POTENTIAL FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS
LEAD FREE ASSEMBLY PROCESS FMEA
ALL ITEMS MAY NOT APPLY TO A PARTICULAR PART CONFIGURATION
Item No: Core Team: FMEA No / Process No Failure Mode
Lead Free Solder Process TURI Lead Free Group
Process Responsibility: Issue Date:
TURI Lead Free FMEA Group
FMEA No:
FMEA0100
Page:
1/5
September 13, 2006
Revision:
9/13/06 Customer:
Lead Free Process
Cl Effect
Poor print (Insufficient height, Volume)
Sev Cause
8 Incorrect aperture size on stencil/Stencil thickness/Equipment parameter print set up
Occ Process Controls
6 AOI/Monitoring paste shelf life/Monitor Solder paste exposure time/Maintenance of the equipment/LSM paste measurements height, volume, Visual Inspection AOI/Monitoring paste shelf life/Monitor Solder paste exposure time/Maintenance of the equipment/LSM paste measurements: height, volume/visual inspection AOI/Monitoring paste shelf life/Monitor Solder paste exposure time/Maintenance of the equipment/LSM paste measurements height, volume, visual Inspection Optimize Machine for lead free soldering.
Follow Up Det RPN Planned Actions
5 240 Process Owner Specific
Date
CAR Sev Occ Det RPN
8 3 3 72
Screen Printing
002 Insufficient Pad Coverage per IPC-610 Rev D
034
insufficient solder
Poor Print
improper precondition of paste/Paste sticking to stencil/Poor Print Parameters;
240 Process owner specific
72
035
improper solder print dispensing
Poor print
paste problems: clogged tube/old paste/
175 Process owner specific
42
Pick & Place
004 components fail AOI system with lead free soldering. Balls not seen. Ceramic ball grid array solder joint failure/cracking excess Intermetallic growth Component rejection (false rejection) 3 vision system not optimized for lead free 7 2 42 Process owner specific 3 1 2 6
Reflow
023 test failure/latent failures weak solder joint/environmental failure 8 CTE mismatch/Poor CBGA Design/ 8 Review CBGA design/Reliability Qualification Material selection , nickel barrier between tin and copper, witness part analysis, proper reflow profile 9 576 Process Owner Specific 800 Process Owner Specific 8 4 9 288
028
10 HASL/ Sn Plating with SnCu Ni barrier prevents excess IMC or electroimmersion sn, improper reflow profile
10
10
10
200
NEW ENGLAND LEAD FREE ELECTRONICS CONSORTIUM
Item No: Core Team: FMEA No / Process No Failure Mode
006 solder voiding
Lead Free Solder Process TURI Lead Free Group
Process Responsibility: Issue Date:
TURI Lead Free FMEA Group
FMEA No:
FMEA0100
Page:
2/5
September 13, 2006
Revision:
9/13/06 Customer:
Lead Free Process
Cl Effect
CCA fails inspection/part does not work at customer site parts fail test or field failure
Sev Cause
incorrect profile and belt speed, trapped flux, especially in BGA bumps that melt during reflow, proper PCB surface. 10 Excessive z-axis expansion, improper material due to excessive heat (30 deg C higher profile temperature) , Cu plating too thin. 10 Excessive z direction CTE incompatible, with Pb-Free reflow or wave process, rework process 8 CTE mismatch. 8 10 Improper Material selection and or processing. 10 reflow TAL, ramp rate or TMAX incorrect, wrong flux 10 Improper storage moisture criteria, MSL level incorrect 8 board finish subject to oxidation and aging, insufficient solder, poor flux, aged parts 8 Wrong laminate material used/excess reflow heat/Moisture in CCA/Improper board storage 10 High Temperatures, poor material selection, improper board lamination. 10 CTE mismatch issue
