Conclusion b. Research D. Experiment

*Q – what is the main content of the introduction? 30

A – General or the main problem 30

*Research – systematic collection (gathering), evaluation a. Background of the Study

(filter), analysis (processing) and interpretation (give b. Hypothesis of the Study

meaning) of data to create solution to a problem c. Statement of the Problem

Q – what is the ultimate goal of research? d. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework

A – to solve a problem 24. In this part of the research, the researcher outlines theory

18. It describes phenomena in words instead of numbers or he wishes to espouse or verify.

measures. a. Review of Related Literature

a. Qualitative Research b. Methods of Research

b. Quantitative Research c. Theoretical Framework

c. Both A and C d. Introduction

d. None of them 25. In this part, the researcher reads literature, summarizes

19. The ultimate aim of research is – the literature, and synthesizes the results in relation to

a. To test a theory – applied research the problem.

b. To solve a problem a. Review of Related Literature

c. To develop new theory or product – pure b. Methods of Research

research c. Theoretical Framework

d. All of them d. Introduction

20. This is a specific statement of prediction. Q – in this part of RRL, the researcher(s) explains the

a. Setting of the Study C. Introduction relationship of the gathered studies and literatures to the

b. Framework D. Hypothesis present study?

*setting of the study – place / research locale A – Synthesis

2 Types of Research Framework 26. Research in criminology is focused on –

a. Theoretical Framework = “related theory of the research a. Crime and Criminalities

or the theory we wish to test” b. Criminals and Criminal Behaviors

b. Conceptual Framework = self made diagram to create c. Corrections and Treatment

relationship between variables d. All of them

“Effectiveness of Titan Gel to Filipino Penises” 27. These are terms that need to be defined in the study?

21. Its purpose is to study intensively the background, a. Universally accepted terms

current status, and environmental interactions of a given b. Operational Terms

social unit: an individual, group, institution or community. c. Terms defined over dictionaries

a. Survey C. Case Study d. None of them

b. Ethnographic D. None of them *Operational Terms – definition based on usage

*Ethnography = study of culture, tradition, religion, beliefs & *Jargon – technical terms

customs 28. Setting of the Study in the Traditional Format is similar to

22. This is used in studying the society – its customs, this component of the IMRAD Format.

traditions, behavior and beliefs. a. Paradigm C. Research Design

a. Survey C. Case Study b. Research Locale D. None of them

b. Ethnographic D. None of them *Q – what part of the research we can find the setting of the

23. This section presents the specific problems of the study study?

that needs to be stated correctly by way of a precise A – Scope and limitation (what? Where? When?)

question which demands specific answer. *Paradigm ➔ research flowchart (IPO) – input → process →
output (Simulacrum) a. salary – independent

29. Simulacrum in the IMRAD Format is similar to this part of b. work performance – dependent

the Traditional Format. c. work environment – intervening

a. Paradigm C. Research Design d. Tax Collection / Price of Products – antecedent

b. Research Locale D. None of them variable

30. The following scientific inquiry may be useful in *Antecedent variable = variable which is already present

criminological research except – even before the independent variable

a. Solutions of crimes and criminalities 32. Gathering valid crime data. Devising research methods.

b. Causation of Crimes Measuring crime patterns and trends.

c. Marketing problems - BSBA a) Sociology of Law c) Theory Construction

d. Crime Prevention b) Criminal Statistic d) Criminal Behavior

Ethics *Crime statistics = science of measuring the level and

1. Mahabang Ethics = Patience amount of crime

2. Matigas na Ethics = integrity Q – who is the father of moral statistics?

3. Mapulang Ethics = Valor A – Adolphe Quetelet

4. Tumatagal ng Ethics = Endurance Q – what school of thought deals with crime statistics ?

31. Which refers to a feature that can be focused on A – cartographic

separately but that cannot be useful without also 33. It is a type of research which has this purpose of

considering other features? determining the future operation of the variables under

