Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
a) Allocating resources
10. What is the key benefit of a well-defined Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
15. Which document outlines the project's goals, objectives, deliverables, and constraints?
a) Project schedule
b) Project charter
d) Budget plan
17. What is the key purpose of a quality management plan in project planning?
19. Which phase of project planning involves breaking down the project into smaller,
manageable tasks?
a) Project initiation
b) Project execution
c) Project closure
d) Project planning
22. Which phase of project planning involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential
risks?
a) Project initiation
b) Project execution
c) Project closure
d) Project planning
24. What is the key benefit of a well-defined Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
allocation
25. What is the main purpose of a risk management plan in project planning?
28. What is the key purpose of a quality management plan in project planning?
30. Which phase of project planning involves breaking down the project into smaller,
manageable tasks?
a) Project initiation
b) Project execution
c) Project closure
d) Project planning
The scope is the foundation of: Your cost estimate and the project schedule
Which of the following are NOT part of a project plan? Scope creep and change requests
The project scope establishes which boundaries for the client? Tasks that are and are not
included
What size of design firm should use project management techniques? All sizes: large firms need
specialized software, but even a staff of one can benefit
What organization manages project management standards and certifications? The Project
Management Institute
During the design phase and the building and testing phase, how can milestone client reviews
help your design project? You get client feedback on your designs and clear up any
misunderstandings.
What is an example of a method mismatched to the project? For a new large project, you use
the same simple project-monitoring system you used for a small project.
During which phase are the systems set up for monitoring the three main elements of the
project plan (scope, schedule, and costs)? Design phase
When the project plan is broken down into tasks, what human resource allocations should be
identified? Staff working on project tasks, their roles and responsibilities, and task due dates
What role does analysis play in the planning and analysis phase? Figuring out the best way to get
the project done
During which phase of a project is the project plan most closely monitored? Building and testing
phase
How can you tell if a project is veering off course?Monitor closely, during the building and testing
phase, the project scope, schedule, and costs.
Why can most design work be considered projects? It's temporary and unique
When developing a project schedule, what should you start with? The end product and due date
Name three examples of deliverables in a design project . Sketches, layouts, and comps
What are three methods for good client and peer communication? Listen, ask clarifying
questions, and paraphrase.
What are two common problems in project management? Scope creep and mismatch of
methods to the project or the client
During which project management phase is client communication key? All phases
What is the purpose of identifying milestones? To help you keep track of each key stage of the
project
Why would using a PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) diagram help you effectively
manage projects? Because it helps you order tasks and see which can be done simultaneously
What is contingency? The allocated amount of time/money identified as a buffer for minimising
risks
How often should a status meeting ideally be held to catch up on people's progress? Once a
week
Who are the stakeholders in a project? Those who will be affected by the project's outcome and
are involved at specific stages
a) Maximizing profits
b) Minimizing risks
2. Which project management phase involves defining project objectives and deliverables?
a) Initiation
b) Planning
c) Execution
d) Closing
Answer: a) Initiation
a) Waterfall
b) Agile
c) PRINCE2
d) Six Sigma
Answer: b) Agile
5. Which project document outlines the project’s scope, objectives, and stakeholders’ roles?
a) Project charter
b) Risk register
a) Resource allocation
b) Risk analysis
c) Quality control
7. The process of identifying, analyzing, and responding to project risks is known as:
a) Risk assessment
b) Risk mitigation
c) Risk management
d) Risk avoidance
10. Which project management tool is used to depict the sequence and dependencies of project
activities?
a) Ishikawa diagram
b) PERT chart
c) Control chart
d) Pareto chart
Answer: b) PERT chart
b) The addition of extra features and requirements beyond the original scope
Answer: b) The addition of extra features and requirements beyond the original scope
13. Which project management phase involves breaking down project deliverables into smaller,
manageable components?
a) Initiation
b) Planning
c) Execution
d) Closing
Answer: b) Planning
16. Which project management technique uses statistical analysis to identify the most important
factors in a project?
a) SWOT analysis
d) Pareto analysis
17. The process of documenting project procurement decisions, defining the approach, and
identifying potential vendors is known as:
a) Procurement analysis
b) Source selection
c) Bid evaluation
d) Make-or-buy analysis
19. A project manager is dealing with conflicting requirements from two stakeholders. What is
the BEST approach to handle this situation?
