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Histology (Nervous System) Lecture 6-7
Presentation · January 2021
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10191.41126
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Histology A.L. Dr. Noor Fouad Nervous/Lec. 6&7
جـــــــــامعــــة البــــيـــــــان
كـــلية التقنــــــــيات الصحيــــــة والطبيــــــة
Histology
Lecture 6 & 7
By
Assistant lecturer
Dr. Noor Fouad M. Ali
1
Histology A.L. Dr. Noor Fouad Nervous/Lec. 6&7
Nervous System
Divided anatomically in to:
1. Central nervous system (CNS): in Brian & spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS): in nerve fiber & nerve ganglia
Divided structurally in to:
A. Neurons (nerve cells): it is receive and transmit impulses.
B. Neuroglia (glial cells): it is the supportive cells of the neuron, which
assist the spread of the nerve impulse as well as
providing nutrients to the neuron.
Neurons Consist of three parts:
a. Cell body.
b. Axon: single elongated process.
c. Dendrites: Multiple elongated processes.
d. Synapses: cell junctions between its axon and other cells.
2
Histology A.L. Dr. Noor Fouad Nervous/Lec. 6&7
Neurons are Functionally classification:
1. Sensory neurons (afferent): cells work to send information from the
PNS to the CNS.
2. Motor neurons (efferent): cells work to send information from the CNS
to the PNS. (like : muscles).
3. Interneurons: cells connections between neurons in CNS.
Neurons are Shapely classification:
1. Multipolar neurons: have 3 or more processes coming off the cell body.
2. Bipolar neurons: have two processes coming off the cell body (one
dendrite and one axon).
3. Unipolar neurons: have a single short dendrite.
4. Pseudounipolar neurons: have one process that splits into two branches
forming the axon and dendrite.
3
Histology A.L. Dr. Noor Fouad Nervous/Lec. 6&7
o Neuroglia cells are classified as follows:
A. CNS neuroglial cells:
1) Microglial cells: are macrophage cells that make up the
primary immune system. (Smallest cell)
2) Oligodendrocytes: very few processes form myelin
sheaths on the axons of a neuron in the CNS.
3) Ependymal cells: is columnar ciliated epithelial cell line the
cavities of brain (ventricles) and the central canal of the
spinal cord, formed the Choroid plexus and produce of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
4) Astrocytes: are Star-shaped with many processes and most
abundant cell type in the brain with blood vessels. (Biggest
cell)
B. PNS neuroglial cells:
1) Schwann cells: maintain axons and form myelin sheaths in
the PNS.
2) Satellite cells: small support groups surrounding the cell
bodies of neurons with ganglia of the PNS.
4
Histology A.L. Dr. Noor Fouad Nervous/Lec. 6&7
5
Histology A.L. Dr. Noor Fouad Nervous/Lec. 6&7
Classification of tissue in the central nervous system CNS:
1. Grey matter
2. White matter
Brain Spinal Cord
Classification of tissue in the peripheral nervous system PNS:
1. Ganglion tissue.
2. Nerves.
3. Nerve ending.
6
Histology A.L. Dr. Noor Fouad Nervous/Lec. 6&7
Meningeal layers: are 3 layers that cover the brain and
spinal cord.
The 3 layers are:
1. Dura mater: the outer layer consists of dense fibrocollagen
connective tissue. Have sub-dural space in the bottom.
2. Arachnoid: the medium layer consists of fibrocollagen,
formed the sub-arachnoid space. It is high vascular layer.
3. Pia mater: the inner layer consists of loose fibrocollagen
connective tissue.
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