ADHESIVES

& SEALANTS
Eslira, Francisco
Baguinon, Daryl James
DSAR3A
SEALANT ADHESIVE
/ˈsēlənt/ /adˈhēsiv,adˈhēziv/

material used for a substance used for

sealing something sticking objects or
so as to make it materials together;
airtight or watertight. glue.

lower in strength & offer a more rigid and

far more malleable durable feel and look
ADHESIVES & SEALANT
GENERAL USES:
◇ PAPERBOARDS & PACKAGING
◇ BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION
◇ WOODWORKING & JOINERY
◇ TRANSPORTATION
◇ CONSUMER & DIY
◇ ASSEMBLY OPERATIONS
◇ FOOTWEAR & LEATHER
 CONSTRUCTION
SEALANTS
any material placed in a joint
opening generally for the
purpose of weather proofing a
building, so designed to
prevent the passage of
moisture, air, dust, and heat
through all joints and seams in
the structure.
Sealants Characteristics

GOOD ADHESION
GOOD COHESION
GOOD ELASTICITY
GOOD WEATHERING
CHARACTERISTICS
FUNCTION OF
SEALANTS
THREE BASIC FUNCTIONS

1. fills a gap between two or more substrates;

2. forms a barrier through the physical properties of the
sealant itself and by adhesion to the substrate;
3. it maintains sealing properties for the expected
lifetime, service conditions, and environments.
PROPERTIES

They seal top structures to the substrate, and are

particularly effective in waterproofing processes by
keeping moisture out (or in) the components.

They can provide thermal and acoustical insulation, and

may serve as fire barriers.

They may have electrical properties, as well. Sealants can

also be used for simple smoothing or filling.
CONSTRUCTION
SEALANTS
APPLICATIONS
 WATERPROOFING

Prevent the migration or rise

of moisture to extend the
duration and improve the
durability of your
construction build.

◇ basement tanking
◇ under-tile for steam rooms
◇ roofing
◇ groundworks
◇ tunnels
 FIRE PROOFING

Prevents the permeation of

smoke and flame, enabling
your installation to withstand
extreme temperatures while
maintaining structural
integrity.

◇ ventilation
◇ Piping
◇ expansion
◇ construction joints
 FOOD GRADE

Ensure your food preparation

area remains not only
structurally sound, but also
as hygienic as possible.

◇ wet or damp areas

◇ within refrigerated or
confined spaces
◇ kitchen floor and wall joints
◇ cold storage spaces
 BATHROOM

Prevent water ingress and

leaks, also demonstrate
excellent anti-mold and anti–
mildew properties to improve
the longevity and aesthetic of
sealed joints.

◇baths
◇shower trays
◇shower doors
◇bathroom surfaces
◇toilet
 ROOFING

Provides long-lasting seals

that won’t shrink or become
brittle with prolonged
exposure to weather
extremes or ultraviolet rays.

◇metal roofs
◇gutters
◇roof tile installations
 WINDOWS & DOORS

Provides great flexibility due

to varying application
temperatures, handling
times, curing rates, and
cross-linking capabilities.

◇windows
◇doors
◇handles
 EXPANSION JOINT

Control contraction and

expansion in different
substrates and prevent ingress
of moisture, dirt or
contaminants for vertical
expansion joints and
expansion and floor
contraction joints.

◇ Construction joints
◇ Floor joints
◇ Tiling joints
 JOINTS

Ingress protection and

provide weatherproof seals
for a range of substrates
including brick, painted
surfaces, glass, renders and
PVC.
CONSTRUCTION
SEALANT
TECHNOLOGIES
 THREE
CLASSIFICATIONS

