TP91

REFERENCE
MANUAL
 Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 3
USING THE TP 91 ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Rate step key ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Rate /I 0 key ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Rate XIO key ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Hold key ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Heat/Cool key ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Start I Finish key .......................................................................................................................................... 4
LIMIT CONTROL ......................................................................................................................................... 5
STAGE CONNECTOR ............................................................................................................................... 5
TP91 RESET .................................................................................................................................................... 5
REMOTE CONTROL .................................................................................................................................. 5
Connecting the remote control ............................................................................................................. 5
Using the remote control ........................................................................................................................ 5
Programming the remote control rates .............................................................................................. 6
COMPUTER SERIAL PORT ....................................................................................................................... 6
Computer connection ............................................................................................................................... 6
RS232 Commands ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Sample program ...........................................,............................................................................................... 7
PT 91 PRINTER ............................................................................................................................................. 8
TP91 printer on/off control .................................................................................................................... 8
Interface ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Power on procedure ................................................................................................................................. 8
Paper Loading ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Ribbon change .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Paper feed ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Self test .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
SAMPLE CALIBRATION FOR THM600/HFS91 STAGES ................................................................ 9
Removing the existing calibration values ............................................................................................. 9
New calibration values .............................................................................................................................. 9
INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION .............................................................................................................. 11
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 12
Main board .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Front panel board ..................................................................................................................................... 12

TP 9/ Manual Page2
INTRODUCTION
The TP91 has been specifically designed for precise temperature control of the Linkam heating/freezing stages. The stage sensor is digitally
Iinearised to give an accurate temperature readout and the controls and their functions have been carefully chosen for simple and easy
operation. Limit values are changed by simply turning a knob on the front panel until the new value is displayed. Heating or cooling rates
can be changed almost instantly using the three rate keys.
An optional remote control gives single key control of three programmable heating/cooling rates and the HEAT, COOL and HOLD
functions. The three programmable rates are held in memory when power is switched off. The temperature and limit values can also be stored
and recalled using the remote control.
An analog temperature output is provided and is scaled at 1 m w· C with an offset of 200 m V when used with the THM600/HFS 91 stages
as these are capable of cooling to -2oo·c.
The contents of the front panel display can be superimposed onto a video camera signal using a Linkam VT0232 Video Interface from the
output provided.
Finally a computer serial port is included which gives access to all the functions oftheTP91.This could be used for data storage or for control
of other equipment whose functions depend on values read from the TP91.

USING THE TP 9 I
Rate step key
If the rate is in the range 0.1 to 0.9 the rate step key will increment the value by 0.1. When 0.9 is reached and the key is pressed, the rate
will change to 0.1. Similarly if the rate is in the range 1 to 9 then it will increase by 1 and if the range is 10 to 90 then it will increase by
10.

( 0.9 25.1 26 )

( 0.1 25.1 26 )

Rate 110 key

The RATE I 10 key will divide the current rate displayed by 10. Once the rate is in the range 0.1 to 0.9 then it will no longer function as
this is the minimum rate range available.

( 30 25.1 26 )

(RATE) 25.1
( 3 26 )
l..!.!U

RateXIO key
The RATE X1 0 key will multiply the current rate displayed by 10. Once the rate is in the range I 0 to 90 then it will no longer function as
this is the maximum rate range available.

( 4 25.1 26 )

(RATE) 25.1
( 40 26 )
~

Hold key
Pressing the HOLD key keeps the temperature at the current value and only functions when the TP91 is heating or cooling. If selected the
word HOLD and the rate value will alternately flash. Whilst in the hold mode the rate and the limit may be changed. Pressing the HEAT/
COOL key will cancel the hold mode and set the TP91 to heat or cool in the direction set before the HOLD key was pressed. If a new limit
value is set during hold and the HEAT/COOL key is pressed then the new limit value will determine the direction of heating or cooling.

