New Initiatives in credit flow to Farmers:
NCDEX Journey
Mr P.H.Ravikumar
MD & CEO, NCDEX Limited
Oct 8, 2005
Present Financial Concerns
Financial Risks of Framers
Pre-Production Post-Production
Credit needs Insurance • Price risk
needs •Lack of proper
•Lack of timely
farm inputs •Weather leading to storage
crop failure •Credit flow
•Forward price
risk •Yield risk
•Credit flow
2
Present Financial Concerns
Entities covering risk
Pre-Production Post-Production
Credit needs Insurance needs • NCDEX
•NCDEX •Insurance Company •NCMSL
•Banks • NCDEX –NCMSL •Banks
Price risk
•NCDEX
3
Integrated role of Arathiya
Price
Buyback
Insurance
Liquidity
Flexible turn around time
4
To replace Arathiyas, we need alternative ‘single-
window’ agencies performing with same
efficiency and turn around time; costs are
secondary
5
Banks lend, but…
Banks charge farmers high interest rates
Price risk
Volumetric risk
Crop failure on account of natural factors as also
failure in supply of inputs
Other Risks run by farmers and lenders
Default Risk
Accidental death of farmers
Slower process & lower quantum lent
Can the arathiya’s role be entwined with that of the banks?
6
Single window model: Pre-harvest
Small Small Large
Farmers Farmers Farmers
Aggregators
Future price ensured
Liquidity enhanced
Banks
Insurance Weather derivatives
/Crop Insurance
NCDEX
NCMSL Bank lending
7
Single window model: Post-harvest
Small Large
Farmers Farmers
Sell forward
Banks
Storage facility
NCDEX
NCMSL
Assaying & grading
Commodity backed
bank finance (WR)
8
Information Dissemination Matrix
Information on commodity price, warehouse status, weather & rainfall
etc.
Price Ticker Awareness Print Media Electronic
Program Media
Rural Post offices Covering remote Regional TV
Bank’s rural branches villages newspapers
Railway platforms In vernaculars Training
Radio
Co-operative offices Documentary materials
Rural warehouses movies
Panchayat offices
Kissan Call centres
9
Current Spot Market Structure
Spot Markets
Over 7000 ‘Mandis’
Opaque prices
Long Value Chain
Asymmetric market & price information
Bundled Processes
Price Information
Decision to buy/sell
Geographically influenced
Subjective Grading
Physical Delivery
Realisation of value
Currently both the buyer/seller to depend on intermediaries,
elongating the value chain
10
NCDEX Approach in Spot Market
Unbundling the process
Price Information Informed decision on when & where
Information Dissemination to sell – at his place itself
Spot Prices
Electronic Trades Trade execution- at his place itself
Warehouse & Logistics Physical Delivery of produce –
Accredited warehouses
quality migration
Weather
Scientific Grading
Prompt commercial realization
Receipt of value
Low cost funding of stocks
Cashflow funding for intermediary
period, when sold forward
11
Benefits of unbundling
Increase of holding power of small & marginal
farmers
Remove the price & market information asymmetry
Improves realization
Larger flow of credit to the sector through risk
mitigation
Shrinkage of value chain
Higher realization to the primary producer & lower cost
to the consumer
12
NCDEX Pilots
Cotton grading project with CIRCOT
Grading cotton scientifically possible
Reduced subjectivity in grading of cotton
MOU with IARI
Objective gradation of cereals
Cotton pilot in AP & Gujarat
farmers to sell forward before harvest
Insurance player included to cover volumetric risk
Issue of aggregators
Farmers said they preferred options
Bank finance in MP with MPSWC
Banks to provide finance up to 85% of crop value
13
Impact of NCDEX on farm incomes
Guar Seed Price (Rs/qtl) Raw Jute Price (Rs qtl)
FY0 FY0
FY02 3 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY02 3 FY04 FY05 FY06
1st Qtr 823 840 1217 1082 1491 1st Qtr 1146 1008 842 1056 1454
2nd Qtr 821 1575 847 1625 - 2nd Qtr 1042 857 823 1405 -
3rd Qtr 698 1434 978 1669 - 3rd Qtr 1042 827 784 1557 -
4th Qtr 758 1439 958 1534 - 4th Qtr 1167 804 794 1303 -
Castor Seed price (Rs/20 kgs)
FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06
304 304
1st Qtr 197 247 375
2nd Qtr 224 263 287 357 -
3rd Qtr 211 297 292 348 -
4th Qtr 211 363 300 305 -
Prices are those received by the farmers after adjusting for the taxes and other incidentals. The
Prices are from the following mandis: Bikaner, Calcutta and Ahmedabad. Numbers marked in
red pertain to Prices after trading was enabled on NCDEX.
