:
“ Chenfe canner eantle tangles
“ Curtent Ecectere FC
Ps G {Re lotomeh of ebeeltcdy
toatl deals witG (he Confmnt
Ll of chcehyns geuinhd by s+
Clomece Cth “fhe fiw &
Mearmfrmd when Hare os Prfenti
Oifferrree See UP bheep Ie
aikchns & mefin-
Qaaniers of Efechrie Charfe-
ee
Qerhvre “4 Ccatuim) , nesebe
aoe ;
fe fiw f+ Packet q
Leefric fe. ee
cdype fe Lo meduim
Electric Curent”
Hie G tle quectetiy
f us efon elechr|
Penk DeoZe Fliivep Pak a gene
Wit wo acenducky Pex seein:
ie ee Veen A=JA°
whae ¢ -
oe RA
Comucty depends on the fe (lwp f 3
CSTE ‘voelsn Omega ine |S = Oe
5; Laie —&
OL varia vveccely a5 the crve | 3
Scchyg n A2X of tee condvaha, | Condactutty Wrerir <) tn
GLE depends un fle nalwre ae? my) a Ue
te metey (At! suis pane ht Commas Conese
COTE ake oper oh 1B rhe Cndvatinee GERAD as
A the CmdvePe. Toren vr temp mesenre of wnduermmt;
we hert Sf a ive imenenter tea offered bh Re Pern fe cusent
Crndse Rehy ol
Leis Sf esis
Yee Sfenea fide ayi~es + ap Ut eR) as Tee;
: Poe geri’
TY.
Ne aa
dt ie Red’ cus) Ae. noise
un, tevin @ Peg Otigmrd
Kesistmee Pet Degree tle wr
derpetmfure *
Let a mebece comd ue he baw“f?
a wesisfrnee ef R, 2€ O'c be
heated £°C ad LE
tetstence at ftu ef
be Re Cen considering _
mim Senfer of fewp-, €
VA \fuend ThE cease Un verisfra
Cenduckichy » OF ee,
mig, Ae os ee ta
fete gert oe
er.
o = i er
ey Ra
san
Beir rotons bande
QS vin.
alee
GmdneRity, c= L L&E
VA VA
Tr
o- Le
A v
Bre, Cwduclonee, G= a
Pe gt
4
Cpa ie fees Ge 02a
b= Q-R depends mba
Ac he® 449% sdeee , TRe wR
vn femp erature amd om +h
Nefree of fee maker iat -
R= Re-R, « R.dt°
Re-Re = KROL:
xe Renee OR = Oy
Ride ot
Wha K & etm ert aw)
Ue as Me aieel a a dente
eceficenk ef vestedemes »
RE-R =a Rot”
RQ Rak, dt
R= RC 4xot)- “Olw's Lew
© Obes law ett Hea EH Ansel
I Pecsmg Treerg * wire is dteetby
© Pre pet bee bth Pofertine di fF:
eckwern end Prvidad aoe
E femperrtvr o kept Gora Creatas
: Vat
y-2TR
-Comduetoy oehveen the pee
amy dbexd -
| sent totems ofren’s Law:
i fhe femperatine of ihe conduc
cp wae mvt be ensfert”
have a Uw fam
on Le amet Ge oftte Some
malar Rm ome end & he
offax
bi) Ce wre must not be
Tue: denen:
IR law
tat S6ealt Ore! [aw
;
Tease cre ALLD oF
cnduchas: “Ln this hype
Comduetr, the Hew T
Covensed Mn direc hin Wher ae”
Ok vs reser teds [rt Hee megui- |
do, Of Aha Cument 6 Unchnpo
wa Co, the Choractegcs dice &#
fRe Cwrenk - Vellepe G@-v) Graph
is = Sheng he Inna Pasenp Hmph
he origins Aa elee, ae
yWAd Ce
of
u
Cr
whee © Hee casstemee of Hy Such a+ pct SAY
Solr fom walt Sade ntate
obeys otm's Naive
Qoo
mokals:
—_—— _——>
-v 4 Neon—ofmic. Conduches arcd@ure,
WHat) do net obey Cmts Sate
Taw: A non oPmete Charackris-
dees cx Curent - Voltage ae ph
Fray have Cave wistead of
a Shraight [me ov CE may
net Pas dlr the osegin:
£ may cmuct Purly ox not
Dat ald when 4Re Pk & (eversed’
Dem pls oe Semetond we ft
wetcinls [ha sclcen &
amare -
Coe Rane Getim bar trates
HR MN~ Ofte Charaetecis he |
= Jeretin dude, neon 9%,
: ude valve Prt
SK PRE) oo
, Bae eaten
Some WAL noo cbmc
Amur wheth Fon an
wopurteet post vn eletance
md Fher Cdgeuts are:
Ovodes, Light emits dieddjes)
Lyre dependent vert fr(Loe)
flere hes ete- | S
: fos and Pera lled
Digistose 0 ‘Sex
Qeickart w Sestes
Ta seviss Cumbimatin, the caren (|
a the Some cach of (Re
© pesuhrt Cnt He Pet acon
cach vesishs 0 diffaent-
Frnfésa mire, tote 7-2 acorns
Abese seSidis 6 vid bh the
Sam ef the Prk accion each
(ad ini Suet vertsher
g CRs
Va
Yo Ur tUetVe
© beosth
ye tt
Ta-IR 4LQ +14
We EC atte)
Z
ce
Re &
Not (at tHe CimBrnad Devise cee
always beds Aban dha leat
Vadiniduelh Sersdemer ie +
Grebewadon:
Sewer
Resists tn Pore alleC
ln Parallel Gmncehsn of terse
lige P-L aeenurs each crc haitial
toe Same awd U aged do tee
P-R aceres the WRG
lecthecy; but tee Coren
Offers: fhe 62 cmint u
Push he tha fom ° the vests tnily
othe frst menial
Axio fum amd Ls 25cm
[anf wRLLL Seem) raked
har vesisbvty of Sie
ami) ux Poem lenge What
ita betshanitg of the
ve) behvern He 2n037
stn.
