Learners with

Chronic Illinesses
 02
01
ASTHMA DIABETES

T a b le o f Co nt e n t
04
03
EPILEPSY ALLERGY
AST H M A
 ASTHMA
Asthma is a chronic lung disease
affecting people of all ages.
Caused by inflammation and
muscle tightening around the
airways, which makes it harder to
breathe.
ASTHMA
SYMPTOMS
Coughing
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Chest tightness
 CAUSES
have family members with asthma or allergies
are premature or born with a low birth weight.
are around air pollution such as bushfires,
mould or second hand cigarette smoke.
 TRIGGERS
cigarette smoke cold or flu
indoor and outdoor air pollution
allergies, such as dust mites , animals, pollen
or mould
cold, dry air
exercise.
TYPES OF
ASTHMA
Allergic asthma
Aspirin-induced asthma
Cough-variant asthma
Exercise-induced asthma
Nighttime asthma
Steroid-resistant asthma
Occupational asthma
 KEY FACTS
Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease (NCD), affecting
both children and adults, and is the most common chronic disease
among children.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 12% of
Philippine population of 90 million have asthma.
According to the Global Asthma Report, approximately 11
million or 1 out 10 Filipinos are suffering from asthma, yet 98
percent of Filipino asthma patients continue to lack proper
treatment.
 KEY FACTS
Asthma affected an estimated 262 million people in
2019 (1) and caused 455 000 deaths.
Avoiding asthma triggers can also help to reduce
asthma symptoms.
Inhaled medication can control asthma symptoms
and allow people with asthma to lead a normal,
active life.
 What Know which kids in your class have
asthma.

Teachers Know the early warning signs of an

asthma episode or attack.

Can Do? Develop a clear procedure with the

student and parent for handling
schoolwork missed due to asthma.
 Understand that a student with asthma

What may feel. Help the student feel more

comfortable by recognizing feelings.

Teachers Encourage the student with asthma to

participate in physical activities, but

Can Do? make sure they follow proper

precautions.
Do not cover up any vents in the
classroom. This prevents fresh air from
circulating into the room.
DIABE T E S
 Diabetes is a chronic disease that
occurs either when the pancreas
DIABETES does not produce enough insulin
or when the body cannot
effectively use the insulin it
produces.
 Insulin is an essential hormone. It helps your body turn food
into energy and controls your blood sugar levels
Hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose, is a symptom that
characterizes diabetes. Insufficient insulin production,
resistance to the actions of insulin, or both can cause diabetes
to develop.
DIABETES When you eat, your body breaks down the food into sugar
(glucose). This sugar enters your bloodstream.
In response, your pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that
helps your cells take in and use the glucose for energy.
Insulin acts like a key, allowing glucose to enter your cells,
where it's used for fuel.
diabetes, this process is disrupted – either the body doesn't
produce enough insulin (as in type 1 diabetes) or the cells
don't respond properly to insulin (as in type 2 diabetes),
leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
 Symptoms of
diabetes include:
Feeling very thirsty
Needing to urinate more often
than usual
Blurred vision
Feeling tired
Losing weight unintentionally
 TYPES
Type 2 Diabetes:
Cause: The body can't use insulin
Type 1 Diabetes properly.
Cause: The body doesn't make Treatment: Can be managed
insulin. with lifestyle changes, oral
Treatment: Insulin injections medications, or insulin.
are needed for life. Who gets it: More common in
Who gets it: Often starts in adults, but can occur at any age.
childhood or adolescence.