A. Limitation investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting

B. Dimension such for the better.

C. Variable A. Descriptive Research

D. Parameter B. Predictive Research

Types of Variables C. Pure Research

31 D. Quantitative Research

31 34. It is an inference (guess) that is formulated and

a. Dependent Variable = affected by changes (usually the provisionally (temporarily) adapted to explain observe

problem) facts of condition and to guide its further investigation.

b. Independent Variable = cause of change of the dependent A. Assumptions

variable B. Hypothesis

ex: “Relationship between Salary and Work Performance" C. Problem

a. Salary – Independent variable D. Statement of the Problem

b. Work Performance – dependent variable 35. It is a characteristic which is found before (ante) the

ex. Relationship between salary and work performance in the independent variable. It is expected to influence the

WorkPlace independent variable/s it is usually irreversible.

a. Salary – independent variable A. Antecedent Variable

b. Work performance – dependent variable B. Dependent Variable

c. Work Place – intervening variable – affects the C. Independent Variable

independent and dependent variable D. Intervening Variable

ex. Relationship between salary and work performance in the 36. It is an assumed cause of a problem it is an assumed

work place in situation of inflation reason for any changes or variation in a dependent
variable. analysis of an individual, institution, group or

A. Antecedent Variable community.

B. Dependent Variable A. Case Study

C. Independent Variable B. Interview

D. Intervening Variable C. Questionnaire

37. It contains a detailed description of the respondents as D. Survey

to age, sex, marital status, nature of employment? 41. It is the “assumed effect” of another variable. It is the

A. Description of the Respondents change that occurs in the study population when one or

B. Population Sampling Scheme more factors are changed or when an intervention is

C. Research Instrument introduced.

D. Statement of the Problem A. Antecedent Variable

*Demographic Profile of the Respondents B. Dependent Variable

*Q – this refers to the number of respondents in a study? C. Independent Variable

A – Population D. Intervening Variable

Q – method of selection of respondents? 32

A – Sampling Technique 32

38. It is a type of research according to the type of analysis 42. It is the use of appropriate or ideal design helps

begins with the total situations. Focusing attention on minimize possible errors (format). It is important

the system first of and then on its internal relationships. therefore, that technical aspects be given serious

A. Analytical Research – specific aspects/ issues consideration.

B. Applied Research A. Critical Issues

C. Holistic Research B. Ethical Issues

D. Pure Research C. Practical and Administrative Issues

PNP D. Technical Issues

a. History 43. These ties together the major findings to the studies

b. leadership reviewed. It represents a general picture of what has

c. laws been known or thought of about the problem to date. it

d. powers points out similar results, as well as conflicting findings.

e. function A. Body

f. issues B. Conclusion

g. retirement C. Introduction

h. promotion D. Summary/Synthesis

i. attrition 44. The major variables of the study should be measurable

39. It is a type of research according to the type of analysis and should be specified in the problem statement. The

is where the researcher attempts to identify and isolate used of ambiguous (unclear) terms must be avoided.

the components of the research situation? A. A research problem must be clear

A. Analytical Research B. A research problem must be ethical

B. Applied Research C. A research problem must be feasible

C. Holistic Research D. A research problem must be relevant

D. Pure Research Qualities of a Good Research

40. It is a comprehensive detailed, in depth or complete S – Specific = avoid too broad topics
“Factors Affecting MJ Addiction Among Youth of Brgy understand how the units or members of the study

____ city of _____” population experience or explain their own word.

M – Measurable = statistically possible to be computed a. Explanatory Research

“Levels of Faith Among PDL of Quezon City Jail” b. Exploratory Research

A – Attainable / Achievable = topic is part of c. Qualitative Research

researcher’s interest d. Quantitative Research

R – realistic – current event / real scenario 48. This refers to the type of research according to the type

T – Time Bound = follow deadlines of analysis commences with the total situations.

