" STRESS COPING STRATEGIES OF GRADE XII HUMSS STUDENTS OF BAI

TEMBABAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL"

Warda A. Bilalang

RESEARCHER

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

2023
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Stress is the sensation of being overwhelmed or unable to handle one's emotional or mental

pressure. It is the way the body reacts to pressure. Stress can be brought on by a wide variety of life

circumstances, including family issues, work obligations, and financial difficulties.

While some stress is unavoidable and normal in life, feeling overburdened or unable to Coping

with stressful events can be troublesome and can impact your mental and physical health. Being in

stressful settings all the time can be overstimulating, and if we are continuously in stressful situations

When we're under stress, we could start to doubt our ability to handle the current issues. We need to

first determine what stresses us, our stress threshold, and the best ways to handle stressful events if we

want to prevent ourselves from feeling "overloaded."

As a fundamental component of our everyday lives, stress can arise from both positive and

negative situations. Stress was essential for survival from an evolutionary perspective (picture hunting

massive prey that your entire tribe depends on). Stress is still useful in our modern life since it drives us

to finish tasks and make required adjustments. Whether it's at graduation from high school or when

we're getting ready for big life events like a job interview, we've all felt the strain of our surroundings.

While stress can be a useful learning tool (e.g., arousing anxiety before an exam might spur tests),

excessive stress can have negative effects as well.Negative mental and physical symptoms, such as
anxiety, anger, and elevated heart rate, can result from experiencing excessive stress or from not being

able to manage it.

Teenagers deal with stress on a daily basis and frequently mention that school, pressure to

succeed in school, make money, maintain relationships, be a teen mom, work, have sex, and so on.

Stress levels can be increased by friends, violence and fighting, STDs/AIDS, and other things. Anger,

anxiety, sadness, and low self-esteem can all have an impact on how stressed one feels. Teens also

recognized external pressure coming from a variety of school, sports , friends, family, church, and job.

When dealing with stress, some teenagers make bad decisions and turn to drugs or smoking,

self-harm, experience depression, or completely give up on life. Teens are able to identify what is

causing them stress and discover healthy, effective coping mechanisms for it. Students should be aware

that there are healthy coping mechanisms for the stresses in their lives, and that being. In addition to

helping pupils, being able to control stress and deal with pressures may also help in their academic

achievement as well.

Teens may have a variety of unpleasant situations to deal with, such as parents who technology

use, blended step- and half-sibling families, divorce, same-sex parenting, dating violence to intimidate or

frighten people, the effects of a collapsing economy, and social isolation. It can be challenging to identify

teenage stress, so parents and educators must be aware of how stress affects teenagers in order to offer

the support and honest dialogue that will enable them to manage a variety of problems.

After experiencing stress, some pupils handle it better than others. Preparing Teens who know

how to handle stress from a variety of sources may experience less stress overall. Their prospects. There

are several strategies to assist relieve stress, but the most practical ones involve either giving

overscheduled teenagers fewer responsibilities or providing them with more coping mechanisms.
 The multiple demands of the twenty-first century are making it harder for teenagers to cope. They

are asking for instructional initiatives in schools to assist students learn coping mechanisms for such

stresses (Frydenberg, Lewis, Luscombe-Smith, McCarthy, McCarthy, Cotta, & Poole, 2004). One method

to cope is to be able to handle obligations, issues, or challenges in a composed and collected way. Stress

is the state of stress or strain that can be felt in the body, mind, or emotions. Numerous variables

frequently put pressure on students, leading to stress in one or more ways (Strong, De Vault & Cohen,

2008).

Positive coping methods are stressed in educational programs, which may not only help boost

youth to lead healthy lives, but also to support their continued health and productivity.

Teens who have finished stress-reduction programs report feeling less stressed and using their coping

mechanisms more frequently. Due to the high level of stress that students are currently experiencing,

some teenagers have asked for suggestions on how to manage their stress in constructive methods in

their daily existence.

Finding the best ways to manage stress and build resilience can be aided by this study. Coping

skills teach people how to deal with stressful events, negative emotions, and panic attacks. When you

successfully handle a challenging emotion or circumstance, you also let go of the troubling emotions

that are connected to that experience and move on. Importantly, employing more positive coping

methods was linked to better adjustment over time (e.g., lower suicidal thoughts, less negative coping

methods used, higher self-esteem, and better academic performance).