21. Which project management document outlines how the project team will manage identified
risks?
a) Risk register
c) Project charter
22. Which project management process involves identifying stakeholders, their interests, and
potential impact on the project?
a) Scope verification
b) Stakeholder analysis
c) Quality control
d) Risk identification
23. The technique used to determine the cost and schedule variances in a project is known as:
d) Gantt Chart
24. Which organizational structure allows the project manager to have the most authority and
control over project resources?
a) Functional organization
b) Matrix organization
c) Projectized organization
d) Hybrid organization
Answer: c) To review and approve or reject proposed changes to the project scope
26. Which technique is used to determine the sequence and dependencies of activities in a
project?
a) SWOT analysis
c) Pareto chart
d) Fishbone diagram
b) The time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project’s overall duration
c) The amount of time a project team can take off during the project
Answer: b) The time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project’s overall duration
28. Which project management approach is best suited for projects with changing requirements
and frequent collaboration with stakeholders?
a) Waterfall
b) Six Sigma
c) Agile
d) PRINCE2
Answer: c) Agile
29. The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a vendor, and awarding a contract is
known as:
a) Procurement closure
b) Vendor selection
c) Source selection
d) Contract negotiation
30. What does a responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) show in project management?
Chapter 4
activity attributes
Activity list
activity-on-arrow(AOA)
the estimates that use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating
the cost of the current project
analogous estimates
baseline
cost estimates created by estimating individual activites an summing them to get a project total.
bottom-up estimates
additional time to complete a task, added to an estimate to account for various factors.
buffer
An accordance when two or more activities follow a single node on a network diagram.
burst
A time-phased budget that project managers use to measure and monitor cost performance.
a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule
compression for the least incremental cost.
crashing
a mehod of scheduling that takes limited resources into account when creating a project
schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date.
the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed; it
is the longest path through the network diagram and has the least amount of slack or float.
critical path
dependency
relationship
discretionary dependencies
the actual amount of time spent working on an activity plus elapsed time.
duration
effort
the dependencies that involve relationships between project and non-project activities.
external dependencies
a schedule compression technique where you do activites in parallel that you would normally do
in sequence.
fast tracking
additional time added before tasks on the critical path that are preceded by non[critical -path
tasks.
feeding buffers
a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and
their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.
Gantt charts
The dependencies that are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project.
mandatory dependencies
a situation when two or more nodes precede a single node on a network diagram.
merger
milestone
multitasking
if somehting can go wrong, it will.
murphy's law
A schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activites.
network diagram
node
policies and procedures related to project managment past project files, and lessons-learned
reports form previous, similar projects.
parametric modeling
Parkinson's law
The additional time added before a project's due date to account for unexpected factors.
project buffer
a document, which is a deliverable for the project intergration mangement knowledge are, used
to coordinate all project planning documents and to help guide a project's execution and control
a condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system, product, service, result, or
component to satisfy a contract, standard, specification or other formal document.
requirement
a plan that describes how project requriements will be analyzed, documented and managed.
a table that list requirements, various attributes of each requirement, and the status of the
requirements to ensure that all of them are addressed.
scope baseline
scope creep
The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying a succeeding activity or the
project finish date.
slack or float
team contract
a management philosophy that states that nay complex system at any point in time often has
only one aspect or constraint that is limiting its ability to achieve more of its goal.
three-point estimate
a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in project that defines the total scope of
the project.
What can project teams create to help promote teamwork and clarify team communications?
a team contract
WBS
A_____________is a task at the lowest leve of the WBS that represents the level of work that
the project manager uses to monitor and control the project.
