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STP Spanning Tree Protocol: P P P P

The document discusses the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) which is used to prevent broadcast frames from propagating in both directions in a LAN network. It provides an example of three switches connected in a triangular form and explains how STP designates the root switch, root ports, and designated and blocking ports to allow broadcast frames to propagate in only one direction.

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109 views2 pages

STP Spanning Tree Protocol: P P P P

The document discusses the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) which is used to prevent broadcast frames from propagating in both directions in a LAN network. It provides an example of three switches connected in a triangular form and explains how STP designates the root switch, root ports, and designated and blocking ports to allow broadcast frames to propagate in only one direction.

Uploaded by

manarsabry08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STP

Spanning Tree Protocol


802.1d

STP is used to reduce the effect of the broadcast frames in LAN


networks. This protocol block some ports on switches to prevent the
broadcast frames to move in two opposite directions ( i.e move in one
direction only )

The STP message called BID (bridge id)


priority field MAC address of the switch
2 bytes 6 bytes

How the STP works ?


Assume three switches in a LAN network are connected in triangular
form as shown :

SW1 P2 P1 SW2
4
P1 P2
5 4
P2 SW3
P1

The following information are applied:


MAC addresses
SW1 00ff:ffff:ffff
SW2 000f:ffff:ffff
SW3 0fff:ffff:ffff
The costs of the links between switches are shown in the figure.

Note: If no STP protocol is applied to this network, the broadcast frame


will propagate in clockwise and anticlockwise ( 2 opposite directions )
which causes bad performance of the network due to the broadcast
storm, so the STP protocol is needed to make the propagation of the
broadcast frame in one way only and prevent it in the reverse way.
In the STP protocol we must assign the following
a – The root switch.
The root switch control the STP operation .
The root switch can be assigned manually by assigning less
priority by the admin.
If the root switch not assigned manually, it is elected as the switch
which has the lowest MAC address.
In this example the root switch will be SW2 ( from the table ).
As SW2 is the root switch so its ports must be always open ( forward )
i.e P1/SW2 and P2/SW2

b – The root ports.


The root ports are the facing port to the root switches on the other
Switches i.e P1/SW3 and P2/SW1 ports must be always open
( forward )

c – Designated port and Blocking port.


The designated port is an open ( forward ) port but not directly
connected to the root switch. We still have two ports not assigned if
forward ( open ) or blocked ( closed ). These two ports are: P1/SW1 and
P2/SW3.
To choose the designated port
1 - we take the port who has the less costs to the root switch SW2. In
this case the costs are equal 4+5 = 9
2 – Assign the port on the less MAC address between the switches
on the link ( SW1 , SW3). From the table:
MAC address of SW1 < MAC address of SW3
So the port on SW1 (P1/SW1) will be the designated port and
P2/SW3 is the blocked port.

We can brief the functions of the port in STP in the following table
P1/SW1 Designated port forward
P2/SW1 root port forward
P1/SW2 port on root switch forward
P2/SW2 port on root switch forward
P1/SW3 root port forward
P2/SW3 Blocking port blocking

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