45. In Region 8 the recorded crime incidents on the calendar Focusing its interest on the system first and then on it’s

year 2014 were 3,500 and the report shows that 3,100 internal relationships.

were declared solved by the PROVIII. In a given a. Analytical Research

scenario, what is the solution efficiency of the said PRO? b. Applied Research

a. 11.43 % c. Historical Research

b. 12.90% d. Holistic

c. 88.57% 49. It is an objective that relates directly to the research

d. 112.90% problem and states clearly what the researcher will do

*Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE) = ability of a police unit to and expects to find out (aim).

solve a crime reported to them a. Alternative Hypothesis = +

Given: b. General Objectives – general research

Crime Reported = 3,500 problems (introduction)

Crime Solved = 3,100 c. Null Hypothesis = -

𝑐𝑠𝑒 = d. Specific Objectives – specific research

crime solved problems (SOP)

crime reported 𝑥 100 50. Which of these frameworks has been emphasized when

𝑐𝑠𝑒 = arguments on how and why a particular factor can

3,100 possibly influence another are presented?

3,500 𝑥 100 a. Conceptual Framework

𝑐𝑠𝑒 = 0.88571 𝑥 100 b. Framework

= 88. 57% c. Research Frameworks

46. It is a type of research which attempts to describe an d. Theoretical Framework

existing situation and/or explanatory certain patterns of 51. Among the types of variables, which of this usually the

behaviour using either both qualitative and quantitative problem itself?

research techniques. a. Antecedent Variable

a. Explanatory Research b. Dependent Variable

b. Keen Research c. Independent Variable

c. Pure Basic Research d. Intervening Variable

d. Qualitative Research *Relationship between Salary and Work Performance

*Exploratory research = discover new things with little 52. Which characteristic of research deals with facts and

knowledge not with mere opinions arising, assumptions,

47. This type of research emphasis verbal descriptions of generalizations, predictions or conclusions?

human behaviour and practices in an attempt to A. Accuracy – proper computation

B. Clarity – proper interpretation Mean – average score

33 Median – middle score

33 Mode – most frequently appearing score

C. Relevance S1 = 95

D. Objectivity S2 = 76

53. Patrolman Dan de la Cruz is assigned with the PNP S3 = 76

Human Resource and Doctrine Development and He S4 = 87

was tasked to determine the schooling of choice of newly S5 = 91

graduated recruits using collegiate course and gender. Mean = 85

For this purpose, he used explanatory research because Median = 76 76 87 91 95

____ Mode = 76

A. it shows relationships or connectedness between 56. Which of the following is the importance of timely

two variables – Correlational Research reporting (updated) of crime statistics?

B. it analyzes data collected by others – Documentary A. It deters persons from committing crimes.

Analysis B. It is easy to process and store in digital format.

C. it focuses on the reasons behind the occurrence of C. It determines whether the increases in crime

something and on the pre effects of such happening volume were unique to their own areas or they

D. it aims to define or give verbal portrayal or picture of are part of a broader national pattern and trend.

a person, a thing, and situation (qualitative) D. It will improve the image of the locality.

54. Rudy's research problem is about the relationship 57. phrase or sentence that gives information to a description

between the different collection newly recruited members of the things which are the focus of the study?

of the PNP and their Individual Performance Rating A. Introduction

(evaluative research). To target the four semestral B. Methodology

ratings of his population sample. Which is an attribute C. Abstract

problem that he violated, if any? D. Title

A. The problem should have relation between two *minimum of 15 max of 21 words

or more variables. *inverted triangle

B. The problem should be clearly and Role of Religious Activities towards

unambiguously stated in question for constructive rehabilitation and

C. The problem should be doable within the time institutional adjustment

frame and budget. of inmates

D. The problem should be amenable to empirical 58. A criminologist studied about the types of inmates in

testing. prison and how they interact with each other in order to

*Q - how many times per year does PES is conducted? understand why some inmates adapt to incarceration

A – 2x year (Jan to June & July to December) more easily than others. The objective of the study is to

55. Select the statistical methodology where the researcher propose a general theory of inmate behavior that extends

calculates the mean, median and mode. to all similar inmate populations. The researcher utilized

A. Inferential Statistics ethnography as his research design. How is ethnography

B. Survey suitable to the purpose of the study?

C. Descriptive Statistics A. It studies certain group to gain clear understanding

D. Arithmetic of its internal operations or lifestyle (culture)

B. It studies how people find their experiences 63. What is the citation style to be used for studies and

meaningful. (phenomenology) literatures that was republished?