(HOLD 25.1

TP 9/ Manual Page]
 Heat/Cool key
When the START key is pressed the TP91 will determine the direction of heating or cooling according to the limit value set. The internal
ramp that the temperature is following will either heat or cool at the rate set until the limit is reached. Whenever the ramp is cooling the
COOL led will be on.
Pressing the HEAT/COOL key sends the ramp in the opposite direction and cancels the hold mode. If the TP91 is cooling to a limit and
the key is pressed, the word HEAT will appear where the limit value was and the TP91 will start to heat. Ifleft for long enough the temperature
will reach it's maximum value of 600' C and the TP91 will reset. If the TP91 is heating to a limit and the key is pressed, the word COOL
will appear where the limit value was and the TP91 will start to cool. Ifleft for long enough the temperature will reach it's minimum value
of -200'C and the ramp will hold, waiting for either the limit to be changed or theHEAT/COOL key to be pressed again.
The ramp direction set by the HEAT/COOL key will be overridden if the limit is changed.
If the stage is unable to cool at the rate set then a flashing asterisk will appear in the display. This could occur if the rate set was greater
than the natural cooling rate of the stage or if coolant was being used, that the flow rate was not enough.

Tefri>
/
/
Cooling rate
/
Heating Heat key
rate pressed
Cool key
pressed

Time ime

STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY

Limit isl ower than the temperature
so the TP91 is cooling. ( 30 121.0 75 )
Press HEAT/COOL key to override
the programmed cool.
~ L ( 30 118.5 HEAT )
Press the HEAT/COOL key again to
start cooling back to the set limit of
75'C. ~ L ( 30 135. 1 75 )

Start I Finish key

When the START I FINISH key is pressed the TP91 will start heating to the limit value set.
THERE WILL BE A DELAY OF APPROXIMATELY 8 SECONDS BETWEEN PRESSING THE KEY AND THE LOAD LIGHT
FLASHING WHICH INDICATES THAT THE STAGE IS HEATING.DURING THIS TIME NO KEYS WILL FUNCTION.
As an indication that the TP91 has started to heat an asterisk(*) will appear in the display. This will disappear once the load light has flashed.
This key does not function when the computer serial link is in operation. See section 4.0.
The following example shows how to set a rate of 4 'I min to a limit of 105'C.

STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY

Switch TP91 on.
( 30 i5.1 26 )
Set the rate to 4 ·/min.

~ 0 ( 3 25.1 26 )

~ p ( 4 25.1 26 )
Turn the LIMIT knob until the re-
quiredlirnitisdisplayed. e.g. 105'C.

Press START to begin heating.

8 ( 4 25. 1 105 )

(sTART) ( 4 * 25. 1 105 )

TP 91 Manual Page 4
LIMIT CONTROL
Turning the limit control increases or decreases the displayed limit value and will also cancel the HEAT or COOL modes.
When cooling to a limit the COOL led will be on and if the programmed cooling rate is greater than the cooling rate ofthe stage by more
than about 2 • C a flashing asterisk (*)will appear inthe display. When a limit is reached, either through heating or cooling the COOL led
will be switched off.

STAGE CONNECTOR
This 15 way 'D' type connector is used to connect the TP91 to either the HFS91 or the TIIM600 stage. TheHFS9lffHM600 stage use a
platinum resistor to sense the temperature which is precisely measured using a 4 wire ohm method. This method of measurement helps
to prevent the resistance of the cable adding to the sensor's resistance and therefore affecting the measured temperature .
An analog temperature signal ofl mV I · C is provided which has an offset of200 m V when used with the HFS9lffHM600 stages. This
is to overcome the negative temperatures and therefore avoids having an offset on the chart recorder.

PIN NUMBER CONNECTION

9 current source output
STAGE I PUJ 500 CONNECIIONS 2 current source output Ov
1 measurement input
10 measurement input Ov
8 HFS91/THM600 stage power
15 HFS9lffHM600 stage power
5 Analog temperature output
12 Analog temperature output 0 volts

TP91 RESET
If the stage is disconnected or if a fault occurs the following message will be displayed.
Once the stage is re-connected or the fault is rectified the TP91 may be reset by pressing any of the front panel keys.