et 4x(F ln, Az Aa Some
4mm, Be Set63 Sm
a”
= 3x0
le 26em = AExIS 7M
es: Qoem = Fo le 2m
Resistmen fF tea sok,
coaniay peg ink veka)
§° 49 x10 villa» AShomls ao flog Bu,
3 Umifem , ob At can
) the cunt Shy Gta
fen Osift Speed Re PUthle
A, As g
Briof x 3x04. Metis? +3575"
ox io®
gsxe
gx io ®
s Shim vn the fig: bel
0% feymie. tha dota charge ACat
Dass torrm Ply Aha element af
t= os Ot= 25 © toss
SO 000M = SEK
curent drwy an eLerert}
10° fe flowy Orrp&
Ye prcten he cave VE vite
aml vo Linge. Vs curs fo the
thi oils eo Oaea
Which cumueho har leer€
Gavisfem ue am) WRully rt max
ees deren]
ve
(a
ans
oa
= 0G
a Tt = Sxax loc:
Seto ,
In Grapht-
Resisemer a grren ley the
Slope
Spe of A, & Rye SY
Ry = Be oon
\ dv. At
Slope of BRo= Br Resistmor & gwen by tke
Saipver’ of the Slope:
: = ML
pt
So Least Vesiefmen 4 GY
Max: estan v2, 4 Ler OS
Ie In mat looms,
ae is 10° J enseqy temp
eax Ho Prfental diff:
sxtor a hme
wihexval of o-asee: Cal:
ID He PD orm of
Claes trom Fed. Ura clon)
mS grow) @) tha eanet
Aba Leghtyng bol€
al.
Boy bromaieicd, We IOS
Neolbge , V= Sx lorV
Be, t= O-Dsec-
Charge: 4 Exe tgy ¥omsfecie
Pleat duff
oo)
Qoc:
ae
Selo?
ee A (oS
on
a
a0
tests pres ox Conocike)
pewh 12V 46 sheer)
(2+ Tren
fetta batery
@ Caleta te Curent on the
Cutout tan Ss Sper and clon)
G onl tea vertege, asenes he
ican Welles cack ‘cesistss
ee Se open and clered:
gel.
@ who srt sve sper
Qp = Rita tes = atrsed= A
ee ee 1.33A> ~4
i
When gwite & ts elered: 1g A cet Sepphi ve Curent
094 trap hh © Asi veere he
amy a cuvrenE of O80 thrush +
Bashy of 72. Gl the, mlrpral|
Basten of He lh
Bg-9 (24s) = Ee
pet o9ve® —4)
T= Osh; Rin TN:
0-32 _E
q+
oscaty)= =
QAto3r =e —)
xy 1°
QAyrRy ug. eae
ae FH
Eom eg (1), ABs bh iencl
wh ein ON; pe get when = fa
Wah, = 1S
Ra _ ob ett
= La
(Cael Sales
Ny = ©:
Rm
Got Kee Ay vn 23002 From are Comnseted vi Serer
Ae Gi: (2 Su Tepe (eo eee
reenshves
ele £45, 6s md IAN:
ge & 2 Is ae a chatcutl Olapmm
2, \ At dha abv
| Ve eunampemnt >
RAS = IS ee C) the Curent
2, he cack, Fond
Be tse 1s
Con wet, + 56° Tofee viliege = lov ican tea resdencal
Be er pes State bl behoene Amd B tae gwen |
Beit. 6 .,\2% 1a 12 rout |
cn
Roe 12 = QAn- pe |
& br
aR
Repistenee let fern A md
ltatse bn. awe an Rees
Wikiey
1G A [ead wr1e omd an ron
re cad Comected iy Parallel
far saspeehie Ferisfomens Le
Son the Chic 49°24" Re Lrmer
Gris BOY, MIE Ctuen( Can tle
D lating amd He Mallee 477 lonpex
Atm the Lower Defermmme +e
D paba e fiGerr conse Cee hwnd
TLUCRS* Sen.
