www.igexams.
com
Inheritance
Mark Scheme 7
Level IGCSE
Subject Biology
Exam Board CIE
Topic Inheritance
Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper
Booklet Mark Scheme 7
Time Allowed: 56 minutes
Score: /46
Percentage: /100
www.igexams.com
1 (a)
letter from
function name of organ
Fig. 3.1
production of gametes ovary T;
site of implantation uterus X; ignore lining / endometrium – not an organ
R uterus wall
site of fertilisation oviduct / fallopian tube R; R ‘egg, canal / tube’
dilates during birth cervix V
[3]
(b) (i) ovary / ovaries ; ignore T [1] R follicle – not an organ
(ii) makes (Graafian) follicle, form / develop / mature / be produced ; A egg / ovum / gamete for follicle
causes, secretion / release / production, of oestrogen ; [max 1] R ovulation / described
www.igexams.com
Answer Marks Guidance for Examiners
1 (c) (i)
award the following to max 3 award max 2 for data quotes including changes in concentration over stated
number of days - units must be used at least once in the answer
increase from, day 1 / first day, to day 11 ; 155 / 156 (arbitrary) units on day 11 ;
A peaks at day 11 / increases over first 10/11 days
decreases from day 11 to day 15 ; 54 / 55 (arbitrary) units on day 15 ;
increases to day 20 / peaks (again) at day 20 ; 136 (arbitrary) units on day 20 ;
decreases to, day 27 / last day ; 40 (arbitrary) units on day 27 ;
[max 4]
(ii) release of, egg / egg cell / ovum / oocyte / female gamete ; R ovule
either
from, ovary / follicle
or
into fallopian tube / oviduct ; [2]
(d) 1 sperm cell digests way through, jelly coat / AW ; ignore egg wall / cell wall
2 uses enzymes (from acrosome) ;
3 sperm, attaches to / fuses with, egg / AW ; A fusion of gametes
4 whole sperm cell enters egg / head of sperm enters egg ;
5 (egg membrane changes so that) no other sperm can enter ;
6 haploid / 23 chromosomes ;
7 nuclei, fuse / join ; A ref to chromosomes ‘coming together’
8 diploid / 46 chromosomes ; ignore events after fertilisation
9 zygote ; [max 3]
www.igexams.com
Answer Marks Guidance for Examiners
1 (e) (i) length / molecule / thread / strand, of DNA (and proteins) ;
made of (string of), genes / alleles ; A contains genes R pair of genes
[max 2]
(ii) 46 ; A 23 pairs [1]
www.igexams.com
2 (a) MP1 attach to virus / bacteria / antigens ;
MP2 prevent movement around the body ;
MP3 prevent entry into cells ;
MP4 stop division ;
MP5 combine with / neutralise, toxins ;
MP6 clump, bacteria / viruses, together ;
MP7 help phagocytes engulf virus / bacteria ; [max 3]
(b) kidney would be rejected ;
(lymphocytes produce anti-A) antibodies ;
(antibodies) attach to blood vessels ; [max 2]
(c) no, blood / capillaries / antigens / antibodies / white cells / lymphocytes, in the cornea ; [max 1]
(d)
IAIO × IBIO ;
IA IO + IB IO ;
IOIO ; [3]
(e)
term example
a dominant allele IA
heterozygous genotype IAIO / IBIO / IAIB ;
codominant alleles IA and IB ;
phenotype (blood) group, A / B / AB / O ;
[3]
[Total: 12]
www.igexams.com
3 (a 34/35/36mm
0.14
answer = (x) 243 to 257 ;; [2]
(b) no, flagellum / tail ; only accept structural points
no, acrosome / (digestive) enzymes ;
has, food / energy, store ;
more cytoplasm ;
larger nucleus ;
more membrane / larger surface area ; [max 3]
(c) reduces / halves, number of chromosomes ;
so number of chromosomes does not double each generation ;
gives variation ; [max 2]
www.igexams.com
3 (d) man
cannot produce sperm ;
sperm cannot swim / defective sperm / AW ;
few sperm / low sperm count ;
blockage of, epididymis / vas deferens ;
result of, STD / named STD ;
AVP ; had a vasectomy / problem with ejaculation / not enough nutrient
in semen [max 1]
woman
low concentration of / no, FSH ;
follicles do not develop / cannot ovulate ;
damaged / blocked / cut, oviduct ;
AVP ; e.g. post menopause / embryo cannot implant / uterine lining does
not thicken [max 1]
(e) to increase chances of fertilisation ;
fertilisation occurs in the oviduct ;
sperm can only survive for a few days (in the oviduct) ;
placed in the uterus and not in the vagina as sperm less likely to die /
AW ;
AVP ; e.g. ref to female’s immune system
takes 1–2 days for sperm to reach, egg / oviduct [max 3]
(f) to maintain, endometrium / lining of uterus ;
for implantation ;
prevent loss of embryo (through menstruation) ;
inhibits, secretion / release, of FSH / LH ;
no development of (more) follicles / AW ; [max 3]
(g) number of women who become pregnant out of all women who have AI ;
as a percentage / out of every 100 ; [2]
[Total: 17]