People all over the world , regardless of their professional or academic background, race, color,

or ethnicity, endure stress in one form or another. According to Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato (2003),

stress can take many different forms and affect people of various ages and socioeconomic backgrounds.
This suggests that stress is a part of life and has many causes, and that the amount of stress in our lives

is greatly influenced by a variety of factors, including our physical health, the strength of our

interpersonal connections, the number of commitments and responsibilities we shoulder, the degree of

other people's dependence on and expectations of us, the support we receive from others, and the

frequency of traumatic events. We all experience traumatic incidents in our life. This indicates that

depending on a person's lifestyle and the amount of cultural development, life itself is stressful.

The researcher conduct this kind of study since there are more stressed out pupils in today's

classrooms, particularly with this new way of instruction. Most teenagers who struggle with chronic

stress are also students, and many of them feel that their stress levels are greater than their capacity for

effective coping. About 30% of people believed it makes them overwhelmed, dejected or unhappy.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to determine how HUMSS students deal with stress. Specifically,

it will answer the following questions:

1. What are the causes of stress among the students?

2. What are the effects of stress among HUMSS students

3. What are the stress coping strategies of grade 12 HUMSS students?

Hypothesis of the Study

The hypothesis of the study shown below:

Ho: There is no significant relationship between gender and both positive and negative stress coping

strategies.

Scope and Delimation of the Study

This study is limited to find out the stress coping strategies among the grade 12 HUMSS

students of Baitembabay National High School. The target respondents were the Humss students

included the 15 male and 15 female of grade 12 students of Bai Tembabay National High School. The

researcher used the descriptive method to determine how students cope up the stress in their situation,

and this study used the questionnaire and the survey questionnaire to sum up respondents ideas who

are involved in the research conduct. The frequency, percentage, ranking, were used in the treatment

and interpreting data.

Conceptual framework

This figure present the research input process and output of the research study. The inputs are the

grade 12 humss students of Bai Tembabay National High School. As an output is the stress coping
 strategies to find the most better way to cope with stress and the most coping skills increase resilience

because they help people learn how to properly handle negative emotions or situations.

INPUT OUTPUT

STRESS COPING STRATEGIES

1. Focus on the things you can control

Grade 12 HUMSS students of
2. Manage your time
Bai Tembabay National High
School 3. Take care of your body

4. Use positive self talk

5. Talk to a friend or adults

Figure 1: The Conceptual Framework of the study, BTNHS 2023

Significance of the Study

 The importance of this study is to determine what are the coping strategies of HUMSS

students of Bai Tembabay National High School. This study will be beneficial

Student's, the results of the study will make the students to be aware that there are positive ways

to cope with the stressors in their lives.

Parents, being able to help students manage their stress and cope with stressors may not only

benefit the students, but may also help their academic performance too.

Teachers, who have more interaction with students, are more likely to build trust and relationship.

Future researcher, as they will know what are the strategies when dealing with stress

Definition of Terms

To help with understanding the background of this study, the following concepts were defined

both conceptually and operationally.

Coping- it refers to a person makes an effort to meet expectations that they perceive as difficult or

scary.

Coping strategies - it pertains to the behaviors or strategies used to manage stress or anxiety and any

psychological conditions.

Causes of Stress- refers to the emotional disturbance, frustrations, illness, or injury.

Effects of Stress- pertains to the many physical conditions like headaches, heart problems, and many

more it can also tend to depression and anxiety.

 Emotion-focused coping - refers to the category of coping mechanisms that involves managing the

emotional responses to a stressor.

Stress- it pertains to the response of our body when we feel frustrated, nervous, or angry.

Self- efficacy - refers to the belief in one's ability to cope with a situation.

Humss- a senior high school strand that focuses on students who wants to take courses related to

humanities and social science.

 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the Related Literature and Studies Reviewed by the researcher that

have some relevance to the present study.

In 2010, a study named Test Anxiety, Coping Strategies, and Perceived Health in a

Group of High School Students: A Turkish Sample was carried out by Aysan et al. This study

examines test anxiety, coping strategies, and perceived health status among high school

students in Izmir, Turkey. The participants were divided into two groups and given assessments

to complete before and after a significant exam period. High exam anxiety students tended to

perceive their health worse and utilized less effective coping strategies. Test anxiety was higher

in juniors and less effective coping strategies were adopted in seniors before to exams.

Following the exam periods, both age groups' perceived health scores improved, but younger

students' scores remained noticeably higher than those of older students. Both age groups

showed increases in their perceived health following the exam periods, although younger

students' scores on one of the most important test anxiety measures remained much higher

than senior students' scores. The study confirms earlier research conducted in different cultural

situations, and its conclusions have significance for the creation of stress-reduction programs

for students.