ONE-COMPONENT TWO-COMPONENT SEALANT TAPE

SEALANTS SEALANTS

◇ Packaged in a ◇ Composed of two parts ◇ Similar to their PSA

cartridge -a base component and Tape "cousins“
◇ No special equipment an activator ◇ Supplied as sealant on
is required to apply component. a flexible backing
◇ Requires bulk guns and
mixing equipment to
prepare and apply the
sealant,
◇ Typically packaged in
separate buckets
SILYL MODIFIED
POLYMERS (SMP)

acid-free and capable

of bonding to the
same variety of
substrates as a
standard silicone
sealant, but possess a WATERPROOFING
much higher bond FIREPROOFING
and peel strength. BATHROOM
WINDOWS & DOORS
EXPANSION JOINT
JOINT
BITUMEN SEALANT

possess excellent
resistance to water,
dilute acids and
alkalis, alcohol, and
most salt solutions.
This makes them
ideal for WATERPROOFING
waterproofing, ROOFING
particularly when
using roofing
materials
CEMENTITIOUS
SEALANT

ideal for working with

swimming pools and
other interior
assemblies
composed of tiling or
tile-based substrates.
It is formulated to WATERPROOFING
combat positive water
pressure.
POLYURETHANE
SEALANT

demonstrate high
levels of flexibility, as
well as good resistance
to UV, adverse weather
conditions and
cracking, perfect for
sealing, roofing FIREPROOFING
and tiling ROOFING
WINDOWS & DOORS
EXPANSION JOINT
JOINT
SILICONE SEALANT

An acid-free sealant
used for sensitive
surfaces against
concrete and natural
stone substrates.
Includes both low and
mid modulus silicone FIREPROOFING
sealant products. FOOD GRADE
BATHROOM
WINDOWS & DOORS
EXPANSION JOINT
JOINT
MASTIC SEALANT

‘oil-based’ sealants, a
simple but highly
effective functionality,
possessing an
unparalleled
compatibility with
timber and windows. FIREPROOFING
Working chiefly with WINDOWS & DOORS
exterior assembly JOINT
processes, roofing
materials, concrete and
brick.
BUTYL SEALANT

Provide solutions for

both roof and gutter
sealing, can fill the
narrowest of gaps and
bond to most building
materials, making them
ideal for fixing leaks. ROOFING
EPOXY SEALANT

has variety of
formulations and
performance
capabilities, including
general purpose, fast
setting, chemical
resistance, superior WATERPROOFING
water / humidity FOOD GRADE
resistance, ease of BATHROOM
dispense, high
performance and
excellent hot strength.
ACRYLIC SEALANT

seals all types of

materials to make them
gap-free as well as
resistant to infiltration
from foreign matter.
Variations of this
sealant are used WATERPROOFING
extensively in the WINDOWS & DOORS
construction industry EXPANSION JOINT
on residential and JOINT
commercial properties.
 ADVANTAGES
VS.
DISADVANTAGES
 ADVANTAGES/
BENEFITS

1. Improves Product Durability and

1. Reliability
2. Increases Product Performance
3. Increases Design Flexibility
4. Increases Product Quality
5. Enhances Product Aesthetics
6. Improves Process Productivity and
Reduced Manufacturing Costs
7. Increases weathering characteristics
DISADVANTAGES

1. Deterioration of sealants causes due to

prolonged exposure to water, ultraviolet
light, and freeze-thaw cycles

2. Cohesive failure due to deterioration of

the internal integrity of the sealant;
cracking parallel to the interface of the
joint is an indication of this type of failure.

3. Inappropriate Choice of Sealant and

Improper Joint Design may fail the joint
and losses the adhesion
DISADVANTAGES

1. Sealant that is uncured is often

due to incomplete or improper
mixing of the sealant components,
or from using materials that have
outlived their shelf life losses the
adhesion and fails the joints

2. Bubbling and Blistering of the

Surface losses the adhesion and
fails the joints.

3. Staining & Weathering

CONSTRUCTION
ADHESIVE
a general-
purpose adhesive used for
attaching drywall, tile, molding,
and fixtures to walls, ceilings,
and floors. It is most commonly
available in tubes intended for
use with a caulking gun.
Adhesive Requirements

DURABILITY
GAP-FILLING CHARACTERISTICS
ASSEMBLY CHARACTERISTICS
MATCHING ADHESIVE TO SUBTRATES
ADHESIVE COST
CONSTRUCTION
ADHESIVES
APPLICATIONS
 5 CATEGORIES OF
ADHESIVE APPLICATIONS

PRIME STRUCTURAL SECONDARY STRUCTURAL

with contribution to strength and where failure due to service loading
stiffness for the life of the would not involve life, safety, or
structure. structural integrity, and where failures
would be readily recognized and
SEMI STRUCTURAL easily repaired.
with contribution to stiffness for
the life of the structure. NON STRUCTURAL
such as accessory and trim
TEMPORARY STRUCTURAL attachment.
with requirements for strength and
stiffness for a period shorter than
the life of the structure (such as
resisting racking stresses while
being transported).
 SUBFLOOR
PREPARATION

Ensures the highest quality floor finishes and

accelerate floor preparation, accelerate floor
preparation, helping achieve faster, smarter, more
secure installations.

