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Chapter Two, Network Theorem

The document discusses different circuit analysis techniques including source transformation, nodal analysis, mesh analysis, and their use of super nodes and super meshes. Source transformation involves replacing a voltage source in series with a resistor by a current source in parallel with a resistor or vice versa. Nodal analysis uses Kirchhoff's current law to write equations for each node except the reference node. Mesh analysis uses Kirchhoff's voltage law to write equations for each mesh or loop in the circuit. Super nodes and meshes are formed when dependent or independent sources connect two nodes or meshes.

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Dawit Ab
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57 views16 pages

Chapter Two, Network Theorem

The document discusses different circuit analysis techniques including source transformation, nodal analysis, mesh analysis, and their use of super nodes and super meshes. Source transformation involves replacing a voltage source in series with a resistor by a current source in parallel with a resistor or vice versa. Nodal analysis uses Kirchhoff's current law to write equations for each node except the reference node. Mesh analysis uses Kirchhoff's voltage law to write equations for each mesh or loop in the circuit. Super nodes and meshes are formed when dependent or independent sources connect two nodes or meshes.

Uploaded by

Dawit Ab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter Two

Network Theorems

1
Introduction

2
Source transformation
 It is the process of replacing a voltage source vS in
series with a resistor R by a current source iS in
parallel with a resistor R, or vice versa.
• The arrow of the
current source is
directed toward
(a) Independent source transform the positive terminal of
the voltage source.

• The source
transformation is
not possible when
(b) Dependent source transform R = 0 for voltage
source and R = ∞
vs
vs  is R or is  for current source.
R 3
Example
Using source transformation determine vo in the circuit below

4
Solution:

 we use current division in Fig.(c) to get


2
i (2)  0.4A
28
 and
vo  8i  8(0.4)  3.2V
5
Nodal Analysis
Steps to determine the node voltages:
1. Select a node as the reference node.
2. Assign voltages v1,v2,…,vn-1 to the remaining
n-1 nodes. The voltages are referenced with
respect to the reference node.
3. Apply KCL to each of the n-1 non-reference
nodes. Use Ohm’s law to express the branch
currents in terms of node voltages.
4. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations to
obtain the unknown node voltages.

6
Examples 2. Determine voltage at node
1. Determine node voltage V1 &
V2 and current i. and also power 1&2 and power absorbed by
supplied by each sources each resistor

KCL At node 1

KCL At node 2

Then solving this, V1=V2=20v


Then solving this , V1=16v and
= 0A
V2=10v
7
Super-node
 A super-node is formed by enclosing a (dependent or
independent) voltage source connected between two non-
reference nodes.
*Note: We analyze a circuit with super-nodes using the same
three steps mentioned above except that the super-nodes are
treated differently.
Basic steps:
1. Take off all voltage sources in super-nodes and apply KCL to
super-nodes.
2. Put voltage sources back to the nodes and apply KVL to
relative loops.

8
Example
Determine the node
voltages

9
Exercise
Determine node voltages
and current via 4Ω resistor

The second equation come from the


constraint on the voltage source
v 2 v 3 5
Two equations and two unknowns ,
you can solve
10
Mesh analysis
 Mesh analysis provides another general procedure
for analyzing circuits using mesh currents as the
circuit variables.

 Nodal analysis applies KCL to find unknown


voltages in a given circuit, while mesh analysis
applies KVL to find unknown currents.

 A mesh is a loop which does not contain any other


loops within it.

11
Steps to determine the mesh currents:

1. Assign mesh currents i1, i2, …, in to the n meshes.

2. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohm’s


law to express the voltages in terms of the mesh
currents.

3. Solve the resulting n simultaneous equations to get


the mesh currents.

12
Example
 Use the mesh-current method
to determine the power
dissipated in the 4 W resistor

i

13
14
15
Super-mesh
 a super-mesh results when two meshes have a
(dependent , independent) current source in common.
 a super-mesh formed from two meshes needs two
equations: one is from the super-mesh and the other
equation is obtained from the current source.
Example:
6i1  14i2  20
i1  i2  6

16

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