Models of

the
Universe
Physical Science

Name: Dumandan, Ma. Eliza O. &

Mejia, Qwnxy Rain Clizeil S.
Section: 11 Humss Aristotle

Date Performed: 04/16/24

Date Submitted: 04/17/ 24
Eudoxus' Aristotle
Universe Universe
ARISTOTLE UNIVERSE
EUDOXUS UNIVERSE
•Eudoxus, who had also
Eudoxus' model Sun studied under Plato,
and Moon had three developed a model of the
universe that Aristotle used. It
spheres each, the
was made out of 53
planets had four translucent, crystalline,
spheres each and concentric spheres that
the stars shared one rotated on various axes. The
sphere. All the model was both geocentric
and homocentric since each
spheres were
sphere was centered on a
spinning steadily stationary Earth. The outside
around different sphere was fastened with
axes. stars. The corruptible Earth
was separated from the
immutable, constant skies by
the Moon.
Copernicus' Ptolemy's
Universe Universe
.

COPERNICUS UNIVERSE (COPERNICAN HELIOCENTRISM)

•Nicolaus Copernicus model positioned the Sun at the

center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the
other planets orbiting around it in circular paths, modified
by epicycles, and at uniform speeds.

PTOLEMY UNIVERSE

•In Claudius Ptolemy's own model, Earth was spherical and

stationary, existing in its natural location at the center of the
universe. Contrary to popular belief, the model contained
eccentrics, thus it wasn't exactly geocentric; rather, it was
geostatic. Stars were fixed on a celestial sphere that revolved
once every 24 hours, 10,000 Earth diameters from the center.
Combinations of eccentrics, deferents, and epicycles
described the motions of the Sun and the five planets.
Approximately seventy spheres and circles were needed in
all.
ARISTARCHUS' Universe

ARISTARCHUS UNIVERSE
(ARISTARCHUS HELIOCENTRIC MODEL)

•Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310–230 BC) advocated a

heliocentric universe, which placed the Sun as its
center. We would be familiar with his hypothesis
today as an acceptable justification for the solar
system. Every planet, including Earth, was in a round
orbit around a stationary Sun. The Moon orbited the
Earth, and the Earth spun on its axis once a day.
Differences of
the 5 models
(Eudoxus, Aristotle, Aristarchus, Ptolemy,
Copernicus Universe)
 • Aristotle-Eudoxus Aristotle-Ptolemy
Eudoxus' model has 27 concentric spheres •Aristotle's model is simpler and tries to explain
for the Sun, Moon, planets, and the stars the universe as a philosophical entity that can
whose common center is the Earth. be rationally explained, Ptolemy's model is
Aristotle's model of the universe is much more complex as it tries to explain the
composed of 56 spheres guiding the motion universe as a physical entity that can be
of Sun, Moon and the five known planets.

ARISTOTLE
observed.
Aristotle-Copernicus Aristotle-Aristarchus
•Aristotle believed that the Earth was the •Aristotle's model of the universe is composed of

UNIVERSE center of the universe, and the heavenly bodies

revolved around it in a system of nested
56 spheres guiding the motion of Sun, Moon and
the five known planets. Aristarchus said that
spheres. Copernicus had the same type of smaller celestial bodies must orbit the larger ones
convoluted system, except with the Sun at and since the Sun is much larger than the Earth,
(near) the center then the Earth must orbit around the Sun.

Aristarchus-Ptolemy
Aristarchus-Eudoxus •Aristarchus said that smaller celestial bodies must
•Eudoxus model have the Earth as orbit the larger ones and since the Sun is much larger
than the Earth, then the Earth must orbit around the
the center of the universe while
Sun. Ptolemaic model introduced the concepts of

Aristarchus
Aristarchus model have the Sun as epicycle, deferent, and equant to explain the observed
the center “imperfect” motions of the planet.

Aristarchus-Aristotle
UNIVERSE Aristarchus-Copernicus
•Aristarchus's model only consists of circular
•Aristotle's model of the universe is composed of
56 spheres guiding the motion of Sun, Moon and
orbits, while the Copernican model introduces
the five known planets. Aristarchus said that
the concept of epicycles, which are smaller
smaller celestial bodies must orbit the larger ones
circular orbits followed by planets around an
and since the Sun is much larger than the Earth,
imaginary point in space.
then the Earth must orbit around the Sun.
 Ptolemy-Eudoxus Ptolemy- Aristotle
•Ptolemy model had a spherical, unmoving shape •Aristotle's model is simpler and tries to explain
as Earth as the center. The planets place are the universe as a philosophical entity that can
creating a straight line while Eudoxus have the be rationally explained, Ptolemy's model is
same center like Ptolemy it revolves steadily much more complex as it tries to explain the
that makes the planet have different places. universe as a physical entity that can be

Ptolemy's
observed..

Ptolemy-Copernicus Ptolemy-Aristarchus
•Ptolemy models the Earth is at the center of the •Aristarchus said that smaller celestial bodies must
orbit the larger ones and since the Sun is much larger
UNIVERSE universe and everything in the universe revolves
around the Earth. Copernicus model sun is at the than the Earth, then the Earth must orbit around the
Sun. Ptolemaic model introduced the concepts of
center of the universe and majority of the bodies
epicycle, deferent, and equant to explain the
in the universe revolves around the Sun observed “imperfect” motions of the planet.

Eudoxus-Aristotle Eudoxus - Ptolemy's

•Eudoxus' model has 27 concentric spheres for the •Ptolemy model had a spherical, unmoving shape
Sun, Moon, planets, and the stars whose common as Earth as the center. The planets place are
center is the Earth. Aristotle's model of the universe creating a straight line while Eudoxus have the

Eudoxus '
is composed of 56 spheres guiding the motion of same center like ptolemy it revolves steadily
Sun, Moon and the five known planets. that makes the planet have different places.

UNIVERSE
Eudoxus-Copernicus
•Eudoxus' model has 27 concentric spheres for the
Eudoxus- Aristarchus
Sun, Moon, planets, and the stars whose common •Eudoxus model have the Earth as the
center is the Earth revolving steadily while center of the universe while Aristarchus
Copernicus' model have the Sun as the center,
model have the Sun as the center.
Additionally the Earth and other planet orbits in a
circular path at a uniform speed.
 Copernicus- Eudoxus Copernicus- Ptolemy's
•Eudoxus' model has 27 concentric spheres for •Ptolemy models the Earth is at the center of
the Sun, Moon, planets, and the stars whose the universe and everything in the universe
common center is the Earth revolving steadily revolves around the Earth. Copernicus model
while Copernicus' model have the Sun as the sun is at the center of the universe and
center, Additionally the Earth and other planet majority of the bodies in the universe revolves

Copernicus
orbits in a circular path at a uniform speed. around the Sun.

Copernicus- Aristotle Copernicus- Aristarchus's

•Aritstotle believed that the Earth was the center •Aristarchus's model only consists of circular
UNIVERSE of the universe, and the heavenly bodies revolved orbits, while the Copernican model introduces
around it in a system of nested spheres. the concept of epicycles, which are smaller
Copernicus had the same type of convoluted circular orbits followed by planets around an
system, except with the Sun at (near) the center imaginary point in space.