1. Floor Primer
2. Floor Surface Membrane
3. Smoothing Compound
FLOOR PRIMING

◇ enables self leveling ◇ increases overall bond

compounds to perform strength.
as designed ◇ reduces drying shrinkage
◇ maximizes flow and ◇ improves resistance to
provides optimum water, shock, frost and
strength development chemical damage.
◇ control the absorbency
and drying rate of
flooring adhesive
FLOOR SURFACE
MEMBRANE

◇ Faster cure rate: enabling ◇ Flexibility: can be used on

floor covering to be all concrete and gypsum-
installed earlier based subfloors,
◇ Moisture mitigation: good including power floated
resistance to residual slab and cement screed
moisture vapor ◇ Versatility: suitable for all
◇ Professional grade: kinds of project work,
special additives provide from hospitals and
excellent adhesion schools to commercial
properties and domestic buildings
SELF LEVELLING
COMPOUND

◇Easy to use
◇Fast-curing
◇Flexibility
◇Fiber reinforced
◇Polymer modified
◇Protein free
 FLOORING

Provides radon and moisture barriers

1. Wood floor
2. Carpet
3. Vinyl floor
4. Sports and rubber flooring
 WOOD FLOOR

◇Engineering: bonding wide wood planks

◇Flexibility: provide tough, flexible bonds
◇Elastomeric: allow adhesives to move with the wood as
it expands and contracts over the life of the floor
◇Sound dampening properties: create a noise reduction
barrier over the substrate
◇Moisture resistance: moisture vapor protection prevents
the cupping or buckling of hardwood planks
◇Anti-microbial: prevent the growth of mold, mildew and
bacteria that can accumulate between the wood and
subfloor
 CARPET

◇Create long-lasting bonds between carpet

and substrates common to resilient floor
coverings.

◇Reduces the dust between the carpet and

the floor. Because the surfaces are bonded,
friction is reduced keeping dust production to
a minimum.
 VINYL

◇ Gives tenacious early bond strength, high

resistance to plasticizer migration, excellent
trowelablility as well as wet-set and
pressure sensitive installation properties.
◇ adhere the floor covering to the substrate..
◇ extends lifespan of pvc floors
RUBBER FLOORING

◇ Ease-of-use
◇ Trowelability
◇ flexibility
◇ speed of application.

◇ Ideal for bonding to porous and non-porous

substrates, cover a broad spectrum of
curing times and material specialties.
 TILINGS

◇Ceramic tile
◇Porcelain tile
◇Natural stone tile
◇Mosaic and glass tile
◇Swimming pool tile
◇Epoxy tile
◇Tile primer
 TILE PRIMER

◇ controls absorbency and adhesive drying

rates, stabilizes bases
◇ increases water resistance in immersed
applications
◇ improves the workability and spread ability
of adhesive.
◇ helps reduce adhesive drying shrinkage
◇ improves adhesive shock, frost and
chemical resistance.
 CERAMIC TILE

◇ gives rapid grabbing or setting times

◇ gives excellent water and mold resistance
◇ ensures installations maintain their durability
in the long run – whether installing kitchen
floors or bathroom walls.
PORCELAIN TILE

◇ provide excellent grab, moisture resistance and

curing rates
◇ perform well in either flooring or wall tile installations,
and across the spectrum of locations
◇ provide added flexibility to normal cement-based
adhesives
◇ improves grab strength
◇ reduce the chance of cracking or shifting of tiles.
NATURAL STONE
TILE