Work package
finish to start
The ______method is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration.
critical path
What cost estimating technique uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate
project costs?
parametric modeling
a_____________is a time-phased budget that project managers use to measure and monitor
cost performance
Is the longest path through the network. Is the shortest time in which the project can be
completed
What is a Gantt chart? A timeline that is used as a project management tool to illustrate how the
project will run
What do we mean by Co-ordinating project tasks? Managing a project to make sure tasks are
done on time and in the correct order.
What is meant by concurrent tasks? 2 or more tasks can be carried out at the same time
What is a disadvantage of a Gantt chart? Task time is estimated so the plan may be unrealistic
A project is _______________.temporary
A pictorial representation of all activities and the dependencies are called Network diagram
Decision trees are used to evaluate the expected monetary value of multiple project options
Amount of time that a successor activity can be advanced with respect to its predecessor is
called Lead
The critical path method analysis uses which of the following techniques to create a schedule
network digram? Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)
Critical Path Method controls both time and cost aspect of a project True
Logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has
finished is called Finish-to-Start (FS)
Logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has
started is called Start-to-Finish (SF)
Critical Path Method uses deterministic (single point) activity time estimates True
An activity that comes before a dependent activity in a project schedule is called? Predecessor
Activity
The longest path in a project schedule network diagram is called Critical Path
Logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has
finished is called Finish-to-Finish (FF)
A technique that calculates early start and early finish dates in the schedule network Forward
pass
A technique that calculates late start and late finish dates in the schedule network is called
Backward pass
Amount of time that a successor activity can be delayed with respect to its predecessor is called
Lag
Improper use of which of the following may result in arbitrary total float.Discretionary
Dependencies
Which of the following technique is most commonly used by project management software to
construct the schedule network diagram? Activity-On-Node
An activity that comes after a dependent activity in a project schedule is called? Successor
Activity
What key term is given to the things that are needed to complete a project? Resources
The longest path of connecting tasks in a PERT chart as a project moves toward completion.
Critical Path
What are the stages of the Project Life Cycle? Initiation, Planning , Execution, Evaluation
What are Smart Objectives? Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time Efficient
Initiation is when... You receive instruction from your client (a brief) and you establish what it is
that they want.
Planning is where.. You create diagrams and prototypes for what you are going to build, in
addition to working out how much time the project will take.
Evaluation is... Where you reflect on how well a project has gone, and what could be done to
improve further.
What are the inputs into the planning stage? Feasibility report, Legislation implications
What does milestone mean? A milestone is a given point in time where task is expected to be
started or completed
What does the word contingency time mean? Time in a project plan with no tasks assigned this
is used if tasks are not completed on time to make sure the end project still meets the final
deadline.
What is it called when you can't complete task to until task one has been fully finished.
Dependent task
What are
components a and B called in a Pert chart? Nodes or milestones
What is the
purpose of the directional arrow from A to B? Direction of flow and dependent task that must be
completed in order
What is the name of the new acts responsible for making data safe? General data protection
regulation GDPR
What are two security measures needed to be put in place to keep data secure? Process lawfully
fairly and transparent manner in relation to individuals. Data should be accurate relevant and
limited to what is necessary relations the purposes for which they are processed
What Projects should use Project Management? Any project that has a has a budget , Any
project that does not have a budget , Anything with a goal/objectives , Anything with a expected
outcome
Which option does not define a Project Manager? A project manager has to be in a management
capacity
What does project management include? Manage the implementation process of a project,
Develop a project plan, Follow the project management guidelines.
What is a complete definition of a project? Any activity that has a start date, fixed end date,
specific goals and conditions, defined responsibilities, a plan and multiple parties involved.
The Project Officer (PO) is responsible for all except: Documenting all projects
What is the Project Management cycle? Initiate -> Plan -> Execute -> Evaluate
The PERT in project management means program evaluation and _____ technique.
(A) resource
(B) reconciliation
(C) reconsideration
(D) review
(A) increased
(B) reduced
Q. Assembling project team and assigning their responsibilities are done during which phase of a
project management?
(A) Initiation
(B) Planning
(C) Execution
(D) Closure
(A) permanent
(B) temporary
Q. A process that involves continuously improving and detailing a plan as more detail become
available is termed as
(A) plans
(A) I only
(B) II only
(A) 5
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 11