pase
TH 24
wes 190
Pete tata
UL Uren? fe Col
; Now,
Re fale
Alas
2,2 foxtiin
ne
| feiss te fre Wt Ad au
Porte 5 2
es eae a
Vie tite
cdivoaret tin
in ae Rie?
Ziadie
Lhe Rens Utd) yc ale
pn A. Seb
Teo ons Fh Glen
Avian Line ie ‘fe hivod
Ales Tied fend bread
ee KG
Le
19. Colentate 4Re vests tree
Of Lim lnp a6 @E um posed
Of 19SFrands Ef Geni lar Coppee
cond uefiss, enc Sfromd Lemrp
[32mm in Leamnefer: ICesiefachy
ef copper may be alten as
baxter? Am:
Glo .
R= P&L '
a
P= paaxto’® , Lente L= [som
Pye Th")
Theo thay = Line mk
Ke ee) oe sax 10 |
Re 1 Taxi ® x lo00x
Ui TR les, NOE
(9x (32? x lo
Ayn fo, Ataxi ata io4
|
j
-F
t parent -
mon
I BR cig a Und fim Cres
eefen at wet of O-lmet CF te
Tasve U mde ef marpimin lat
64 Shirly Rectal
A Hee wire 8 Oven nt b tfrreel
mes by usigral leptt, by
many Ames wrnld yun expt
Wee lonee bw Cleanse?
ANS. 021 Ohmu-
B- A puce ef Alvey wire has
Hester of 10 whet ll
Loe Ha resister £ Pees
wie =f one third Ha lopth
Bd One— tht) the drametey
DP the easis Wty f Pe See
hn. 4ent af Rive -
Ost
t
s
«
Din aluminium wise 7S"
Dt cormacfed vin < poral
a Copper wire Gm |p:
an = Crt “fF & pevied
dy tReeembrnahim, it
fiat Ho Crint vr tee.
em Wile a 3A. thee
ad of a elven
WIR Udinm. Ocfecmmne thal
Ao
Fhe vescdance of (oom loves 4
wn oe Coppee Gi
ly of chnefe |
G: SGD me
a, Velo i
re epee As Roe et ee
ae ‘Capt ot (nt
af 4
cof al, dem
ree, ele brn Miter CoP
pues! c/n
osx ai a
Hav lop ill ee
pe pec hake de AU
Pee eo cord her bh
ake cthor 7?
Ane, O-73cUmIS. ce 431 Yona |
‘ ges sa ee |
oa An ieecpiae
Fd Ha qeris fone of He lefr|
WV astimep that Aha earths
On Hae Uebrme xf matot]
Bernornn trae Sark*
Ans. SAN:
6: Auwive Am lng ond So
Aiommapeg as < Sevisfomee of
(Sm! A p-& of 23¥ 4 apple) |
befurcen' tz ends (Ct) What 9 |
He curt va thew
cu) what & dhe he |
of the cuartat Jenriby © !
Cae Pea eae aes eee
ae
|
min
: : a Us 0-0]7)
Hak of fy ef coppre
|wrre >
wa
Aha alwmin uum 1s O°028udm] Bae fF E-fiG 10Ke, a) pte
anal rer Q-oxlo em
acdomce, Vf 0° (SLE Gade bo
f = OF KR
see ly
mAwite °F archume 0 dn | (Bea
s mS aa on exes scene]
gs Lt os commt f4* | le PCe
ee, ow OS oo nppled belveen| A
fe 2nd Gl Re Cond 2
Me end ketg| 9. don
eS Devlin, Az Om. onl on
516 PC been (L[n) = tonfpune Orbe] D Paderdnat df
0 021m = O-on Kio S SUM
bnteo ned EC ea sae
See aaa oltololrol = 6 4t
B o-
© fee ors Te
Qt
Te 26 2 2H. 34a
Jot or4 lod
Vz 3-4exlo= 34: 6V-
@) ny Pocess caek oth
SOW e148. @ Tofee wren y T=
Whee idee cae cunnee fe din
Petatted, bet emf
& eft fo ide emf of
me losftey Imt wh
‘um proved Curt”
Ch) Eavivaomt about enrf E> SY
Pe ecu reudel
“Ye BEING
2
Bey
\
eR
pl a
Bice OS AGS
= OATS
coe
of
ean, faz
Vv Bak.