(SENSOR OR LEAD 0 /C )

REMOTE CONTROL
Connecting the remote control
The remote control has a cable with two 'D' type plugs attached to it. One ofthese plugs has two cables coming out and it is this one which
is plugged into the rear connector marked VIDEO/REMOTE of the TP91

Using the remote control

The remote control's HEAT, COOL and HOLD keys work in the same way as the HEAT I COOL and HOLD keys on the front panel of
the TP91 The only difference being that the single switch function of HEAT I COOL is separated into two switches on the remote control.
The three keys marked Rl,R2 and R3 instantly change the pre-programmed heating /cooling rates and are set up as shown in section 3.3.
It is also possible to store and recall a temperature and limit value using the STORE and RCL keys on the remote control.

Press STORE key.

8 30 25.1 26 )
Press RCL key.

e ( RCL 25.1

When the stored value is recalled the word RCL will appear where the rate was displayed. While the recalled value is displayed the
26 )

temperature of the stage will be held constant. i.e.hold. When the STORE key is pressed the old value will be lost.

TP 91 Manual PageS
 Programming the remote control rates
The three keys marked R1 , R2 and R3 can be programmed to represent any valid rate value. These rate values will remain in memory when
power is removed and are set as follows:-
1) Switch off the TP91 and wait for 5 seconds.
2) Switch on and immediately press the RATE STEP key.
3) Proceeed as shown below.

STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY

Switch 1.1:'91 on . .Press the KAlh
STEP key as soon as this message
appears. ~ p ( LINKAMTP91 )
The rates already set are displayed
and an asterisk appears for the rate ( • =10 2 =20 3 =30 )
value that is to be changed.
If the rate is to be changed use the
appropriate keys as shown in sec-
tions 2.1 to 2.3. ~ 0
( • = I 2 =20 3 =30 )
When the rate has been set press
HOLD. Theasteriskwillmovetothe
( HOLD)
( I = I • =20 3 =30 )
next rate value to be changed.
When all the values have been set
press the START key.
(sTART)
( I = I 2 =20 3 =30 )

COMPUTER SERIAL PORT

Ifthe optional PT91 printer has been used on this port, the TP91 must be reset so that the printer is no longer used. See section TP91 printer
on/off control.

Typical pin connections for Personal Computer

TP 91 to 9 way 'D' type TP 91 to 25 way 'D' type
TP 91 f( TP 91 PC
TX pin 2 ------ ---- RX pin 2 TX pin 2 ------ ---- RX pin 3
RX pin 3 ----------- TX pin 3 RX pin 3 ---------- TX pin 2
RTS pin 4 ----------- CTS pin 8 RTS pin 4 ----------- CTS pin 5
CTS pin 5 ---------- RTS pin 7 CTS pin 5 ---------- RTS pin4
GND pin 7 ------~--- GND pin 5 GND pin 7 ---------- GND pin 7
[ ------ DSR pin 6 [------- DSR pin 6
------ DTR pin 4 ------- DTR pin 20

The TP 91 's serial computer port follows a DTE pinout and uses a RTS/CTS handshake.The signal levels for TX and RTS are standard
RS232,but for RX and CTS both RS232 levels or logic levels will be accepted.
If your computer does not drive CTS then connect pin 5 to the computers DTR line and DSR line.

RS232 commands
The baud rate used is 9600 with 8 data bits,1 stop bit and no parity.
All commands or data received must end with a carriage return.A carriage return is also included at the end of all transmissions from the
TP91 to the computer. All commands use UPPER CASE letters.
Some commands received by the TP91 ask for a value to be sent back.These commands are as follows:-

COMMAND RECEIVED TP91 ACTION

R sends character string in the rate display field.
L sends character string in the limit display field.
T sends the current temperature
... value .