◇provide full coverage of even the most awkward

surface areas
◇help you achieve rustic-looking stone tile flooring
with ease.
◇provide moisture resistant and ‘showerproof’
adhesives.
◇minimize discoloration
◇ensure your stone bathroom tiles stay sleek and
polished
 MOSAIC AND
GLASS TILE

◇ frequent and prolonged water exposure

◇ non-slip, mold resistant and waterproof
◇suitable for use in kitchens, bathrooms and outdoor
areas
 POOL TILE

◇have strong chemical-resistance

◇helping you build a durable, long-lasting swimming
pool.
◇combat high humidity, erosion from water movement
(to which grout at the waterline is particularly exposed),
as well as chemical damage cause by vigorous, deep
cleansing procedures.
◇watertight and maintain the utmost levels of adhesion
and flexibility.
 EPOXY TILE

◇provide impressively strong bonds for interior vertical

and horizontal tiling applications
◇excellent resistance to high temperatures and
marginal shrinkage when cured.
◇suitable for areas where strong cleaning chemicals
are regularly used. and distilleries.
 TILE GROUT

Ease to install, simple to maintain and durable

◇Grout Colors
◇Grout Sealants
◇Epoxy Grout
◇Urethane Grout
◇Grout Remover & Grout Repair
 GROUT COLORS

◇gives flexibility to design beautiful and long lasting

tile finishes
◇provides the repellent qualities
◇gives you an aesthetically-pleasing finish.
SEALANT GROUTING

◇ prevent stains
◇ protect your tiles from moisture and
chemical
◇ damage and keep mold and mildew at bay.
EPOXY GROUTING

◇has excellent preventative measure

◇offers tenacious adhesion and stain resistance
◇renowned for high strength and chemical resistance
URETHANE GROUTING

◇stain resistance
◇color consistency
◇crack resistance
◇anti-microbial protection
◇no sealing required
◇no measuring or combining materials
GROUT REMOVAL &
REPAIRING

◇Cleaning grout
◇ Haze removal
◇ Grout repair
◇ Grout whitener
◇ Grout restoration
 GRAB
ADHESIVE

provide excellent adhesion and initial grab, eliminating

the need for nails, screws and rivets

◇ skirting boards
◇ wall panels
◇ carpet gripper strips
◇ stair nosing
CONSTRUCTION
ADHESIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
 TWO
TYPES

NON-STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL

◇ bond decorative materials, ◇ those which give at least 5 to 8

such as floor and wall MPa in tensile shear strength, and
coverings, and other materials which are required for structural
which do not need very high parts such as bonding of concrete
◇ may be emulsion or to concrete, ceramic tiles to
dispersion adhesives, neoprene concrete, masonry, construction
contact adhesives, solvent panels, outside doors, sealing
based adhesives, natural and metal parts into concrete, civil
renewable adhesives and engineering, composite bonding (
glues... FRP panels ), metal bonding,
structural glass.
 THREE
CLASSIFICATIONS

PHYSICALLY CHEMICALLY PRESSURE

HARDENING CURING SENSITIVE
◇on application, are ◇ Require chemical
already present in their reaction to convert
them from liquid (or
• Do not solidify to form
final chemical state
a solid material, but
◇provide good bond thermoplastic) to solid.
remain viscous
flexibility, and are used in ◇ provide high strength,
• remain permanently
a variety of applications flexible to rigid bond
tacky and have the
1. Hot melts lines that resist
ability to wet surfaces
temperature, humidity,
2. Organic Solvent and many chemicals.
on contact
3. Plastisols 1. Single Component
4. Water-based 2. Two-Component
 A. SUB-
CLASSIFICATIONS

HOTMELTS

◇ Generally 100% solids formulations based on

thermoplastic polymers
◇ Solid at room temperature and are activated upon
heating above their softening point, at which stage they
are liquid, and hence can be processed
◇ Retain the ability to wet the substrate until they solidify
◇ They return to a physical state that has structural integrity
and can function as an adhesive.
◇ Applied by extruding, rolling, or spraying and joining is
carried out immediately after application or after
reheating the solidified layer.
 A. SUB-
CLASSIFICATIONS