n a a
aS 5
. Frm the Quen Ontouk| =
SV, ost lot ol2e lol2s
Ta o-SA
© Pd acess erchk cet,
Ve Tenure xlo= SV-
Q Garect fre each wth
Te f 2 oSScecta
a PRS Exest CH
fe tie eprive len Sess fnew
of fay Garis dros Jemed en Parallel
BOS: Tee tan
Hrromgh them are 0:6, 03,02
Meta seca us 20S
When connect on Parallel, Re
meas * GN - Qeferrmme the}
a serisdance Pte
je tsmer oh om)
Ge tte fotlnep cet ome
Oalevfoe
eis trop Loe
a n Fork TRIAS ts
(2A: fwd ie (1) gepaates
Roam) 16M veHs dros:
© Fhe Uv yng eoeess sha whet
Ce cece aN Olt afc
in gersher Amd Fos rersfey
E (ch
o | e- Fd pe val
f cach yesisht- eel hb ne
: svt amend YO
Aas. 4on, ou, 120M, 240, a oo it
, at Cunt |
Fina. veristemee fo tus wr ves qT, ron
Aas. tt). ge, 3o%
@ aly, & acy) 36V
@® 2430"
G frm tte eqn cle tothe
hen ce
Swpplad
Re Cumrerte CF and Har Crvalen
64316 fee aren) +f Fhe co Bes
1h23Sh>
Aa OR. .G-%
LR of: are
he OE RChat)
weeded ot
4¢Cyo-s) 45 (30)
= 0-0296|°C-
ae aov o oPPI4
o£
paw
1089) 5-p:0589 + 392m
“ % Me
Beek bo Hees GE Lit sees
Be; oe eo prs 69443"
2 3.929 XIE be |
A PAS
Fagin rnk (Ce om
pee CA: What will be) #7"
oe ftw Of
bos fallen ic
ee Leh
bie
de
Saple*t,
B.-A THO) —O
C2 C1 +404)
tn)
3. WEe UC tt) 4
fe
396% Gi
LtHlove + ys = to (tt Yor):
m4 . 767
doe Bltt 2
pee Ov): (-3F2 ,
» @ ow Gav arel Cee’
es 3ét . a Ib 4. fe fi lment pn ate
[ror Lt 40x” ovetet Florent x ae
Gms maw i
3-4 (1 +104) 2. Sune of peta my
= a HT Cit)| ges faity E-20e *pgau ex
ZB \4er gipene 3 HP HOH We mealies ee
Pec s7er ee a & disse aoe bow ~t
IEzgaa= 0°62! Folament es 2420°C?
x= 0:62! iat
i “We
Teeea echt CE
40 Gi) Re a4 caeen
XR Go
Roraw = alia KAEL-
Jeo = Reale tregau-ne)xoos
60> Bool! +1af.
Q60- &[13] -
Riz 260 = 79-85U
wt | eer
le Ade (0 onan
Bras ae) lence, of<@ agevitfanee « P
a Qo: | Conk Gres berrine Caoea
2 Giger 236 > g cust
2
q (o-oans’) -g
eee nen a
“ie oP x15" at 20 = Gov 4 gve = Pot
Con brnadvin peer soe a
orsem = Stem:
na Ais a aS a Cites:
omen af GO end 300°C QSh= gal +a@-29)):
: pute gare 2 9
seapeekn ly above] o> [+ 30%
: pe cle
adem eee eae ed
: joel = 5o8
6-06 = 3°%
FO oes
Zo Sv
<= oroa"e™
pecgamest
[A poe of si STOR
wie [6 be ly amd of
Crass —seefnt BAR (amm? «t (he Sul Capacch« u
er sy < tol Sspply
6: (Mi vegisfy. How
PME te the pacify
: Ae fee Pe f zavl-
ben ¢ Cxpacits charted h
of Yay 5 Cwncete,)
Mh nts end
PSM, tha vette rexcdip
Fu bP Charge) by lwov
Sepply torph ay eevchy
“OLMIL- Determme the
Det, of As mb R Vals
Alss Hee frie detent
a bs Deetesre fo
LH Gat bid valoe
jw, 2 lovems]
3
G
oon, lOvE
|
the Baap erm lowe, hw
[neg undl'ct tetere Fhe CPS
ve (fetly does ee
Oecrerce & gov
GTne fe fs Cr
Phew Fellen ty Ov] see Grewie, rm
ee els «
utes: ey #Ra. Cxpatitonte
GpaeBr (Ans. 2-3iup)| =eolMF ae ap
A PaeRy of vf opened lrg
