18EC45
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications Control Systems UNIT 4
Bode Plots
Frequency Responses Analysis
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic Ripal Patel
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Assistant Professor,
Example 3
Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore.
Assessments
of relative ripal.patel.ec@drait.edu.in
stability using
Bode plots
Computation July 6, 2021
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Introduction to Frequency Response Analysis
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for • We have already discussed time response analysis of the
constructing
the Bode control systems and the time domain specifications of the
plots(Basic
factors) second order control systems.
Example 1
Example 2 • In this unit, let us discuss the frequency response analysis
Example 3
of the control systems and the frequency domain
Assessments
of relative specifications of the second order control systems.
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
What is Frequency Response?
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
• The response of a system can be partitioned into both the
Bode Plots
transient response and the steady state response. We can
General
procedure for find the transient response by using Fourier integrals. The
constructing
the Bode steady state response of a system for an input sinusoidal
plots(Basic
factors) signal is known as the frequency response. In this chapter,
Example 1
Example 2
we will focus only on the steady state response.
Example 3
• If a sinusoidal signal is applied as an input to a Linear
Assessments
of relative Time-Invariant (LTI) system, then it produces the steady
stability using
Bode plots state output, which is also a sinusoidal signal. The input
Computation and output sinusoidal signals have the same frequency, but
of Gain and
Phase Margins different amplitudes and phase angles.
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
What is Frequency Response?
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
What is Frequency Response?
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Magnitude and Phase T (jω)
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Magnitude and Phase T (jω)
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Resonant Frequency
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Resonant Peak
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Bandwidth
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Bode Plots
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
General procedure for constructing the Bode
Ripal Patel
plots(Basic factors)
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
General procedure for constructing the Bode
Ripal Patel
plots(Basic factors)
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
General procedure for constructing the Bode
Ripal Patel
plots(Basic factors)
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
General procedure for constructing the Bode
Ripal Patel
plots(Basic factors)
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
General procedure for constructing the Bode
Ripal Patel
plots(Basic factors)
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
General procedure for constructing the Bode
Ripal Patel
plots(Basic factors)
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
General procedure for constructing the Bode
Ripal Patel
plots(Basic factors)
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Rules for Construction of Bode Plots
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Rules for Construction of Bode Plots
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Rules for Construction of Bode Plots
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Effect of Constant Terms
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Effect of Individual Zeros and Poles at the Origin
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
A Pole at the Origin
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Effect of Individual Zeros and Poles Not at the
Ripal Patel
Origin
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 1
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 1 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 1 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 2
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 2 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 2 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 2 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 3
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 3 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 3 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 3 Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Phase Bode Plot
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Phase Bode Plot
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Phase Bode Plot
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Phase Bode Plot
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Phase Bode Plot
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 1
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Solution Example 1
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example 2
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Solution Example 2
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Solution Example 2
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Solution Example 2
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Gain Margin
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications • The greater the Gain Margin (GM), the greater the
Bode Plots
stability of the system. The gain margin refers to the
General
procedure for amount of gain, which can be increased or decreased
constructing
the Bode without making the system unstable. It is usually
plots(Basic
factors) expressed as a magnitude in dB.
Example 1
Example 2 • The frequency where the Bode phase plot = 180. This
Example 3
point is known as the phase crossover frequency.
Assessments
of relative • The Gain margin is the difference between the magnitude
stability using
Bode plots curve and 0dB at the point corresponding to the frequency
Computation
of Gain and
that gives us a phase of -180 deg (the phase cross over
Phase Margins
from Bode
frequency, Wpc).
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Gain Margin
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Gain Margin
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Phase Margin
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for • The phase margin is defined as the change in open loop
constructing
the Bode phase shift required to make a closed loop system unstable
plots(Basic
factors) • The phase margin is the difference in phase between the
Example 1
Example 2 phase curve and -180 deg at the point corresponding to
Example 3
the frequency that gives us a gain of 0dB (the gain cross
Assessments
of relative over frequency, Wgc).
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Phase Margin
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Bode Plot Stability
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for • For a Stable System: Both the margins should be positive
constructing
the Bode or phase margin should be greater than the gain margin.
plots(Basic
factors) • For Marginal Stable System: Both the margins should be
Example 1
Example 2 zero or phase margin should be equal to the gain margin.
Example 3
Assessments
• For Unstable System: If any of them is negative or phase
of relative
stability using
margin should be less than the gain margin.
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Example Solution
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
18EC45
Ripal Patel
Introduction
Frequency
domain
specifications
Bode Plots
General
procedure for
constructing
the Bode
plots(Basic
factors)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Assessments
of relative
stability using
Bode plots
Computation
of Gain and
Phase Margins
from Bode
plot
Gain
adjustment in
Bode Plot