Occ Process Controls
8 Thermocouple boards and take profile Cpk measurements, proper flux and paste selection.
Follow Up Det RPN Planned Actions
8 512 Process owner specific
Date
CAR Sev Occ Det RPN
8 3 8 192
032
via hole cracking
Material selection profile, profile and process control, inspection training, IST testing
640 Process Owner Specific
10
150
029
z axis delamination
board fails test or in the field
material selections, profile and process control, witness piece inspection, IST testing alloy 42 (preferred) versus copper RoHs compatible material selection, proper process and controls/witness first piece/acoustic Profile CCA and measure Cpk process capability, improve flux, proper inspection training Test per J-STD-020, proper controls Proper stencil and/or profile, development and control of improved flux selection, part age control, Check board material properties (Td and Tg)/Proper Storage/Proper profile/Reflow Process Control/Inspection/ICT proper material selection and lamination, witness first piece. Reflow profile; flexi cap; modifying component location; fixture device; thicken PCB; power cycling
640 Process Owner Specific
10
150
016 015
lead frame damage Degradation of die attach conductive epoxy Improper wetting criteria per IPC 610 Rev D popcorning solderability issue
product fails test Part fails ICT/Functional test or fails out in the field. CCA fails test
2 8
8 5
128 Process Owner Specific 400 Process Owner Specific 320 Process Owner Specific 560 Process Owner Specific 320 Process Owner Specific
8 10
2 3
8 3
128 90
046
10
80
018 025
Part does not work during test poor wetting
8 8
7 5
10 8
2 3
4 3
80 72
013
Board Delamination
CCA fails /latent defect
10
560 Process owner specific.
64
033
foil attachment could peel much faster ceramic capacitors, resistors cracking/open
Parts fail test
350 Process Owner Specific 200 Process Owner Specific
10
60
021
test failure;
10
60
NEW ENGLAND LEAD FREE ELECTRONICS CONSORTIUM
Item No: Core Team: FMEA No / Process No Failure Mode
026 poor solderability
Lead Free Solder Process TURI Lead Free Group
Process Responsibility: Issue Date:
TURI Lead Free FMEA Group
FMEA No:
FMEA0100
Page:
3/5
September 13, 2006
Revision:
9/13/06 Customer:
Lead Free Process
Cl Effect
solder joints not acceptable
Sev Cause
10 2nd side reflow of board finish ages/ removes organics/degrades it/Ag oxidizes/ 10 improper material (bd material Td to low) / improper storage/ improper board material material/variability in raw material. 6 longer wetting time, poor reflow profiles, poor part storage 10 Improper material selection and/or processing. 10 reflow profile cooling too slow 10 thermal shock/reflow profile cooling to fast 10 solder paste profile has a excessive ramp rate, aperture size, solder paste properties properties not proper, use of no clean, poor stencil apertures 10 TAL not long enough, poor reflow profile development, poor paste flux selection Poor mask selection for 4 lead free, poor mask processing, improper profile, 8 solder profile incorrect/flux inadequate.
Occ Process Controls
8 Audit proper handling instructions, proper storage and solderability finish selection and application proper board processing/proper reflow/proper storage/proper raw material handling/process control monitoring (stress coupon testing/sample lot qual tests) profile control, inspection if aged,AOI, Inspection training RoHS compatible material selection, proper process and controls thermocouple board and measure profile Cpk, witness piece analysis Adhere to design rules, proper reflow, correct material selection, inspection training, x-ray Use a cleanable flux and clean, proper reflow profile and pad design, stencil aperture modifications, proper inspection training, AOI Inspection reflow profile development proper paste and flux selection, x-ray proper mask selection and laminator controls, proper profile, inspection
Follow Up Det RPN Planned Actions
5 400 Process Owner Specific
Date
CAR Sev Occ Det RPN
10 2 3 60
027
Conductive Anodic Filament
part fails during ICT/functional test and in the field
80 Process owner specific
10
60
040
tombstoning
solder touch up/excess rework Parts fail during test
180 Process Owner Specific 400 Process Owner Specific 600 Process Owner Specific 300 Process Owner Specific 400 Process owner specific
54
019
Degradation of Package/plastic melts poor solder joint grain structure cracked solder joint
10
50