NOTE: Data received for the R command when in HOLD will be HO. Data received for the L command when in heat or cool mode will
be HEAT or COOL. Data received is checked and if an incorrect value is detected then a message is displayed. e.g.if a limit of 610 was
received then the following message will appear:-

( LIMIT ERROR )

TP 91 Manual Page6
The number of characters is also checked and if too many are received then this message appears:-

( TOO MANY CHARS )

If a command is received that is not understood then this message appears:-

( COMMAND ERROR )

The other commands which do not require a value to be transmitted back to the computer are:-

COMMAND RECEIVED TP91 ACTION

s starts the profile.
Rvalue stores the rate value received.
Lvalue stores the limit value received. :
E exits the profile.
H do heat function.
c do cool function.
0 do hold function.
< '« ' ~ '"'
,,
"
' .,. .....
. ~
"~
,, ., .,. .. ,,

Sample programme
Commands from the computer which require the TP91 to transmit data, will be handled within about 0.5mS. Due to the interaction of the
computer's language and hardware, sending a command such as 'T' and then immediately reading the input buffer can cause problems,
especially ifthe computer does not respect the RTS/CTS handshake lines. Ifthe computer language used allows the input buffer to be checked
to see if it is empty then this can be used as a wait or interrupt request so that hardware buffers can be read into the string variable. Ifthis
cannot be done then a small delay will have to be inserted between sending out the command and receiving the data back. This delay will
be in the order of about 20mS. For example in Microsoft's ® GW Basic a delay using a For-Next loop of 120 will work on either a 12MHz
286 or a 25MHz 386 computer.
When used with MICROSOFT WINDOWS 3.0 ©and a 386 the enhanced mode should be used and the multitasking minimum time slice
should be set to at least 10 msec. For 286 systems a PIF file should be used. This is necessary so that the TP 91 can finish it's data send.
The following programme is an example in Microsoft's © GW-BASIC showing :-
1) How to set up a rate of 20 '/m in to a limit of100.
2) Starting the TP91.
3) Reading the temperature.
4) Reading the limit value.
5) Setting a new rate value of 10 '/ min .
6) Coolfunction.
7) Finish programming.
The following assumes that the computer is using the COM2 PORT which is set as follows: - 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no
parity. This sample program serves only as a guide to the character strings necessary for input or output to take place and does .

CLOSE ;close all files

OPEN "COM2:9600,N,8" AS #1 ;opens a logical file 1 for the com2 port
R$(l)="R20":L$(1)="LJOO" ;20'/min to 100.
PRINT#J,R$(1) ;send the ramp value.
PRINT#l,L$(1) ;send the limit value.
PRINT#l, "S" ;send start command
REM WAJT ABOUT 8 SECONDS WHILE THE TP 91 STARTS AS THE RTS LINE WILL BE LOW
PRINT#l, "T" ;send transmit temp command
JNPUT#l,TEMP$ ;receive temperature stringfrom TP91 into TEMP$
PRINT #1, "L" ;send transmit current limit command
JNPUT#l,LIMIT$ ;receive limit string from TP91 into LIMIT$
PRINT#l, "RJO" ;send a new rate of 10'/min.
PRINT#l, "C" ;send cool function command
PRINT#l, "E" ;send finish command
CLOSE#J

TP 91 Manual Page 7
 PT 91 PRINTER
The PT91 printer is a 24 column plain paper impact printer with built in rechargeable batteries. The power adaptor provided can be used
to re-charge the batteries or to power the printer. It has a serial interface and connects to the computer serial port on the rear of the TP91.
For safety reasons the printers are dispatched without the batteries charged and will require a full charge cycle before the batteries can be
used. This will take about 14 hours, after which text can be printed using the batteries for about one hour. The power adaptor can be used
if the batteries are not required.
The TP91 sends the current display contents to the printer when the remote control STORE key is pressed. The TP91 must be told that a
printer is attached to it and is set up as follows. Once initialised the TP91 will remember that the printer is present. If for some reason the
printer is not required, but the STORE function from the remote control is to be used, the TP91 should be reset to no printer.

TP91 printer on/off control

STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY BEFORE ENTER

Press the RATE/10 key as soon as
this message appears.
~ 0 ( LINKAM TP91 )
The following message will appear
for a few seconds. ( PRINTER SET UP )
Press either RATE/STEP to turn the
printer off or press HOLD to turn it (sTEP=OFF/HOLD=ON)
on. The TP91 will then reset.