As said by Susan Folkman in 2011.Over the past 30 years, there has been a

significant increase in the stress, coping, and health research enterprise due to a variety of

factors including new technology, scientific curiosity, and popular demand. Initially, a large

portion of this research concentrated on proving that stress was detrimental to both physical
and mental health. Interest in coping mechanisms that could lessen these negative impacts

increased as they became more apparent. Subsequently, a variety of elements came together

in the 1990s to spark interest in stress-resilience and well-being. As a result, the field of coping

grew, and novel strategies for coping that produced and maintained resilience and wellbeing

were discovered and investigated.

As stated by Emilie Boujut, Greg Décamps, and Camille Brisset (2012). Numerous

stressors are present for students in schools. Despite the fact that playing sports has been

shown to have positive effects on stress and overall health, the researchers found that students

who participated in sports on a regular basis reported higher levels of self-efficacy and lower

levels of academic stress, general stress, and emotion-focused coping strategies than students

who did not. The majority of pupils classified stress as a mental illness. The most frequent

reasons why students were stressed out were lack of sleep, money troubles, family issues, and

schoolwork.

As declared in 2015 by Generoso N. Mazo. Stress affects individuals of various ages,

genders, civil status, political affiliation, religious belief, economic condition, and vocations.

Stress can occur at home, with friends, in the office, at school, or in the classroom. It affects

decision-makers like politicians, managers, priests or pastors, workers, housewives, students,

children not in school, drivers, and even the unemployed. It's inevitable because it's a part of

being human and is just around the bend. In actuality, a lot of people experience daily stress.

There could be a lot of contributing factors. Each experiences stress differently, as do its
sources and levels of intensity. Regardless of one's level of privilege, reason, education, or

brilliance, stress affects everyone.

As per Geeta Jain and Manisha Singhai 2017. Although stress has a large definition

and a significant influence, it may be managed by making little adjustments to our daily lives.

Nowadays, stress is most common among students, but it also affects managers, financiers,

legislators, administrators, and housewives. Finding the source of the stress is critical in order

to address it thoroughly and develop effective interventions. Stress is always perceived as a

personal process that includes an individual's appraisal and reaction to a potentially dangerous

situation. Anxiety, sadness, and many other dangerous disorders can be brought on by

stress.The increasing number of stress-related cases over the past few decades is reflected in

the numerous publications, research reports, etc. that are being published. This study

addresses the philosophical underpinnings of stress, student stressors, and stress management

techniques. It also includes a review of related literature.

As cited by Michaela C. Pascoe, Sarah E. Hetrick, and Alexandra G. Parker.

International journal of adolescence and youth (2020).There are many continuous pressures

associated with academic obligations that students in secondary and postsecondary education

environments must deal with. Academic stress has been linked to decreased motivation, lower

academic achievement, and a higher chance of dropping out of school, according to prior study.

The long-term effects cost governments billions of dollars annually and include a decreased

chance of sustained employment. The most recent research on the effects of academic stress is

presented in this narrative review, along with information on how it affects students' ability to
learn and succeed academically as well as mental health issues like anxiety and depression,

sleep disorders, and drug abuse.

Based on Monica Anna Ladan Agarin (2021). Face-to-face learning has been phased

out in favor of modular distance learning. The Department of Education has responded quickly

to safeguard the safety of students and instructors in the current scenario. On the other hand,

they ensure that high-quality education is maintained. With the health dangers that the

pandemic poses to instructors, the Department of Education issued rules and policies on

various teaching modalities and approaches in order to deliver quality education to students in

the face of the pandemic. Students are requested to complete and submit school activities

online at their own speed, place, and time, with the teaching and learning process taking place

remotely and on digital platforms. Learners' academic behavior and performance are

unaffected by the problems and state of modular learning. This suggests that the challenges

and Status of Modular Learning have a considerable impact on learners' academic conduct and

performance.

As stated by Michaela C pascoe and Sarah E Hetrick and Alexandra G Parker 2020

students in second and tertiary education settings face a wide range of ongoing stressors

related to academic demands. Previous research indicates that stress of students can reduce

academic achievement, decrease motivation and increase the risk of school drop

out.Unchecked stress can lead to physical side effects like trouble concentrating, irritability, a

lack of energy, appetite changes, a weakened immune system, and trouble sleeping. Stress also

makes students to have poor management skill. Moreover, highly stressed students have the
tendency to procrastinate and neglect such important responsibilities as meeting deadlines and

completing assignments in addition, they could constantly focus on their weaknesses and

failures while ignoring their strengths and achievements. Stress in students cause serious

negative effects, both physical and academic.