C. It involves a lengthy study of a person, group or a. indicate both years

situation. (tracer study) b. indicate the latest year

D. It prevents the discrimination of ethnic groups. c. indicate the 1st publication

59. Which is the part of a research consisting of a short d. all of the above

phrase or sentence that gives information a description 64. When citing different authors with the same surname,

of the things which are the focus of the study? include the _____

A. Introduction a. necessary initials after the surname in all in-text

B. Methodology citations, regardless of the year of publication

C. Abstract b. include the initials before the surname

D. Title c. include the full name

60. A criminologist studied about the types of inmates in d. none of the above

prison and how they interact with each other in order to Love is sacrificial (Dionisio JM, 2020)

understand why some inmates adapt to incarceration Love is blind (Dionisio JC, 2021)

more easily than others. The objective of the study is to 65. A variety of fonts are permitted in APA Style papers. Font

propose a general theory of inmate behavior that extends options include the following except, ___

to all similar inmate populations. The researcher utilized a. sans serif fonts such as 11-point Calibri

ethnography as his research design. How is ethnography b. 11-point Arial, or 10-point Lucida

suitable to the purpose of the study? c. Sans Unicode serif fonts such as 12-point Times

A. It studies certain group to gain clear understanding New Roman

of its internal operations or lifestyle d. 13-point Georgia font

B. It studies how people find their experiences 66. In general, _____ space all parts of an APA Style paper,

meaningful. including the abstract; text; block quotations; table and

C. It involves a lengthy study of a person, group or figure numbers, titles, and notes; and reference list

situation. (including between and within entries).

D. It prevents the discrimination of ethnic groups. a. Single

61. It is a measuring or calculating of the probable duration b. 1.5 Spacing

of human life; the attempt to correlate the frequency of c. Double

crime between parents and children or brothers and d. No Spacing

sisters. 67. Use _____ margins on every side of the page for an APA

a) Biometry c) Thermic law Style paper.

b) Biosocial behavior d) Inheritance a. 1 inch

62. It is used to cite a study or literature with 3 or more b. 2 inches

authors or writers. c. 1.5 inches

a. Ibid (same citation) d. 7 x 3 Inches – daks

b. et. Al binding margin 1 x 1 x 1 x 1.5

34 68. If Metro Manila accounts for 26% of the national total crime

34 volume of 84, 875, how many crimes were reported to the

c. etc police?

d. and a. 22, 868 b. 22, 068

c. 20, 250 d. 32, 644 % Share = 40%

% share = amount of crime from a small area covered by a larger Leyte = ??? (NCV)

area NCV =

Given: LCV

Philippines = 84, 875 (national crime volume) % Share (decimal Form)

Metro Manila = 26% (local Crime volume) =

LCV = NCV x % Share (decimal form) 128

LCV = 84, 875 x 0.26 0.40

69. Murder cases numbered 180 in 2010 and 220 in 2011. What was = 320

the percent increase? PART 6:

a. + 22.2% b. + 20.2% DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT

c. + 22.0% d. + 20.1% 1. Another important milestone in the development of

*Variance = change of data as year changes restorative justice is the system of amicably settling

𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = disputes at the barangay level. The system is defined

new data − old data under the ______ other wise known as “Amicable

old data 𝑥 100 Settlement Act"

= a. PD 603 – the child and youth welfare code

220 − 180 b. PD 1508 – Katarungang Pambarangay Law

180 𝑥 100 c. RA 6975 - DILG Act of 1990

= d. RA 7160 – Local Government Code

40 *other option: Village Justice System

180 𝑥 100 2. This means any conflict or disagreement. Also mean to

= 0.222222 𝑥 100 quarrel or argue, but it can also mean to take exception

= 22.2% to something.