Interface
The cable supplied has two 25 way 'D' type plugs to connect the printer to the TP91 Transmit pin 2 PT91 Receive pin 3
TP91. The connections in each plug are different, so one of the plugs which Ready to send pin4 Clear to send pin 5
is marked TP91 should be connected to the TP91. Clear to send pin 5 DTR pin 20 ;
Ground pin 7 Ground pin 7
-*' ''"'-1-'-"-·-· , '-~'>'-'><: A·;.,..,.W~-- ,_,;,., '
"'' ' ~
\>'T,•>·' .. '
Power on procedure
J1l Check that the batteries are sufficiently charged or that the power adaptor is connected correctly. Open the lid and check that the
~ paper and ribbon are present and that the paper well and mechanism are clear of debris. Close the lid, ensuring the paper is guided
through the paper exit slot. Switch on the printer by pressing 1 on the switch paneL The power on indicator will light and the
mechanism will reset.

Paper Loading
If the paper roll needs replacing open the lid and remove the old paper using the feed switch
to feed out any excess paper left in the mechanism. Do not pull the paper out of the back
of the mechanism. Reel off a few centimetres from a new paper roll and check that the paper
is square. Sit the new roll in the paper well with the paper end coming from the bottom of
the rolL Make sure the power is on and place the paper into the back of the mechanism while
pressing the feed switch. Keep the switch depressed unil enough paper is fed through the
mechanism to be inserted through the paper slot exit in the lid. Feed the paper through the
exit slot and close the lid.

Ribbon change
Turn the power off and open the lid. The cassette will clip off one side and can easily be
removed. Check the new ribbon is taut. Clip it into position making sure that the paper still
feeds between the ribbon and cassette body correctly. Wind the knob as shown to take up any
slack in the ribbon. Close the lid.

Paper feed
TURN AS
~ For a single line paper feed press and release the feed switch. For continuous line feed ARROW TO
PUSH TO EJECT
CASSETTE
~keep the switch down. The power indicator turns off when the feed switch is down. WIND RIBBON

Self test
~To start a self test press both the power on and the feed switch until the test starts. This will check the mechanism and a
~ large proportion ofthe hardware and software without connection to another source. The software issue used by the printer
is printed in double height, double width text, followed by the character set in normal text. Switch off and on again for
normal operation.

TP 9/ Manual Page 8
SAMPLf CAUBRATION FOR THM600/HFS91 STAGES
The output from the platinum resistor in the THMS/HFS91 stage is accurately converted to temperature in the TP 91 to better than 0.1· C.
The platinum resistor is mounted as near to the top surface of the silver block as possible, which due to it's high thermal conductivity gives
very little temperature difference between the top surface and the platinum resistor. However, when the sample is thick or if the sample
is placed on a cover slip or crucible, it is possible that some temperature gradient can appear, causing the known temperature characteristics
of a material to change. For further information see the section SAMPLE CALIBRATION in the stage manual.
Using the sample calibration features ofthe TP 91, these known values and the experimental values can be used by the TP 91 to draw a new
temperature curve. A positive and a negative temperature as well as a value for zero can be entered, although it is not necessary to enter
all three sets ofdata. For instance the zero value can be left at zero andjust a positive ornegative
value determined and entered.
The following procedure outlines the entry ofthree sets ofdata points. These values are entered T block
as six temperatures in the following order: actual negative value, measured negative value, Possible temperature
difference between
actual zero value, measured zero value, actual positive value and fmally the measured positive
value. If only one pair of values is to be changed the other values can be left the same by
pressing the HOLD key. When the temperature value is asked for, the old value will be
displayed and will then change when the LIMIT control is turned. If the RATFll 0 key is
pressed the change in the value as the control is turned will be 0.1.CbutiftheRATEX10key
Tsample
has been pressed the change will be 1· C. When the instrument is delivered or if an instrument
calibration is carried out the values are set to -100,-1 00,0,0,300,300. This effectively means Ideal line shows no
temperature
that there are no calibration factors set, as the actual and measured values are the same. difference between
Before a set ofcalibration temperatures can be determined on the stage, the existing calibration sample and heater.
factors must be removed. This ensures that the TP91 reads the sensor's resistance directly and
converts it without using the calibration factors. This is done as shown below and will set the
existing measured and actual values for the end points to be the same. The zero point will be
set to zero.