Stress is a normal reaction the body has to changes, resulting in physical, emotional,

and intellectual responses, according to D Bhargava and H Trivedi. Stress is a condition of

mental pressure for specific individuals facing problems from environmental and social well-

being, which leads to many diseases, according to Deepti Bhargava and Hemant Trivedi (2018).

The natural emotion of not being able to handle particular expectations and circumstances is

stress. Stress can be a driving force and even necessary for survival; it can also indicate strain in

the body or mind. Stress is a normal response to daily stresses, but when it interferes with your

ability to function on a daily basis, it can become harmful. Stress can be internal or external,

related to the environment. .Lastly stress may usually cause physiological, physical and

behavioral problem

In line with (WHO) 2023. Stress can be defined as a condition of worry or mental

tension generated by a challenging situation. Stress is a normal human reaction that motivates

us to deal with obstacles and dangers in our lives. Everyone goes through periods of stress. But

how we handle stress has a significant impact on our general wellbeing. Stress has an impact on

the body and the mind. Stress in moderation can be beneficial and even useful in carrying out

daily tasks. Problems with mental and physical health can result from excessive stress.

Acquiring coping skills can alleviate feelings of overwhelm and promote both our mental and
physical health. Anxiety and irritation are just two of the many feelings that can accompany

stress, which also makes it difficult for us to unwind. It can be challenging for us to focus when

we're stressed. We can have stomachaches, headaches, or other physical aches and pains. It's

possible that we get less hungry or overeat. Persistent stress can make pre-existing medical

conditions worse and may lead to a rise in alcohol, tobacco, and drug usage. Access to

healthcare is necessary for the treatment of mental health issues like depression and anxiety,

which are frequently brought on by or made worse by stressful circumstances. When we

experience symptoms of stress that are severe enough to interfere with our everyday

functioning—including at work or school—we may be diagnosed with a mental health disorder.

Academic-related stress and mental health

According to the recently released OECD study, secondary students who self-report

higher levels of stress connected to their academics also indicate worse levels of psychological,

social, cognitive, and physical well-being (OECD, 2015). Self-reported stress levels are linked to

a lower quality of life and overall well-being in people pursuing higher education, according to a

systematic review of 13 studies (Ribeiro et al., 2017). Persistent stress also hastens the

emergence of more severe mental health conditions like anxiety and depression.

Academic-related stress and substance use

Stress associated with school can lead to a rise in drug usage among youth. Students

who reported high ongoing stress, especially in relation to academic achievement and the

tertiary education admissions process, also reported high rates of drug and alcohol use,

according to a survey study of 128 grade 11 students attending competitive private schools in

the United States (Leonard et al., 2015). This study highlights the significance of protective
social factors in mediating the effects of academic-related stress. The authors report that

substance use was associated with a greater desire for academic achievement, higher perceived

stress, less effective coping strategies, and less closeness with parents (Leonard et al., 2015). In

a cross-sectional survey of American university students, substance abuse was more common

among those who self-reported to be under stress

Academic-related stress and physical health

High levels of stress associated to schooling raise the likelihood that young people will

encounter avoidable physical health issues in the future. Stress, such as during exam times, was

found to be associated with a lower likelihood of physical activity, which is linked to a number

of potentially interconnected poor physical health outcomes (Stults-Kolehmainen & Sinha,

2014). This finding came from a systematic review of prospective studies. Noncommunicable

diseases like metabolic syndrome, obesity, and decreased insulin sensitivity can also arise from

stress due to bad lifestyle choices and dysregulated stress systems (Pervanidou & Chro usos,
2012).

Stress arises when individuals perceive that they cannot adequately cope with the

demands being made on them or with threats to their well-being. R.S. Lazarus (1966).

Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Stress, it is argued, can only be sensibly defined as a perceptual phenomenon arising

from acomparison between the demand on the person and his or her ability to cope. An

imbalance in this mechanism, when coping is important, gives rise to the experience of stress,

and to the stress response. T. Cox (1978). Stress. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.
 Stress results from an imbalance between demands and resources. R.S. Lazarus and S.

Folkman (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer.