2020 = fuel ➔ P45 per liter a. challenge

2022 = fuel ➔ P98 per liter b. complaint – sworn written statement charging a person

70. In 2000 the police recorded a total of 84,875 crimes committed. If with an offense

the population was 62 million what was the crime rate? c. Dispute – difference of ideas

a. 139.6 b. 193.6 d. Quarrel

c. 136.9 d. 163.9 3. This refers to all processes that are used to resolve

*Crime Rate = amount of crime per 100,000 population disputes, whether within or outside court proceedings

CR = a. amicable settlement – “Barangay”

Crime Volume b. dispute resolution

Population 𝑥 100,000 c. restorative justice – reconciliation of both parties by

71. If the 128 murder cases in City B represent 40% of the total murder means of reparation and indemnification of damages

cases in the province, what is the total value for murder cases d. criminal justice system – 5 pillars

province wide? Types of Dispute Resolution

a. 120 b. 420 a. Litigation – Filing of cases in court

c. 430 d. 340 b. Negotiation – consensus or agreement

Given: c. Mediation – both parties are agreeing with the help

Tacloban = 128 (LCV) of a mediator

d. Arbitration – parties are allowed to present evidence justifying some form of social or economic oppression

in front of an arbitrator which will give the award a. Conflict Theory – conflict between bourgeois (boss) vs

(decision) in favor of a party proletariats (laborer)

4. This came into law for the purpose of promulgating the b. Feminism – “female oppression”

prescribe procedures and guidelines for its c. Queer Theory – “gender bias”

implementation along with the policy of the state to d. Critical Theory

promote party autonomy in the resolution of disputes or 9. This conceptualized as the methods and processes

the freedom of the parties to make their own involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and

arrangements to resolve their disputes retribution

a. Katarungang Pambarangay – Amicable settlement in a. dispute/conflict resolution

Barangay (PD 1508) b. amicable settlement – “Brgy”

b. Criminal Justice System – 5 Pillars c. trial – “ Court”

c. Alternative Dispute Resolution – RA 9285 d. trial by ordeal – “dei indicum” – miraculous decision

d. Juvenile Justice System – RA 9344 10. Refers to the way disputants understand and view the

5. This was formally institutionalized to help relieve the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings, and

courts of such docket congestion and thereby enhance attitudes.

the quality of justice dispensed by them. In this premise, a. behavioral resolution

the context of restorative justice has served to reference b. conflict resolution

the objective of amicably settling disputes at the c. cognitive resolution

elementary level within the Barangay Justice system d. dispute resolution

a. Amicable Settlement 2 Modern Approach to Conflict

b. alternative dispute resolution a. Behavioral Resolution – understand the nature of the

c. criminal justice system problem

d. juvenile justice system b. Cognitive Resolution – create the best suited solution

*Peace Panel (Lupong Tagapamayapa) ➔ “Mediation” to the problem

Chairman – Punong Brgy 11. They developed five conflict resolution strategies that

Secretary – Brgy Secretary people use to handle conflict, including avoiding,

Members – 10 to 20 members defeating, compromising, accommodating, and

6. Refers to any struggle between people. The struggle may collaborating.

be physical, or between conflicting ideas. a. Lombroso, Ferri and Garofalo = Holy Three of

a. dispute Positivism

b. conflict b. Marx and Bonger = Economic Theories

c. trial c. Sutherland and Cressy = Define the word Criminology

d. duel d. Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Killman

7. Considered as father of the social conflict theory, which 5 Resolution Strategies

is a component of the four major paradigms of sociology a. Avoiding ➔ ignore the problems

a. Cesare Lombroso – father of modern criminology b. Competing / Defeating ➔ assertion of win

b. Cesare Beccaria – father of classical criminology c. Accommodating ➔ giving up to the
c. Karl Marx – Father of Radical Criminology desire of others (100-0)
d. Edwin Sutherland – dean of modern criminology d. Collaborating ➔ shared solution (50-50)
8. This theory is presented to unmask the ideology falsely
e. Compromising ➔ giving a little advantage (60- b. negotiation / dialogue