Removing the existing calibration values

STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY BEFORE ENTER

Press the HEAT/COOL key as soon
as this message appears.
~ L ( LINKAM TP91 )
The following message will appear
for a few seconds. ( SAMPLE CALIBRATE )

Press the RATE/STEP key to reset

the calibration values.
~ p ( STEP=RESET CALIB )

New calibration values

The TP91 and stage may now be used in the normal way to determine the melting points which are then entered as shown below. In this
example we will assume that the factory set values of -100,-100,0,0,300,300 are still set and will be displayed before each new entry.

STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY BEFORE ENTER

Press the HEAT/COOL key as soon
as this message appears.
~ L ( LINKAM TP91 )
The following message will appear
for a few seconds. ( SAMPLE CALIBRATE )

Press the HEAT/COOL key to start

entering the new calibration values.
~ L ( STEP=RESET CALIB )

Turn the LIMIT control until the

actual negative value is displayed.
Press HOLD. e ( HOLD)
( VALUE I ? -4~ )

TP 91 Manual Page 9
 STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY BEFORE ENTER
Turn the LIMIT control until the
measurednegative value is displayed.
Press HOLD. e [HOLD) ( VALUE 2 ? -4.6_ )

Turn the LIMIT control until the

actual zero value is displayed. Press
HOLD. e [HOLD) ( VALUE 3 ? Q )
Turn the LIMIT control until the
measured zero value is displayed.
Press HOLD. e [HOLD) ( VALUE 4 ? O.I )

Turn the LIMIT control until the

actual positive value is displayed.
Press HOLD. e [HOLD) ( VALUE 5 ? 331 )

Turn the LIMIT control until the

measured positive value is displayed.
Press HOLD. e [HOLD) ( VALUE

On completion the TP91 will reset and will now show the temperature modified by the calibration factor.
6 ? 33.2 )

TP 91 Manual Page 10
INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
The only instrument required to calibrate the TP91 is a four and a half digit multimeter e.g one that can read to1.9999 volts.
A calibrated source of resistance is fitted to each unit with it's value printed in the top right hand corner of a TESTED label which can be
found near the back of the instrument.
In the calibration procedure JPI , JP2 and JP3 refer to a small switch which is mounted on the printed circuit board in the positions shown
below.
The multirneter should be set on a high impedance 2 volts d. c. range with its -ve input connected to TPI .
Switch off the TP 91 and open the case as shown. The case sleeve should be placed on it's side by the chassis.

o TPI
k I JP3 c 30000
0 TPS

~0TP6
VR2
EJ
TRANSFORMER
UP

~
VRI

PRESS KEYS DISPLAY BEFORE HOLD

Switch on and press the HOLD key
when the LINKAM TP91 message ( HOLD) ( LINKAM TP91 )
appears.
The following message will appear
for a few seconds. ( TP 91 CALIBRATION )
If the instrument calibration is not
required press the STEP key. To ( HOLD) ( STEP=EX/ HOLD=CAL )
continu<. press HOLD.
Unplug the stage lead at the TP91
end. Press hold. ( UNPLUG LEAD>HOLD )
( HOLD)

Push down JP2 and JP3 .

Press HOLD.
[ HOLD)
( JP2&l DOWN>HOLD )
Connect the multimeter to TP5.
Press HOLD.
( HOLD)
( DC V ON TPS >HOLD )

Adjust VRl until the TP91 display

value is the same as the multimeter. (vRI=- >HOLD )
( HOLD)
Press HOLD.
Push JPl down. Press HOLD.
( HOLD)
( JPI DOWN >HOLD )
Pull JPl up. Press HOLD.
( JP I UP >HOLD)
( HOLD)

Enter the resistor value from the

TESTED label by turning the limit
knob and pressing HOLD. 8 (HoLD)
( CALR=- >HOLD)