Stress is the psychological, physiological and behavioural response by an individual when they

perceive a lack of equilibrium between the demands placed upon them and their ability to meet

those demands, which, over a period of time, leads to ill-health. S. Palmer (1989). Occupational

stress. The Health and Safety Practitioner, 7, (8), 16-18.

A simple definition that can be used is: Stress occurs when pressure exceeds your

perceived ability to cope. S. Palmer, 1999.

CHAPTER III

Research Methodology and Procedures

This chapter present the research methodology and procedures on how the study was

conducted. It covers the Research Design, Locale of the Study, Research Respondents,

Research Instruments, Data Gathering Procedure, and the Statistical Treatment of the Data.

Research Design

The study uses the Descriptive Research Design to determine how the students cope up

the stress in their situation. This Research Design reveal the behavior of the students.
Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at Bai Tembabay National High School. Barangay Ramcor,

General Salipada K. Pendatun, Maguindanao.The target respondents were the HUMSS students

of Bai Tembabay National High School.

Research Respondents

The Respondents of this study is the Grade 12 HUMSS students of Bai Tembabay

National High School. The target respondents were the Humss students included the 15 male

and 15 female of grade 12 students of BTNHS.

Research Instrument

In this study, The researcher uses survey questionnaire in this study consists of 10

questions with 5 columns for checking answers, which researchers use to compile respondents'

ideas who participated in the research. A sequence of questions designed to collect data from

respondents is called a questionnaire, which is a type of research instrument. It can be

completed in person, over the phone, on a computer, or through mail. Due to its quick,

effective, and affordable manner of obtaining a lot of data from sizable sample sizes,

questionnaires are a widely used research tool. With the purpose of addressing the study

questions, the investigator employs a questionnaire to collect data from respondents. In a short

amount of time, a questionnaire is a very practical technique to get data from lots of people. so.

For the data to be interpreted and applied broadly, it is critical that the questionnaire be
designed to ensure that correct information is gathered. Validity, reliability, clarity, interest, and

succinctness characterize an excellent questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to obtain the necessary data from the subjects or students, a message was sent

to Teacher 1 of Practical Research requesting permission to survey students, particularly the

Humss pupils at Bai Tembabay NHS. A questionnaire was employed in this study by the

researchers to compile the opinions of the respondents who took part in the investigation. The

questionnaire's first section asks about our coping mechanisms for handling stress or issues

related to our studies this semester. We employed a questionnaire for the survey. A

questionnaire is a type of research instrument made up of a list of inquiries intended to gather

information from participants in a survey or statistical analysis. The questionnaire was created

in 1838 by the Statistical Society of London. surveys using questionnaires. Questionnaire

surveys are technique for collecting statistical information about a population's attributes,

attitudes, or actions using a structured set of questions.

Each respondent received a personal questionnaire containing ten questions covering the

various concerns that each student is involved in. Furthermore, both groups of subjects

completed a validated writing exercise under the supervision of the researchers, which

produced a well-managed test or survey.

 Bai Tembabay National High School

STRESS COPING STRATEGIES OF GRADE 12 HUMSS STUDENTS OF BAI TEMBABAY NATIONAL

HIGH SCHOOL

Survey form

Name: (Optional)

Grade Level:

Section:

Gender:

Age:

Instruction for answering the survey:

1. Please answer every question yourself.

2. There is no right or wrong answer to any questions.

3. Provide adequate information being asked.

4. Provide honest expressions with your knowledge.

5. Please check and rate yourself honestly based on what you actually do.

1- Strongly Agree. 3- Neutral 5- Strongly Disagree

2- Agree. 4- Disagree

Part 1. How students deal with their academic stress or problem during the semesters.

Items Strongl Agree Neutral Disagree S

y Agree D

I try to do or think of some things that will make me

feel happier, and allow myself to relax.

I talk with classmates or friends, or disclose to my

online friends.

I consider it to be a type of self-challenge.

I do usual things such as watching TV, reading

comics, listening to music, sleeping, eating or going

out to temporarily forget these frustrating things.

I blame myself, retreat or shut myself away when i

face stress.
 When i encounter conflicts in my academic study

and activities, I will first arrange and plan.

I use and optimistic attitude to think about how to

cope with the problem.

I decrease my standards and try again with the new

standard.

I look for religious hope or comfort for my soul.

I try to adjust my mindset and allow myself to be

happier.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The data collected for this study was analyzed using a variety of statistical methods. A

mean and frequency count were applied to determine how HUMSS students deal with stress.