In essence, Type 1 is a lack of insulin, usually from a young

age, and Type 2 is when the body can't use insulin effectively,
often linked to lifestyle factors and more common in adults.
For a student with diabetes:
Health Awareness: Be aware of the student's specific health needs
related to diabetes.
Communication: Maintain open communication with parents or
guardians to stay informed about the student's care plan.
Emergency Plan: Have a clear understanding of the emergency plan in
case of any diabetic episodes. 4. Education for Peers: Foster
understanding among classmates about the student's condition to
create a supportive environment.
Emergency Kit: Be aware of the location of the student's diabetes
supplies, such as glucose monitor and insulin, in case of emergencies.
E p i l e ps y
 Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by
recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures
result from abnormal electrical activity in the
brain, leading to temporary disturbances in
behavior, awareness, or sensation.
 SYMPTOMS
1. Seizures: The hallmark symptom, which can manifest as
convulsions, loss of consciousness, staring spells, or subtle
movements.
2. Temporary Confusion: After a seizure, individuals may experience
confusion, memory loss, or difficulty in communicating.
3.Uncontrollable Movements: In some seizures, there may be jerking
movements or repetitive actions.
4.Aura: Some people experience a warning sign or aura before a
seizure, such as a strange smell, taste, or sensation.
 CAUSE
Genetics: A family history of epilepsy can increase the risk.
Brain Injuries: Head injuries, strokes, or infections that
affect the brain may lead to epilepsy.
Brain Conditions: Tumors, developmental disorders, or
other structural brain abnormalities can contribute.
Infections: Certain infections affecting the brain, such as
meningitis or encephalitis, may trigger epilepsy.
Prenatal Factors: Problems during pregnancy and childbirth
can influence brain development and increase the risk.
 TRIGGERS
Lack of Sleep: Insufficient sleep or irregular sleep patterns can
contribute to seizures in some people.
Stress: Emotional stress and anxiety may trigger seizures in
certain individuals.
Flashing Lights: Some people with epilepsy are sensitive to
flashing lights or patterns, known as photosensitivity.
Alcohol and Drug Use: Excessive alcohol consumption or certain
drugs can lower the seizure threshold.
Missed Medications: Irregular or missed doses of prescribed
anti-seizure medications can trigger seizures.
Illness or Fever: Infections and high fevers, especially in
children, may provoke seizures.
 TYPES
Partial (Focal) Epilepsy: Seizures originate in a specific part of the brain. This can be
further divided into simple partial seizures (no loss of consciousness) and complex
partial seizures (altered awareness).
Generalized Epilepsy: Seizures affect both sides of the brain from the beginning. Types
of generalized seizures include absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and atonic
seizures.
Absence Seizures: Brief lapses in consciousness, often mistaken for daydreaming,
common in children.
Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Involves loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles (tonic
phase), followed by jerking movements (clonic phase).
Atonic Seizures: Also known as drop attacks, involving a sudden loss of muscle tone.
Myoclonic Seizures: Brief, shock-like jerks of muscles or groups of muscles.
Febrile Seizures: Occur in response to a high fever, often in young children.
 BE INFORMED
WHAT COMMUNICATION
TEACHERS EMERGENCY PLAN
CAN DO MEDICATION MANAGEMENT
EDUCATE PEERS
REGULAR CHECK-IN
PRIVACY
ALLE R GY
 An allergy is an immune system
response to a substance that is
typically harmless to most people.
The immune system overreacts to
this substance (allergen),
ALLERGY perceiving it as a threat, which
triggers a range of symptoms.
Some common allergens include
pollen, certain foods, pet dander,
dust mites, insect stings, and
certain medications.
 TYPES
Respiratory FOOD
Skin allergies
allergies ALLERGIES
Contact dermatitis
Allergic rhinitis Reactions to specific caused by contact
(hay fever), foods such as nuts, with certain
triggered by eggs, milk, shellfish, substances like latex,
airborne etc. nickel, or certain
allergens like plants.
pollen, dust
mites, or pet
dander.
 TYPES
Insect sting
Drug allergies
allergies

Reactions to Allergic
bee stings, reactions to
wasp stings, or certain
other insect medications.
bites.
 SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of allergies can vary widely depending on the person and
the type of allergy but can include:
1. Respiratory symptoms: Sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, coughing,
wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness.
2. Skin reactions: Itching, hives, eczema, redness, swelling.
3. Gastrointestinal problems: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal pain.
4. Anaphylaxis: A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction
characterized by swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing,
rapid pulse, drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.
Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention.
 CAUSES
Causes of allergies involve a complex interaction
between genetic and environmental factors. Genetics
play a role, as individuals with a family history of
allergies are more likely to develop them.
Environmental factors such as exposure to certain
allergens during childhood, pollution, and dietary habits
also contribute.
What teachers can do
BE AWARE
ACCOMMODATE
COMMUNICATION
EDUCATE
ALLERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN
Thank You