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NOS Lecture Notes.docx

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Islington College*
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NETWORKING 5054
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25
Upload Date
Jan 27, 2024
Uploaded by BarristerSnow13154 on coursehero.com
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Week 1: Network Operating

System Fundamentals Kernel -
small piece of code that is loaded
into memory when the computer
boots. manage hardware devices,
memory allocation, system
processes, and other programs.
(ntoskrnl) File System -provides
the directory structure that
organizes the user's operating
system, application,
configuration, and data files. File
Allocation Table, 32-bit (FAT32)
- Support partition sizes up to 2
TB or 2,048 GB. New
Technology File System (NTFS)
- Support partition sizes up to 16
Exabytes Common Desktop
Operating System Microsoft
Windows, Apple Mac OS
UNIX/Linux: UNIX -
Introduced in the late 1960s.
Linux -Developed by Linus
Torvalds in 1991; designed as
an open-source operating
system. Examples: Microsoft
Windows: Windows Server
2022, and Windows Server
2019 Linux: Red Hat, Fedora,
CentOS, Ubuntu Server, SUSE
MCQ: 1.What is an operating
system? a.Interface between the
hardware and application
programs. b.Collection of
programs that manage hardware
resources. c.System services
provider to the application
programs. d.All of the
mentioned. 2.Which is not a
valid file system? a.FAT 16
b.FAT 32 c.NTFS d.FXS 3.The
file system "NTFS" stands for...
a.New Type File System b.Never
Terminated File System c.New
Technology File System d.Non
Terminated File System 4.Which
one of the following is not the
function of the Operating
System? a.Resource
Management b.File Management
c.Networking d.Processor
Management 5.Which of the
following is not an example of an
operating system. a.MACOS
b.DOS c.DDOS d.Parrot OS
6.What is the max file size
FAT32 File system holds?
a.32GB b.128GB c.1TB d.4GB
Week 2: Physical Components
of a Network Nodes - Devices
on the network Physical
topology -Shows the
physical configuration of a
network, actual physical
layout of the devices and
media. Logical topology-
Paths that signals travel from
one point on the network to
another. Networking media-
how signals (data) are sent
from one computer to another.
Includes cable or wireless
means. Media Types Twisted
Pair Cable - Used for
telephone communications and
most modern Ethernet
networks. Shielded twisted-
pair -Combines the techniques
of cancellation and twisting of
wires with shielding.
Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
-Has two or four pairs of
wires; used cabling in Ethernet
networks. 10 Gb Ethernet
Cable -new specifications of
twisted pair copper cabling;
higher bandwidth such as
Cat6, Cat6a, and Cat7. Fiber-
Optic Cable -Conduct
modulated light transmissions;
cabling that has a core of glass
or plastic (instead of copper).
Wireless -radio frequency
(RF), laser, infrared (IR), and
satellite/microwaves Network
Devices Bridge - Make
intelligent decisions about
whether to pass signals on to
the next segment of a network.
Switch -Learn certain
information about the data
packets that they receive from
computers on the network.
Help segment a network and
reduce network traffic
congestion by limiting each
port to its own collision
domain. Router -Capable of
segmenting a network into
multiple collision domains as
well as into multiple broadcast
domains.
MCQ: 1. The nodes in Mesh
Topology are connected via a.
Multipoint link c. Point-to-
point link b. Single link d.
Hybrid link 2. Which topology
requires central controller? a.
Mesh Topology c. Bus
Topology b. Bus Topology d.
Star Topology 3. Which of the
following could be more
reliable? a. Mesh Topology c.
Bus Topology b. Bus Topology
d. Star Topology
Week 3: Windows Server 2022
Overview Server role -File
services Email ServerPrint
services. Database ServerWeb
servicesRemote Access
Application Server Primary
Subsystem that makes the
server
hardware:ProcessorMemory
StorageNetwork Types of
Server: Tower Server -
Standalone, upright cabinet,
also known as a chassis
configuration. Rack Server -
Mounted on a server rack in a
data center. Plays an all-
around computing role in the
data center, supporting a
multitude of workloads. Blade
Server -Compact device that
houses multiple thin, modular
circuit boards called server
blades. Each blade contains a
single server, which is often
assigned to one application.
Windows Server Windows
Server 2022 Datacenter
Edition -
Comprehensiveedition;
designed for enterprises that
own highly virtualized
datacenters or act as cloud
providers. Windows Server
2022 Standard Edition- Full-
featurededition; designed for
medium- sizedbusinesses that
own servers on-premises.
Windows Server 2022
Datacenter: Azure Edition -
Intended only for running in
the Microsoft cloud. Windows
server 2022:New windows
Admin center Upgraded
Hyper-V Manager Enhanced
Security Hybrid Cloud
Capabilities Understanding
Partition Schemes: Master
Boot Record (MBR):Known
as a legacy boot option.
Operates on a 512-byte
disksector. Maximum of four
or three primary partitions &
one extended partition having
up to 26 logical partitions.
Support disks up to 2TB.
GUID Partition Table
(GPT):Operates on 512-byte &
up disk sector, most common
4096 byte. Part of the Unified
Extensible Firmware Interface
(UEFI) Standard that replaces
the old basic input/output
(BIOS) Support disks up to 18
EB and 128 partitions Boot
Options:Optical Installation
Media USB Drive Network
Boot Various Windows Server
2022 Installation
Methods:Clean installation
Installation over network
using WDS Unattended
installation In-place upgrade
Migration Windows Registry -
Hierarchical database; stores
the hardware/software
configuration and system
security information.
e.g.:HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
: HKEY_CURRENT_USER:.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE:
HKEY_USERS:
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG:
MCQ: Which server requires
less cabling? - Blade Server.
The first Windows Server OS?
- Windows NT 3.1 Primary
Partitions in MBR? - 4
Partitions
Week 4: Overviewof Network
OS Services TCP/IP - Most
popular network services rely
on this suite of protocols.
Remote Administration and
Access Services: Remote
Access Telecommuting -
email, phone, chat, video apps
Mobile Users Terminal
Emulation Services - accessing
a remote system via a local
computer terminal Telnet
Services -creating a connection
with a remote machine;
security considerations like
Hacking, Password guessing,
Denial of Service (DoS)
attacks, Packet sniffing
(viewable text data) Directory
Services:Storing and mapping
of resource information;
accessed frequently on daily
basis; centralized storage. E.g.:
Employee profile records,
DNS Servers. Directory
Service Standards:common
method of naming and
referencing objects.
X.500defines the Electronic
Directory Service
(EDS)standards. Network
Information Service
(NIS):Linux own version of
Directory Services Consists of
the NIS server, slaves, and
clients. Other NOS Services:
Mail:rely on TCP/IP
comprised of a combination of
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA),
Mail Delivery Agent (MDA),
Mail User Agent (MUA)
Printing:Uses "First In, First
Out" (FIFO) order. File
Sharing:Uses File Transfer
Protocol (FTP); Peer-to-peer
networking is popular.
Internet:Called World Wide
Web. Intranet:technology used
by the Internet, including
HTTP over TCP/IP, web
servers, and web clients;do not
allow public accessto private
servers. Accomplished by
using an Internet firewall.
Extranet: access the private
network over the Internet; use
a technology such as virtual
private networking (VPN) to
prevent unauthorized access
VPNs -rely on encryption
software, usernames, and
passwords to ensure
communication occurs
privately, and only among
authorized users. Domain
Name Service (DNS):allows
clients to make requests to
DNS servers for the translation
of names to IP addresses. The
Internet name that the DNS
resolves is called the
Hostname. First part of
hostname is Machine Name,
and the second part is Domain
Name.
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