GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY
MAHARAJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LAB
SUBJECT CODE – BBA 208
SUBMITTED BY – Ishita Anand SUBMITTED TO – DR. Alka Gupta
ROLL NO – 06221201720
CLASS – BBA (G) SECTION – B (4th SEM)
module TOPIC remarks
1. Introduction to SPSS
Make a data file with the following variables and their
information.
2.
Calculate the frequency distribution and measures of Central
tendency (Mean, Median, Mode) and Dispersion from the
following data.
3. Cross Tabulation
4. Correlation Analysis
Displaying skewness and kurtosis from the data given
5
6.
Displaying box plot
Displaying Histograms using the given data
7.
8. Correlation through Crosstabs
9. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation
10. Whitney U Test
11 One Way ANOVA
MODULE – 1
Introduction to SPSS
OVERVIEW:-
SPSS is the abbreviation of Statistical Package for Social Sciences and it is used
by researchers to perform statistical analysis. As the name
suggests, SPSS statistics software is used to perform only statistical operations.
The professionals at Statistics Solutions are experts in SPSS software and
statistical operations.
SPSS software is used to perform quantitative analysis and is used as a complete
statistical package that is based on a point and click interface. This software has
been widely used by researchers to perform quantitative analysis since its
development in the 1960s by Norman H. Nie, in collaboration with C. Hadlai Hull
and Dale Bent.
SPSS software can read and write data from other statistical packages,
databases, and spreadsheets. When entering data into the software, one has to
click on “variable view.” The variable view enables the user to customize
it by data type and consists of the following headings: Name, Type, Width,
Decimals, Label, Values, Missing, Columns, Align, and Measures. These headings
enable the user to characterize the data.
SPSS is most often used in social science fields such as psychology,
where statistical techniques are involved at a large scale. In the field of
psychology, techniques such as cross tabulation, t-test, chi square test, etc., are
available in the “analyze” menu of the software.
FEATURES:-
Now that we have a basic idea of how SPSS works, let's take a look at
what it can do. Following a typical project workflow, SPSS is great for
• Opening data files, either in SPSS’ own file format or many others;
• Editing data such as computing sums and means over columns or rows
of data. SPSS has outstanding options for more complex operations as
well.
• Creating tables and charts containing frequency counts or summary
statistics over (groups of) cases and variables.
• Running inferential statistics such as ANOVA, regression and factor
analysis.
• Saving data and output in a wide variety of file formats.
Role of Computerized Data Analysis:-
Right, so SPSS can open all sorts of data and display them -
and their metadata- in two sheets in its Data Editor window.
So how to analyze your data in SPSS? Well, one option is
using SPSS’ elaborate menu options.
Make a data file with the following variables and their information.
Now let us see how we can work efficiently through SPSS
Step 1;
Make a google form with its name RM file
Step 2;
Create data fields of empID, empname , gender, age ,income
,education, marital status , age group, income group
Step 3;
Record responses from various responders
Step 4;
Convert the responses into an excel file
Step 5;
import the data in spss from excel(xls format)
Displaying the data from data view
Displaying the data from variable view
Module 2
Calculate the frequency distribution and measures of
Central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode) and Dispersion
from the following data
Analyze the data using descriptive frequency statistics;
Displaying the frequency table
Displaying the data through charts (pie charts)
Module 3
Cross Tabulation
2)Displaying crosstabs in SPSS from the data present
Displaying the data in rows and columns through crosstabs
(Gender and Income crosstabulation)
Module 4
Correlation Analysis
2.1) Selecting case of the data(if condition)
Selecting the data using If condition (Age>20)
Obtaining the results from case select clause
2.2) case sorting (age in descending order)
Obtaining the results
Module 5
Displaying skewness and kurtosis from the data given
Step1 ; go to descriptive statistics and select frequencies
Step 2; Go to frequencies AND tick both the checkboxes of
skewness and kurtosis
Step 3; obtain the results
Module 6
Displaying box plot
Step 1; Go to analyze and select descriptive frequencies
Step 2; select frequencies under explore tab
Step 3; select the checkbox with normality plots
Step 4; obtain the results
Module 7
Displaying Histograms using the given data
Step 1; Go to analyze and select descriptive frequencies
Step 2; select frequencies under explore tab
Step 3; select the histogram checkbox
Step 4; choose the appropriate properties for the histogram
ie under curves select normal
You can also select the colors for the histogram
Module 8
CORRELATION THROUGH CROSSTABS
Step 1: Enter Data in Data View
Step 2: Enter Data in Variable View
Step 3: Go to Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Crosstabs
Step 4: Move Monthly Household Income under Row and Retail
Purchase under Column.
Step 5: Select Statistics and click on Correlations. Then press continue
Step 6: Press OK to get the required Output
Module 9
SPEARMAN’S RANK ORDER CORRELATION.
Show the relationship between the following data through SPEARMAN’S RANK
ORDER CORRELATION.
Ans. 9)
Step 1: Enter Data in Data View
Step 2: Enter Data in Variable View
Step 3: Go to Analyze > Correlate > Bivariate
Step 4: Move Monthly Household Income and Retail Purchase under
Variables. Then select Spearman.
Step 5: Press OK to get the required Output
Module 10
MANNWHITNEY U TEST
Show the relationship between the following data through
MANNWHITNEY U TEST
Ans. 10)
Step 1: Enter Data in Data View
Step 2: Enter Data in Variable View
Step 3: Go to Analyze > Nonparametric Tests > Legacy Dialogs > 2
Independent Samples
Step 4: Put Retail Store under Grouping Variable and Sale under Test
Variable List. Then, select Mann-Whitney U.
Step 5: Click on Define Groups
Step 6: Put 1 in Group 1 and 2 in Group 2. Then press continue
Step 7: Press OK to get the required Output
Step 8: Required Output
Module 11
ONE-WAY ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA ("analysis of variance") compares the means of two or more
independent groups in order to determine whether there is statistical evidence
that the associated population means are significantly different. One-Way
ANOVA is a parametric test.
This test is also known as:
• One-Factor ANOVA
• One-Way Analysis of Variance
• Between Subjects ANOVA
Ques. 7) Show the relationship between the following data through ONE WAY
ANOVA.
Ans. 7)
Step 1: Enter Data in Data View
Step 2: Enter Data in Variable View
Step 3: Go to Analyze > Compare Means > One-Way ANOVA
Step 4: Move Sales under Dependent List and Quarter under Factor
Step 5: Click on Contrasts then select Polynomial. Press continue
Step 6: Select Options
Step 7: Select Descriptive & Homogeneity of Variance test. Press continue
Step 8: Press OK to get the required Output