40) c. conferencing

12. This is when people just ignore or withdraw from the d. mediation

conflict. They choose this method when the discomfort 17. The process in which the parties present arguments and

of confrontation exceeds the potential reward of evidence to a dispute resolution practitioner (the

resolution of the conflict adjudicator) who makes a determination

a. accommodating a. trial

b. Compromising b. conferencing

c. Collaborating c. adjudication / “trial”

d. Avoiding d. counseling – process wherein parties are persuaded

13. This is where participants are partially assertive and to reconcile

cooperative. The concept is that everyone gives up a little 18. means a voluntary process in which a mediator, selected

bit of what they want, and no one gets everything they by the disputing parties, facilitates communication and

want negotiation, and assist the parties in reaching a voluntary

a. avoiding agreement regarding a dispute

b. collaborating a. arbitrator

c. Compromising b. mediator

d. Competing c. arbitration

14. This process in which the parties to a dispute agree to d. mediation

present arguments and evidence to one or more dispute • settlement or agreement = “negotiation”

resolution practitioners (the arbitral tribunal) who then • understanding the process of mediation or

issue an award, deciding the matter in dispute arbitration = “facilitation”

a. mediation • persuasion to settle = “counseling”

b. arbitration • voluntary settlement with the help of a mediator

36 = mediation

36 • presentation of evidence and giving of award =

c. facilitation arbitration

d. counseling 19. means any mediation administered by, and conducted

15. The process in which the parties (usually a group), with under the rules of, a mediation institution (organization or

the assistance of a dispute resolution practitioner (the business).

facilitator), agree outcomes, identify tasks to be a. adhoc mediation

accomplished, problems to be solved or disputed issues b. expert mediation – mediation requiring a professional

to be resolved. c. court-referred mediation

a. facilitation – pre-mediation or a pre-arbitration d. institutional mediation

b. conferencing – “hearing” “session” 20. A characteristic of a mediator in which educational and

c. mediation professional background is not required, but may be

d. arbitration needed depending on the agreement of both parties

16. process of parties getting together with a view to a. impartiality – fairness

reconciling differences and establishing areas of b. competence – knowledge in the issue

agreement, settlement or compromise. c. confidentiality – secrecy

a. facilitation d. face-value
21. is the decision of the arbitral tribunal on the substance of a. ADRO – Alternative Dispute Resolution Office (DOJ);

the dispute and includes any interim, interlocutory or accrediting agency for mediators and arbitrators

partial award or means any partial or final decision by an b. LUPON – settle disputes within brgy level (mediation)

arbitrator in resolving the issue in a controversy c. PANGKAT – composed 3 members from the lupon

a. conviction (Pangkat ng tagapagkasundo) – arbitration

b. acquittal d. NLRC – National Labor Relations Court

c. award 25. The Revised Katarungang Pambarangay Law; otherwise

d. verdict known as the local Government Code of 1991

*arbitral tribunal = 2 o more arbitrators a. RA 7610 – Anti Child Abuse

*arbitrator = single dispute solution practitioner b. RA 7160

22. means an arbitration where: the parties to an arbitration c. PD 1508

agreement have, at the time of the conclusion of that d. RA 6975 – DILG Act of 1990

agreement, their places of business in different states or PD – Presidential Decree – laws made during martial

one of the following places is situated outside the law (Ferdinand Marcos) (1965 – 1986)

Philippines 26. An appropriate authority wherein minor cases will be

a. domestic arbitration – “within the Philippines” referred to, for possible amicable settlement (Brgy)

b. international arbitration before it shall be referred to any authority, for purposes

c. institutional arbitration of filling a complaint and institution of criminal action, if

d. commercial arbitration – “business vs business” necessary.