042 041
Weak solder joint open
6 6
10 5
10 10
1 2
5 2
50 40
005
solder balls
Shorts
10
40
020
reduced BGA solder wetting/voiding Solder mask failures such as blistering, delamination of solder mask, delamination from main laminate itself. cold solder joints
opens
720 Process Owner Specific 224 Process Owner Specific
10
40
030
CCA fails inspection
36
007
parts fail inspection/parts fail during test/latent defect
Right solder paste/ proper flux/train inspectors/ proper profiling/lead finish condition/solderability test/wetting balance (J-STD-002)
280 Process owner specific
32
NEW ENGLAND LEAD FREE ELECTRONICS CONSORTIUM
Item No: Core Team: FMEA No / Process No Failure Mode
037 parts fail IPC-610 wetting criteria/dewetting/non wetting
Lead Free Solder Process TURI Lead Free Group
Process Responsibility: Issue Date:
TURI Lead Free FMEA Group
FMEA No:
FMEA0100
Page:
4/5
September 13, 2006
Revision:
9/13/06 Customer:
Lead Free Process
Cl Effect
CCA fails inspection
Sev Cause
8 Incorrect stencil aperture Size and design/board surface finish chosen, poor flux chemistry, poor material handling storage, aged parts flux trapped in solder and then is released leaving pin holes Wrong laminate substrate used, poor storage conditions, excessive heat during reflow, wrong module component chosen Wrong laminate material used/poor board design/Improper reflow profile
Occ Process Controls
8 Stencil and /or profile development and control, improved flux selection, part age control
Follow Up Det RPN Planned Actions
4 256 Process Owner Specific
Date
CAR Sev Occ Det RPN
8 2 2 32
043
pinholes
rework
proper paste selection and reflow profile control Proper Tg and Td material, proper storage and reflow processing, inspection training, witness piece analysis, select proper module component Fixturing/Redesign/Test/Improper profiling/Reflow process control
140 Process Owner Specific 512 Process Owner Specific
32
022
laminate module thermal degradation
parts experience failure during test
32
039
Board Warpage
weak/poor solder joints/board does not fit in unit/open circuit
56 Process Owner Specific
14
Clean
011 Pb Free flux residue difficult to clean. ICT Test failures, field failures 10 reflow bakes flux residue 8 flux and solder profile analysis, materials selection, cleaning process improvements. proper profiles and solder selection, inspector training and certification proper profiles and controls 5 400 Process Owner Specific 10 3 5 150
Selective Soldering
044 045 fillet lifting tearing open part fails inspection, test failure, multiple retests fails test, multiple retests latent defect/intermittent or full open circuit. Inspection defect/Open Circuit/Field Failure 9 6 solder shrinks more Shrinkage issue with wavesolder/solective soldering improper flux chemistry or reflow profile Excessive thermal gradient due to lead free rework. 5 5 5 5 225 Process Owner Specific 150 Process Owner Specific 9 6 3 2 3 2 81 24
ICT
047 Flux residue difficult to pin probe. cracked end caps on discrete components 4 9 proper reflow profile, proper flux and paste selection nitrogen/hot air convection rework machine/uniform heating/hot plate/operator training/military grade discrete Nitrogen or hot air rework machine/operator training/hot plate/ 1 36 Process Owner Specific 384 Process Owner Specific 4 3 1 12
Rework
053 8 6 8 8 2 8 128
052
Lifted pads
Excessive heat applied for lead free rework.
320 Process Owner Specific
40
NEW ENGLAND LEAD FREE ELECTRONICS CONSORTIUM
Item No: Core Team: FMEA No / Process No Failure Mode
Lead Free Solder Process TURI Lead Free Group
Process Responsibility: Issue Date:
TURI Lead Free FMEA Group
FMEA No:
FMEA0100
Page:
5/5
September 13, 2006
Revision:
9/13/06 Customer:
Lead Free Process
Cl Effect
Product does not work
Sev Cause
Occ Process Controls
8 Prevent if appropriate by adding zinc to solder.
Follow Up Det RPN Planned Actions
10 800 Process Owner Specific
Date
CAR Sev Occ Det RPN
10 4 10 400
Field Failures
048 Open Circuit 10 Over time the SnAgCu diffuses into the Sn causing SnCu3 Intermetallic layer. Also occurs with high current applied causing electromigration. product fails in the field. 10 tin Whiskering, poor material selection.
017
short in the field
proper component solderability finishes/Add a nickel barrier
10
900 Process Owner Specific- Tin Whisker Mitigation Plan required with high rel electronics.
10
10
300
NEW ENGLAND LEAD FREE ELECTRONICS CONSORTIUM
