3/25/24, 3:06 PM What Does a Financial Analyst Do
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What Does a Financial Analyst Do
What the life of an analyst is really like
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Written by Tim Vipond
What Does a Financial Analyst Do? A Day in the Life
A financial analyst is responsible for a wide range of activities including
gathering data, organizing information, analyzing historical results,
making forecasts and projections, making recommendations, and
generating Excel models, presentations, and reports. This guide will
provide a detailed breakdown of a day in the life of a financial analyst,
and answer the question, what does a financial analyst do?
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To learn more about the real day-to-day life of an analyst, check out CFI’s
Online Financial Analyst Courses, as they provide complete training on all
of the most important skills that are required for the job.
List of What a Financial Analyst Does
Analysts have many duties and responsibilities, depending on the
organization they work for, the industry they are in, and their seniority.
Below is a list of the most common things they do:
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#1 Gather data and information
The work of a financial analyst starts with gathering data and
information about whatever they need to analyze. Examples include
historical financial reports, accounting data from the general ledger,
stock price information, statistics and macroeconomic data, industry
research, and just about any other type of quantitative data. The
information will be gathered from sources such as the company’s
internal databases, third-party providers such as Bloomberg or Capital
IQ, and government agencies such as the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC).
#2 Organize information
Once the data is gathered it’s typically entered into Excel or some other
type of database. Once inputted, the next task is to organize it, clean it
up, and get it into a format it can be made sense of. This typically means
sorting the numbers by data, or by category, adding formulas and
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functions to make sure it’s dynamic, and using consistent formatting
styles so that it’s easy to read and understand. See more Excel
formatting tips.
#3 Analyze financial results
With the data all cleaned up and organized in Excel, it’s time for the
financial analyst to start analyzing past information and historical results.
This typically includes looking at ratios and metrics like gross margin, net
margin, fixed vs. variable costs, year-over-year (YoY) growth rates, return
on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt/equity ratio, earnings per
share (EPS), and many others. The analyst will look for trends and
benchmark the performance against other companies in the same
industry. When asking what does a financial analyst do, this is one of the
biggest components!
#4 Make forecasts and projections
Now that historical information has been analyzed, it’s time to make
projects and forecasts about how the company will perform in the
future. There is both an art and a science to predict how a company will
perform, and many assumptions and even leaps of faith have to be
made. Common forecasting methods include regression analysis, year-
over-year growth rates, as well as bottom-up and top-down approaches.
Learn more in CFI’s Budgeting and Forecasting Course.
#5 Develop recommendations
A good financial analyst is not only good with numbers but actually
generates insights and recommendations on how to improve the
operations of a business. Examples of helpful recommendations and
insights include ways to cut costs, opportunities to grow revenue, ways
to increase market share, operational efficiencies, customer satisfaction,
and much more. This is what truly separates a world-class financial
analyst from the rest. These recommendations will be presented to the
CEO, the CFO, other executives, and/or the board of directors.
#6 Build Excel models
For analysts working in investment banking, equity research, corporate
development, financial planning & analysis (FP&A), and other areas of
corporate finance, financial modeling will be a big part of the job. These
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models typically start by linking the 3 financial statements and then
layering on more advanced types of financial models such as discounted
cash flow analysis (DCF models), internal planning models, and more
arcane models such as LBO models and M&A models.
Learn more about these in CFI’s Financial Modeling Courses.
Image from CFI’s Financial Analyst Courses.
#7 Make presentations
When someone asks, what does a financial analyst do, the answer will
always include something to do with making presentations (often in
PowerPoint). The analysis that’s completed in Excel then has to be turned
into charts and graphs, which can then be inserted into pitchbooks and
management presentations. Learn more in CFI’s PowerPoint
Presentations Course.
#8 Generate reports
Internal reports and dashboards are a part of the daily life of an analyst.
Whether it’s presenting key performance indicators (KPIs) or tracking
actual vs. budgeted results, it’s imperative to the company or the client
that information be clearly presented, timely, easy to understand,
accurate, and insightful. To learn more, check out CFI’s Dashboards
Course.
Types of Financial Analysts
Below is a list of the most common types of financial analysts:
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Investment banking analyst
Equity research analyst
Treasury analyst
Financial planning and analysis (FP&A) analyst
Private equity analyst
Corporate development analyst
A Day in the Life of a Financial Analyst
Below is an example of a day in the life of a financial analyst working at a
corporation on the FP&A team:
7:00 am – At home, check phone and email for any important
messages before getting ready for work and commuting to the
office.
8:30 am – Arrive at the office, respond to any urgent emails, follow-
up on any outstanding items from the previous day.
9:00 am – Finance team meeting to discuss changes that need to be
made to the Q4-2018 budget model, including updates to
assumptions and changes to forecast.
10:00 am – Work on the budget model and make all updates and
changes that were discussed in the meeting.
12:30 pm – Pick up lunch from a nearby deli and eat back at the desk
while catching up on financial news and videos on Bloomberg.com.
1:30 pm – Start working on the updated version of the Q4 board
presentation including updated PPT slides and graphs in Excel.
4:30 pm – Circle up with the manager and review changes to the
budget model as well as the board presentation.
5:30 pm – Tend to some personal errands and respond to emails
from friends.
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6:00 pm – Finish up changes from the 4:30 pm meeting with the
manager and finalize the Excel model and PPT presentation.
7:00 pm – Head out of the office and meet some friends for dinner or
head home.
Note: a day in the life can vary significantly depending on the industry, city,
and the particular day. The above is meant to represent an average day for a
corporate analyst. Other types of analysts, like those in investment banking,
will work much longer hours.
Additional Resources
Thank you for reading this guide to better understand what does a
financial analyst do. CFI is the official provider of the Financial Modeling &
Valuation Analyst (FMVA)™ certification program, designed to help
anyone in that role become world-class at their job. Additional resources
to help you on your way include:
Free Financial Modeling Guide
Finance Interview Questions
Finance Salary Guide
Interactive Career Map
See all career resources
See all capital markets resources
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