23. These are the disputes that may not be resolved by a. Lupong Tagapamayapa

arbitration except, b. Municipal/City Chief of Police

a. Annulment c. Parish Priest

b. Jurisdiction of courts d. Barangay Tanod – Brgy Peace and Security Officers

c. criminal liability (BPSO)

d. rental issues 27. These are the cases not covered by barangay justice

Non Arbitrable Cases system except,

a. Annulment a. cases with a penalty of imprisonment of 1 year and

b. legal separation below and fines not exceeding 5,000 pesos.

c. court annexed cases (exclusive in court) b. Where one party is the government, or any

d. high risk cases subdivision or instrumentality thereof

e. jurisdiction of court c. Where one party is a public officer or employee,

f. labor cases and the dispute relates to the performance of his

24. It is mandated to promote, develop and expand the use official functions;

of ADR in the private and public sectors; assist the d. Where the dispute involves real properties located

government in monitoring, studying and evaluating the in different cities and municipalities unless the

use of ADR by the public and private sectors; and parties thereto agree to submit their difference to

recommend to Congress needful statutory changes to amicable settlement by an appropriate Lupon;

develop, strengthen and improve ADR practices in Cases Covered by Brgy:

accordance with world standards. a. crime with penalty of imprisonment of 1 year below

37 (ex. Unjust vex, AOL, slight PI, Slander by deed, oral

37 defamation, simple theft)

b. Crime with penalty of FINE of 5,000 or less. c. certificate to file action

Cases Not Covered by Brgy: d. certification, authentication and verification (CAV)

a. against public officials -----> office of the Ombudsman 31. The reverse version of Stockholm syndrome wherein the

b. victimless crimes (ex prostitution, gambling, drugs) hostage takers expressed sympathy and kindness for the

c. Tax Cases hostages

d. if both parties are living in different municipalities or a. Lima Syndrome

cities (Mr. A – Puerto vs Mr. B – Coron) b. Stockholm Syndrome

Q – what if both parties are living in Puerto Princesa but c. London Syndrome

living in different brgy., where will the hearing take d. Down Syndrome

place? Unique Aftermaths of Hostage Taking

a. brgy of the complainant a. Stockholm syndrome – the hostages expressed

b. brgy of the respondent sympathy for the hostage taker

c. neutral brgy b. Lima Syndrome – Hostage taker expressed

d. brgy where the crime happened sympathy for the hostages

28. These are the cases that can be heard in Barangay, c. London Syndrome – hostage and the hostage

except takers are hostile

a. Slight Physical Injuries 32. The appropriate term use to define a sudden condition or

b. Slander state of an affairs calling for immediate action or

c. Simple Theft intervention.

d. Victimless Crimes a. Crisis c. Emergency – easy to control

29. Issued by the Lupon Secretary and attested by the Lupon 38

Chairman (Punong Barangay), certifying that a 38

confrontation of the parties has taken place and that a b. Tragedy d. Disaster

conciliation settlement has been reached, but the same Latin – Emergentia – “dipping”

has been subsequently repudiated *crisis – sudden change of normality (harder to control)

a. certificate of non filing *disaster – uncontrollable crisis

b. certificate of non settlement 33. A phase of police use of deadly force in which oral and

c. certificate to file action other form of communication is being utilized or simply it

d. certificate of good moral means the actual negotiation.

CFA – Certificate to file Action a. Anticipation c. Aftermath

Issued when: b. Dialogue d. Initial Confrontation

a. failed mediation *last resort to hostage taking = ASSAULT

b. successful mediation but repudiated *1st step in hostage taking = CONTAINMENT (crowd control)

c. non appearance of either party 34. It is an opposite of Stockholm syndrome in which

CFA → a party can now file a case in MTC abductors develop sympathy to their hostage leading to

30. Issued by the Pangkat Secretary and attested by the hostage’s release.

Pangkat Chairman, certifying that a confrontation of the A. Alcohol Syndrome

parties took place but no conciliation/settlement has been B. Lima Syndrome

reached C. London Syndrome

a. certificate of non filing D. Stockholm Syndrome

b. certificate of non settlement 35. These are priorities in a hostage taking situation
EXCEPT, willing to negotiate

a. Preservation of life 41. In general, hostage takers are emotionally tense, when

b. Arrest of hostage taker trapped expand a great deal of emotional physical and

c. recover and protect property psychic energy, hence:

d. involve the media a. swift and precise attack will be one advantage for the

*ultimate goal of crisis management = SALVARI VITAS authorities

- to save lives b. shortening the time will pressed him to surrender

36. Containment in a hostage taking situation refers to: c. prolonging the passage of time shall wear them down

a. police handling of the situation (delaying tactics)

b. negotiation d. aggravating their stress will lead them to surrender.

