ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺓ :5ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ
ﺩ .ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺣﻠﻳﻡ ﻋﺳﺎﺳﻲ
ﺃﺳﺗﺎﺫ ﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭ ﺑﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﺭﺍﻥ
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﻧﺔ - 1ﺍﻟﺟﺯﺍﺋﺭ
abdelhalim.assassi@univ-batna.dz ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ:
ﻓﻬﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺓ 5
ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ02...................................................................................................................
-1ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ02............................................................
-ﺣﺳﺏ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺑﺎﻁ02...........................................................................................
-ﺣﺳﺏ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺋﻭﻟﻳﺔ02..........................................................................................
-ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ02....................................................................................
-2ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ02..........................................................................................................
-3ﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ03.................................................................................................
-4ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﺎﺯ04...................................................................................................
ﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ04....................................................................................................................
ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ04.................................................................................................................
1
ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺻﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻣﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ
ﻟﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﻑ ﺗﺣﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﺔ ،ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺎﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺻﻧﻑ ﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ
ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ،ﻭﻓﻲ ﺧﺿﻡ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﻳﺗﻭﻁﻥ ﻋﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺩﺧﻠﻳﻥ ﻛﻝ ﺣﺳﺏ ﻣﻬﻣﺗﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﻠﻑ ﺑﻪ ،ﻓﻣﺧﻁﻁ
ﻭﻣﺑﺭﻣﺞ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻣﺻﻣﻡ ﻭﻣﻧﻔﺫ ﻭﻣﻧﺟﺯ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ
ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﻳﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ.
ﻓﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺩﺧﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ؟
ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﻡ ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ؟
-1ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ
ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
-ﺣﺳﺏ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺑﺎﻁ :ﻓﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻳﻧﻘﺳﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ
ﻓﻳﺻﻧﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻓﺎﻋﻼ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺍ ﻻﺭﺗﺑﺎﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﺑﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺿﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺻﻳﻖ ﺑﻬﺎ )ﻛﺎﻟﻣﺧﻁﻁ
ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺛﻼ( ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻓﻳﺻﻧﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻓﺎﻋﻼ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ
ﻟﻔﺭﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﺩﺧﻠﻪ )ﻛﺎﻟﻣﻛﻠﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻛﺗﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﻣﺛﻼ(.
-ﺣﺳﺏ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺋﻭﻟﻳﺔ :ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺩﺧﻠﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻧﻘﺳﻣﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ
ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻭﻥ ،ﻭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﺗﻧﺻﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻬﻡ ﻣﺳﺋﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺳﻳﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻳﺣﺎﺳﺑﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺻﻝ ﻧﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻠﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺟﺯﺓ )ﻛﺎﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻲ ﻣﺛﻼ( ،ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﺭﻋﻳﻳﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﻥ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺇﻣﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻭﻥ )ﻛﺎﻟﺗﻘﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺟﺎﺭ ﻣﺛﻼ(.
-ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ :ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻘﺳﻳﻣﻬﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ
)ﻛﺄﻋﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺯﺓ ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺛﻼ( ،ﻭﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ
ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ )ﻛﺎﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺿﺎء ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎﺭﻳﻳﻥ ﻣﺛﻼ( ،ﻭﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ
ﺃﻱ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﻧﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ )ﻛﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﺎﺯ ﻣﺛﻼ(.
ﻭﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺳﻧﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺫﻛﺭ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﻋﻧﻬﻡ.
-2ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ
ﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﻗﻭﺍﻣﻳﺱ ﺃﻭﻛﺳﻔﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
”A person who is responsible for inventing or realizing a particular idea or project.” 1.
ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺋﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﺗﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﻓﻛﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻣﺎ.
ﻭﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﻳﻥ :2
-ﺣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺧﻼﻕ.
-ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﺩﻗﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺭﻳﺩ ﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺑﻧﺎءﻩ.
1
www.oxforddictionaries.com
2
www.aiafla.org/Consumer-Information_Role-of-an-Architect.cfm
2
ﺟﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺷﻲ ﺃﺳﻬﻝ ﻟﻠﺣﻳﺎﺓ. -
ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ. -
ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء. -
ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺻﺎﻣﻳﻡ ﻣﺛﻳﺭﺓ ﻟﺭﻏﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ. -
ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺩ. -
ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ. -
ﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﺳﻥ ﻓﺗﺣﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﻟﺩ ﻓﻲ 23ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 1900ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻛﻧﺩﺭﻳﺔ،
ﻭﺗﺧﺭﺝ ﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺣﺎﻟﻳًﺎ( .ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺩ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺋﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﺭﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻁﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺑﻥ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺻﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻠﻭﻛﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ .ﺇﺷﺗﻬﺭ ﺑﺗﺻﻣﻳﻣﻪ ﻟﻘﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﺣﺗﻭﺕ 3200ﺃﺳﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ
ﺟﺯءﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺑﻲ )ﻋﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍء( .ﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺳﻥ ﻓﺗﺣﻲ ﻓﻲ 30ﻧﻭﻓﻣﺑﺭ .3 1989
-3ﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ
ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺷﺄ )ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻧﺟﺎﺯﻩ( ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ )ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ( ﺃﻭ
ﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺎ )ﻣﺩﻳﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺟﻬﻳﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﻣﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ ...ﺍﻟﺦ( ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻧﻭﻳﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻳﻧﻳﺎ.
ﻭﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ:
ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺿﺭﻳﺔ. -
ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ. -
ﺇﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻹﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ. -
ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ. -
ﺇﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻣﻳﺭ. -
ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ. -
ﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺩﻳﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻗﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺳﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺟﺯﺍﺋﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﻡ
ﺇﻧﺷﺎﺅﻩ ﺑﻣﻭﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫﻱ 93/76ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﻓﻲ 1976/10/23ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺇﻧﺷﺎء ﻣﻛﺗﺏ
ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:4
-ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﻭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﻣﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺟﺎﺭﻱ.
-ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﺙ.
-ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ.
-ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻫﻳﻝ )ﺍﻟﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻳﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻲ...ﺍﻟﺦ(.
-ﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﻠﻛﺎﺕ )ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ(.
3
James, Steele., (1997), « An Architecture for People: Complete Works of Hassan Fathy ». First Edition,
Thames & Hudson Ltd.
4
www.wilayademascara.org/29/index.php/ar/secteurs/opgi/
3
-4ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﺎﺯ
ﻫﻲ ﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺇﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺗﺗﻛﻔﻝ ﺑﺈﻧﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻳﻊ ،ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺑﻪ
ﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ،ﻟﻬﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ.
ﻭﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﺎﺯ:
ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺟﺎﺯ. -
ﺗﺛﺑﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﻅﻡ. -
ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺯﻣﻧﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻲ ﻹﻧﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ. -
ﺇﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺟﻳﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻛﻳﻔﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﺎﺯ. -
ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺳﻳﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺗﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ. -
ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء. -
ﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ
ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻳﻛﻠﺔ ﺳﻭﻧﺎﻁﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺃﻧﺷﺋﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﻣﻥ ﺷﻬﺭ ﺃﻭﺕ ﺳﻧﺔ 1981ﺑﻣﻭﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺳﻭﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ - 81
.173ﺃﺻﺑﺣﺕ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺳﻬﻡ ﻣﻧﺫ ﺟﻭﻳﻠﻳﺔ .1998ﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :5
-ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺷﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺗﺭﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ.
-ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﻭﺃﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ.
-ﺇﻧﺟﺎﺯ ﻣﻬﺎﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺋﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ.
-ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻳﺎﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺣﺎﺳﻳﺔ.
-ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺳﻛﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺩﻳﺔ.
ﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ
ﻳﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺑﻧﺟﺎﺡ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻧﺟﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻫﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ
ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺩﺧﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﻥ ،ﻓﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻫﻡ ﻭﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺗﻡ
ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺧﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﺿﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﻣﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻁﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺎ ،ﻓﻳﺳﻭﺩ
ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺟﺯﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺿﺎءﺍﺕ ﻋﻣﺭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻧﻳﻥ ،ﻭﻟﻌﻝ
ﺃﻫﻡ ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﺎﺡ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺑﺩﺃ ﺇﺷﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻧﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﻛﻝ
ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻠﻪ.
ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ
ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ
James, Steele., (1997), « An Architecture for People: Complete Works of Hassan Fathy ». First
Edition, Thames & Hudson Ltd..
ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ
www.aiafla.org/Consumer-Information_Role-of-an-Architect.cfm
www.gcb.dz/ar
www.oxforddictionaries.com
www.wilayademascara.org/29/index.php/ar/secteurs/opgi/
5
www.gcb.dz/ar
4