ORGANIC SOLVENT ADHESIVE

◇ Applied by brush, roller, and spray or as beads or ribbons

either manually or automatically
◇ Available with a variety of drying and bonding times to
match the application method and assembly process
◇ Typically intermediate in final bond strength and heat
resistance providing good bond line flexibility
◇ They contain organic solvent, they are less sensitive than
other types of adhesives to contaminates on the surfaces
to be bonded.
 A. SUB-
CLASSIFICATIONS

PLASTISOLS
◇ Single-component adhesives that are applied as a
paste to the substrate
◇ In order to form a bond, the applied adhesive is heated
so that the thermoplastic PVC swells and can take up
the plasticizer
◇ Have high flexibility and good peel resistance.
◇ Sensitive to shear stress and they also tend to
undergo creep when subjected to loads.
◇ Has no adverse effects, they only have limited
resistance to heat
◇ Plastisols can also be used to bond non-pretreated
metal sheets as they have the ability to take up oil
◇ PVC plastisols give rise to environmental problems
 A. SUB-
CLASSIFICATIONS

PLASTISOLS
• Includes a wide variety of polymeric materials
dispersed or dissolved in a continuous aqueous phase.
• Ease of cleanup of liquid adhesive, water can be used
to clean application equipment and excess adhesive
off substrates.
• For many water based adhesives, it is a requirement
that at least one of the substrates be permeable to
allow water to escape from the system. It is not
surprising, then, that these materials have found wide
use bonding wood, paper, fabrics, leather and other
porous substrates. Emulsions can accept solid fillers,
and, therefore, pastes are possible. Such material can
be used for tile adhesives, wall panel adhesives and
sealants.
 B. SUB-
CLASSIFICATIONS

ONE COMPONENT

• Components that are premixed in their final

proportions.
• Chemically blocked
• They require either high temperature or
substances or media (light, humidity) from the
surroundings to initiate the curing mechanism.
• These adhesives are usually 100% solid systems.
 B. SUB-
CLASSIFICATIONS

TWO-COMPONENT

• 100% solids systems that obtain their storage

stability by separating the reactive components
• Supplied as “resin” and “hardener” in separate
containers. It is important to maintain the
prescribed ratio of the resin and hardener in
order to obtain the desired cure and physical
properties of the adhesive.
• Only mixed together to form the adhesive a
short time before application with cure occurring
at room temperature.
ACRYLIC-BASED
ADHESIVE

can be use on porous

and difficult
substrates prior to
tiling or screening, or
to seal gypsum
plasters and screeds SUBFLOOR
prior to the addition of PREPARATION
cement-based FLOOR ADHESIVE
adhesives.
POLYMER-MODIFIED
ADHESIVE

cement or gypsum-
based compositions
enriched with functional
additives to deliver
stronger adhesion,
better flexibility, higher SUBFLOOR
crack resistance and PREPARATION
improved durability. TILE ADHESIVE
It is highly modified with TILE GROUT
polymer additives for
strength and flexibility
 EPOXY-BASED
ADHESIVE

recognized for their

ability to provide
impressively strong
bonds for many
construction, consumer
and manufacturing
applications. In addition, TILE ADHESIVE
they are known for their REPAIR ADHESIVE
excellent resistance to SWIMMING POOL
high temperatures and ADHESIVE
minimal shrinkage RUBBER FLOOR
when cured.
SOLVENT BASED
ADHESIVE

Solvent based
adhesives are unique
formulations
designed to bond a
large variety of rigid or
uneven materials and GRAB ADHESIVE
surfaces together.
They also function
well on vertical
applications.
 WATER-BASED
ADHESIVE

solvent free, they’re

also non-flammable
and easy to clean. They
are over paintable once
fully cured or
immediately after GRAB ADHESIVE
application, if you’re FLOOR ADHESIVE
using a water based
paint or emulsion.
SILYL MODIFIED
POLYMERS

formulated to ensure
minimal shrinking and
minimal scope for
hazard within your
decoration or
renovation projects. WOOD FLOORING
They are water and GRAB ADHESIVE
solvent-free adhesives,
making them ideal for
unconventional
bonding tasks
 STYRENE
BUTADIENE/NEOPRENE
RUBBER ADHESIVE
◇ can reduce for the
same workability or
increase workability
◇ used in cementitious
waterproofing
brushable products
improves FLOOR ADHESIVE
dramatically
their water
retention capability
POLYURETHANE
ADHESIVE

hardwood flooring
adhesives, improving
moisture protection
and sound
dampening
performance WOOD FLOORING
GROUT ADHESIVE