TP 9/ Manual Page /I
 STEP PRESS KEYS DISPLAY BEFORE HOLD
Connect the multimeter to TP6.
Press HOLD.
(HOLD) ( DC V ON TP6 >HOLD )
Adjust VR2 until the multimeter
reads 0 volts. Press HOLD. (HOLD) ( VR2 TP6=0 >HOLD )
This message will appear for about
10 seconds. (HOLD) ( CALB ANALOG 0/PS )
Pull JP2 and JP3 up.Press HOLD.
[HOLD) ( JP2&J UP >HOLD )
Re-connect the stage lead to the
TP91. Press HOLD. ( STG LEAD IN >HOLD )
[HOLD)

NOTE:
INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION WILL SET THE SAMPLE CALIBRATION VALUES TO THE DEFAULT TEM-
PERATURES OF -100, 0 AND 300°C. THE REMOTE CONTROL RATES WILL BE SET TO 5,10 AND 20°CIMIN
AND THE TP91 WILL BE SET TO NO PRINTER FITTED

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Main board
The heart of the system is a 16 bit 80C196KB12 microcontrollerwith 2K of non_volatile ram addressed at 8000H to 87FFH and 32K of
eprom mapped at OOOOH to 7FFFH.The low order address and data lines are multiplexed so an 74ACT573latch is used to latch out the AO
to A7lines using the ALE line from the 80Cl96. D8,R45 and C27 form the reset signal which is connected through a schmitt trigger nand
gate to the 80Cl96KB 12reset input. This is also connected thoughR43, TR4 andR38 to level shift the reset signal to -15 volts which is required
for the front panel control ic's. Address decoding takes place in a dual 2 to 4 line 74LS139 decoder providing ram enable,keyboard
enable,remote enable and video enable signals. A 74C922keyboard encoder scans and decodes the front panel switchmatrix.A data available
signal drives and interrupt input on the 80Cl96KB 12. The MAX232 is a two input two output RS232 line driver/receiver with built in de-
de convertor for the+/- 12 volt logic levels. The signals supported are RX. TX,RTS and CTS.
The 7135 aid converter has a resolution of 1 in 20000 and is a dual slope integrating type and is clocked at 500kHz from the divided down
6MHz from the 80Cl96KB 12. The aid's reference voltage on TP2 ofl volt is divided down from a 2.5 volt reference IC Ul. Ul also provides
the reference voltage for the two mark-spaced/a convertors formed around U2,U3B and U6.The reference voltage is switched by a highly
accurate mark-space "signal from the 80Cl96 through U2 to an active low pass filter which produces a de signal.U6 provides the analog
temperature signal and has an offset pot VR2 to set the zero .The ramp output from U3B is calibrated in software by using the a/d.
All the signals to the aid pass through U5 so that the ramp,temperature and platinum resistor signals can be measured. U3D,TRl,TR2 form
a constant current source whose reference current is set by RDl and R2. The output can be connected to both the reference resistor mounted
on the board or to the platinum resistor of the stage.JP2 selects whether the
calibration resistor or the stage resistor is used. The voltage produced across either of the two resistors is gained and buffered in U3C.The
current is approximately 1 mAand the gain ofthe buffer is about 6 so for a resistance of300 ohms the output on TP5 will be about 1.8 volts. The
difference between the temperature and the ramp signal is amplified in US with further amplification
in U7 A to form a control voltage for the oscillator formed around U7B .This output controls the switching ofTR9 which either allows the
zero crossing signal through to TR8 or switches TR8 off. The output from TR8 is then used to trigger the output triac driver and to drive the
load led. There are two optically isolated triac drivers,one for each of the two load voltages that can be switched onto the load. These are
selected byTR7 and TR5.
The power supply produces a+/- 15 volt analog supply,+/- 5 volt analog supply and a logic 5 volt supply.A minus -25 volt supply is also
used for the vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) drivers and a centre tapped 4.8 volts is used for the heater in the VFD.

Front panel board

The keys are arranged in a matrix which is decoded on the main board by a 74C922 decoder.
The VFD hasa single line of16 characters made up of 14 segments each. Both the anodes and grids are driven by a Rockwell 10937 display
controller with pull down resistors on the grids.

TP 91 Manual Page 12