14
One-stop shop in Non Urban India
Unit Function
Warehouse Hub of activities
Banking Franchised branches
Low cost ATMs, Agri-loans, financing,
aggregation
Crop Insurance Franchised branches, Crop risk
mitigation
Life Insurance Life risk mitigation
NCDEX (Price & Trading) Price risk mitigation & real time
knowledge
Grading Agencies Scientific grading, quality migration
Input suppliers (seed, fertilizers & Increase availability to farmers
machine tools)
Agri-extension services Facilitate other needs & services
15
Regulatory Facilitation
Options
Can be a substitute for MSP
Can be done for specific commodities without
amendment in FCRA (by notification under Section 27)
Indices & weather derivatives not tradable
Bank participation as aggregators
Can be done by notification under Section 6 (1)(o) of
Banking Regulation Act
16
Regulatory Facilitation
Institutional participation
Mutual funds: Modification in SEBI regulation
SEBI to issue a notification
FIIs: Notification by RBI
Policy to be put in place
Legal recognition needed for demat WR
Not under Depository Act presently
Not a negotiable instrument
17
About NCDEX
18
NCDEX – Current shareholders
NABARD NSE IFFCO CRISIL
15% 15% 12% 12%
ICICI Bank LIC Canara Bank PNB
15% 15% 8% 8%
-No private shareholding, only institutional shareholding
-NCDEX fully compliant with shareholding guidelines
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Independent Board of Directors
Name Organisation Expertise in
Shri U. S. Awasthi MD, IFFCO Agriculture
Shri A.K. Shukla Chairman, LIC Insurance
Shri B.V. Bhargava Chairman, CRISIL Credit rating/finance
Shri S.H. Bhojani Partner, Amarchand Mangaldas & Co. Legal
Shri Dileep Choksi Sr. Partner, C.C Choksi & Co. Accounting
Shri D. S. Kolamkar Director, FMC Market Regulation
Smt Ranjana Kumar Chairperson, NABARD Rural finance/Banking
Shri Ravi Narain MD & CEO, NSE Exchange operation
Shri Lamon Rutten Chief - Finance & Energy, UNCTAD Finance & Energy
Shri Ravi Mohan MD, CRISIL Credit rating
Dr. Ajay Shah Consultant, Ministry of Finance Economics & Finance
Shri H.N. Sinor CEO & Secretary, IBA Banking & Finance
Shri P. H. Ravikumar MD, NCDEX Banking & Finance
20
Product Calendar Crude oil just
launched
Apr-Dec Jan – Aug
Dec 2003 2004 2005 In pipeline
Gold,
Gold, Silver,
Silver, Guar
Guar seed,
seed, Gur,
Gur, Rice,
Rice, Other
Other base
base
Crude Maize,
Maize, Raw
Raw
Crude Palm
Palm Jute
Jute Metals,
Metals,
silk,
silk, Cocoon,
Cocoon,
oil,
oil, RBD
RBD sacking,
sacking, Energy
Energy
Jeera,
Jeera, Chilli,
Chilli,
Palmolein,
Palmolein, Chana,
Chana, Steel,
Products,
Products,
Steel,
Cotton,
Cotton, Rubber,
Rubber, Cashew,
Cashew,
More
More
Mustard
Mustard Pepper,
Pepper, Cottonseed
Cottonseed Agricultural
Agricultural
seed,
seed, Wheat,
Wheat, oilcake,
oilcake, products
products
Mustard
Mustard oil
oil Castor
Castor Sesame
Sesame seed,
seed,
Soybean, seed, Tur, Arabica
Tur, Arabica
Soybean, seed, Guar
Guar
&
& Robusta
Robusta
Refined
Refined soy
soy gum,
gum, Raw
Raw Indices
Indices--
Coffee,
Coffee,
oil
oil jute,
jute, Urad,
Urad, Copper
Copper NCDEXAGRI
NCDEXAGRI
Yellow
Yellow cathode
cathode ,,
peas,
peas, mentha
mentha oil,
oil, FUTEXAGRI
FUTEXAGRI
Sugar,
Sugar, Crude
Crude oil
oil NCDEXRAIN
NCDEXRAIN
Turmeric,
Turmeric,
Soymeal
Soymeal
Each product is selected after in-depth research & market feedback
21
Average daily volumes Rs cr
4500
4157
4000 3835
3500
Peak Volume for a single day
3040
3000
Rs. 7,197 cr on 22 Aug’05
2575
2500 2231
2015 2095
2000
1619
1444
1500 1231 1229
1000
691
500
21 55
0
Q 1 -2 0 0 4
Q 2 -2 0 0 4
Q 3 -2 0 0 4
O c t -N o v 0 4
D e c - '0 4
J a n '0 5
F e b '0 5
M a r '0 5
A p r '0 5
M a y '0 5
J u n e '0 5
J u l y '0 5
A u g '0 5
S e p '0 5
•Impressive growth of NCDEX with 85% volume contribution from agriculture
•Volumes in Steel & Copper picking up- daily average steel trade- 10,000 tonnes
•NCDEX has 60% of the market share in commodity trading
22
Thank You
23
Value Chain
Farmers
Farmers
Kaccha
Kaccha Farmers
Farmers
Pucca
Pucca Arathiya
Arathiya
Arathiya
Arathiya Co-operatives
Co-operatives
Mandis
Mandis
Co-operative
Co-operative
Pucca
Pucca Arathiya
Arathiya
Mills
Mills
Private
Private Mills
Mills
Consumer
Consumer Retailer
Retailer Wholeseller
Wholeseller
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