◇ Epoxy grout
◇ Urethane grout
◇ Pool tile grout
◇ Grout sealant
◇ Grout remover & TILINGS
repair FLOORINGS
APPLICATION IN
BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
STRESSED-
SKIN PANEL

◇ fabricated flat or
curved. The flat
panels are
composites of
stringers (usually 2-
in. lumber) with
plywood skins
bonded to either one
side or both sides.
 TRUSSES

◇ In this way, roof

sheathing is
applied directly to
the rafters without
any intermediate
purlins.
◇ In constructing
trusses, structural-
quality adhesives
are used to
combine lumber
elements with
plywood gussets
to form rigid joints
for trusses
 SANDWICH
PANEL
◇ an assembly
consisting of a
lightweight core
laminated between
two relatively thin,
strong faces.
Sandwich panels are
usually flat, but may
be curved. Faces of
the panels may be
materials such as
plywood, gypsum,
metal, or hardboard.
BOX
BEAM

◇ Box beams are composites of lumber flanges and plywood

webs. The top and bottom flanges are preferably continuous
members consisting of full-length, scarfed- or finger-jointed
adhesive laminated lumber, but they may also consist of
several layers of lumber having staggered end butt joints. P
FOLDED
PLATES

◇ The folded plate roof system is composed of

multiple units of wood plates acting like I-
beams, inclined against each other, and
connected along parallel ridges and valleys
SCARFJOINTED
LUMBER AND
PLYWOOD

◇ Sections of lumber or plywood may be end

joined with structural adhesives to form
continuous pieces capable of transmitting full
allowable stresses.
 ADVANTAGES
VS.
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

1. Improves Product Durability and

1. Reliability
2. Increases Product Performance
3. Increases Design Flexibility
4. Increases Product Quality
5. Enhances Product Aesthetics
6. Improves Process Productivity and
Reduced Manufacturing Costs
DISADVANTAGES

1. Time to cure
2. Resistance to temperature
3. Ageing
4. Surface Preparation
5. Removal/disassembly
6. Safety and Environment
7. Special process
 WHY BOND WITH ADHESIVES ?

1. MORE EFFICIENT USE OF MATERIAL TO

SAVE COST, WEIGHT AND VOLUME

2. OPPORTUNITY TO PREASSEMBLE
BUILDING COMPONENTS TO SAVE TIME
AND ONSITE LABOR

3. IMPROVED PERFORMANCE BY
ACHIEVEMENT OF MORE RIGID JOINTS TO
DEVELOP THE FULL STRENGTH OG
MATERIALS\
PRESSURE CURTAIN
GUN COATER

CARTRIDGE

TOOLS/
EQUIPMENT
ROLLER TROWEL
SPREADER

BRUSH PAINT
ROLLER

EXTRUDER SPRAY
 PHYSICAL AND
WORKING PROPERTIES
 PHYSICAL AND
WORKING PROPERTIES
 PHYSICAL AND
WORKING PROPERTIES
STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS
 RESOURCES
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sensitive/pressure-sensitive-adhesive-tape
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adhesives-used-in-construction-non-str-483
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http://www.adhesives.org/adhesives-sealants/adhesives-sealants-overview/adhesive-technologies/physically-
hardeninghttps://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/113874
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_adhesive
http://foamsealant.com.au/what-are-the-differences-between-sealants-and-adhesives/
http://www.adhesiveandglue.com/adhesive-disadvantage.html
http://www.doityourself.com/stry/typesofadhesives
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https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/usda/ah516.pdf
https://www.reference.com/home-garden/good-types-construction-adhesives-concrete-293a164c7ae57b8a
http://www.doityourself.com/stry/8-types-of-industrial-adhesives
http://www.screwfix.com/c/sealants-adhesives/tile-adhesive-grout/cat850086