c. contact – assault *effect of time

d. control of area and people a. tiredness

other option: crowd control; establishment of perimeters b. relaxation

37. The cardinal rule to follow in a hostage taking situation is, c. hunger

a. commanders should not negotiate, negotiators should 42. Considered as a “mortal sin” in hostage situation.

not command a. giving all the demands of the hostage taker

b. open the communication at once b. acting that would prejudice the lives of the hostages

c. negotiate c. deceiving and bluffing the hostage taker

d. ask for demands d. saying “no” to the demands of the hostage taker

Q – why we should follow the cardinal rule in hostage taking? 43. It is an effective planning, formulation of an effective plan,

A – 1. Confusion policies, procedures and techniques in dealing with

2. increase of confidence of the HT. sudden violent act of terrorist and natural disasters .

38. When both hostage and hostage taker develop a mutual a. Crisis management b. stress mgt.

feeling of sympathy, understanding, and other shared stand c. hostage negotiation d. political analysis

on issues, leading them to become enemies of the State, this 44. It is any incident in which people are being held by

turn referred to as, another person or persons against their will, usually by

a. Stockholm Syndrome force or coercion, and demands are being made by the

b. Confrontation perpetrator.

c. Negotiation a. kidnapping b. crisis management

d. familiarization c. hostage incident d. abduction → lewd design

39. The most important person in a hostage situation: *Location – HT – known

a. negotiator b. hostage taker - KN – unknown

c. commander d. hostage *Exchange

*other term for hostage = CAPTIVES HT – demands (anything)

*other term for Hostage takers = abductor / captor KN – Ransom (money)

40. In hostage situation, non-verbal communication which *Communication

indicates openness and willingness to listen can be shown by: HT – F2F negotiation

a. a posture of folded arms in a dominant position KN – Electronic means

b. calmly repeating words of comfort and assurance 45. “Persons in crisis” are those hostage takers who take

c. by not attempting to trick or lie – bluff hostages because _________:

d. keeping arms open and with a gesture that you are a. by reason of mental illness → psychotics
b. by reason of prolonged frustration, despair and problems c. character distortion

c. for personal reason – common criminals d. outcry

d. because of political and ideological belief – terrorist 51. Who is the chairman of the Lupon Tagapamayapa in the

Q – which of the following is the easiest to negotiate? Barangay Level where there is a diversion program?

A – Common criminals A. Punong Barangay

Q – hardest to negotiate B. BCPC Chairman

A – terrorist C. LSWDO

39 D. PNP member

39 52. This document is required by the Prosecutor’s Office

46. It is the position from which a unit commander and his staff before it can entertain a complaint on a case covered by

exercise command over the hostage incident. the Barangay Court.

a. command post b. outer perimeter a. Certificate of Non-Settlement

c. inner perimeter d. command headquarters b. Certificate of Non-arbitration

47. In dealing with the hostage taker, the negotiator should not: c. Certificate to file action

a. give his name d. complaint affidavi

b. give his rank and designation

c. give in to all demands

d. look friendly or accommodating

negotiable demands – food, water, alcohol, money

non negotiable demands – firearms, drugs, deadly weapons,

48. The stage of advance planning, organization and coordination

and control in response to an anticipated future crisis

occurrence is called

a. Proactive Crisis Management – “4Ps” – plan, predict,

prepare and prevent

b. Reactive Crisis Management – 1P – performance during

the crisis

c. Performance Stage

d. Reaction Phase

49. A technique in hostage negotiation where in the

negotiator get an understanding of where they’re coming

from and how they feel

a. active listening

b. rapport

c. empathy

d. behavioral change

50. An aftermath of the hostage taking incident wherein there

are nightmares of the event repeated disturbing thoughts

of the event

a. Flooded Status

b. Psychosomatic responses