Identify Variable Types and Their Values 1
Identify Variable Types and Their Values
Charles Collantes
STATISTICS (MA320-8C), 2024 SPRING B18
Lori Ann Simmons
March 10, 2024
Identify Variable Types and Their Values
Identify Variable Types and Their Values 2
Identify Variable Types and Their Values Identify the Variables in the Dataset
The dataset has three variables:
Gender
Heart Rate before Exercise
Heart Rate after Exercise
Classify Each Variable as Qualitative or Quantitative Discrete or Quantitative
Continuous
The first variable Gender is a nominal variable, hence it is qualitative.
The other two variables Heart Rate before Exercise and Heart Rate after
Exercise are quantitative-continuous variables.
Specify the Possible Values of Each Variable
The first variable Gender is a nominal variable, have only two values
(dichotomous) M = 0 and F = 1.
The other two variables Heart Rate before Exercise and Heart Rate after
Exercise are quantitative variables measured as counts of heart beats per
minute.
Give a Brief Written Description of What Each Variable Tells Us about the Data
Provided
Heart rate information is shown in the two tables next to each other, with the
categories "resting" and "after exercise" Numerous statistical metrics that shed light on
various facets of the data are provided in each section.
Central Tendency
Mean: The average heart rate for each group is shown by the term mean (Average).
The mean for "After Exercise" is greater than the mean for "Resting" (81.0),
suggesting that there will likely be an increase in heart rate after physical exercise.
Identify Variable Types and Their Values 3
Median: In an ordered dataset, the median is the "middle" value that is less
susceptible to outliers (Mishra et al., 2019). The medians for both groups are
generally symmetrical, indicating that they are near to their respective means.
Mode: The most common value is the mode. Compared to "After Exercise" (99.7),
the mode (85.2) in "Resting" is closer to the mean, indicating a greater distribution of
data in the latter group.
Spread of the Data
Standard Deviation & Variance: Measure the degree to which the data points
deviate from the mean using the standard deviation and variance (George & Mallery,
2018). The "After Exercise" group had both values higher, suggesting more variation
in heart rate after physical activity.
Range: The distinction between the lowest and highest values. Even though the mean
in the "After Exercise" group is higher, comparable range values (around 38) indicate
that the data in both groups are dispersed similarly.
Shape of the Distribution
Skewness: A measure of the data distribution's asymmetry. The somewhat negative
skewness in both groups indicates a tiny tail towards lower values (perhaps because
some people have naturally lower heart rates).
Kurtosis: Indicates how flat or peaky the distribution of the data is in relation to a
normal distribution (Ho & Yu, 2015). The values for both groups are around zero,
indicating a distribution that is close to normal.
The findings mostly supports the anticipated increase in heart rate after exercise.
Standard deviation and variance reveal that "After Exercise" has a greater spread than the
other group, even if both groups' data ranges are equally variable. There may be a few people
with lower resting heart rates, based on the minor negative skewness in both groups.
Identify Variable Types and Their Values 4
Resting After Exercise
Mean 81.022 Mean 90.71698
Standard Error 0.475352 Standard Error 0.49544
Median 80.5 Median 90.45
Mode 85.2 Mode 99.692
Standard Deviation 6.722498 Standard Deviation 7.006579
Sample Variance 45.19198 Sample Variance 49.09215
Kurtosis 0.074434 Kurtosis 0.196743
Skewness -0.05489 Skewness -0.27734
Range 38.3 Range 38.504
Minimum 59 Minimum 68.16
Maximum 97.3 Maximum 106.664
Sum 16204.4 Sum 18143.4
Count 200 Count 200
References
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive
statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of cardiac anaesthesia, 22(1),
67.
Identify Variable Types and Their Values 5
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2018). Descriptive statistics. In IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by
Step (pp. 126-134). Routledge.
Ho, A. D., & Yu, C. C. (2015). Descriptive statistics for modern test score distributions:
Skewness, kurtosis, discreteness, and ceiling effects. Educational and psychological
measurement, 75(3), 365-388.
